User:Yolanda95/sandbox

More sources
https://econet.carm.es/web/crem/inicio/-/crem/sicrem/PU_datosBasicos/sec49.html

https://www.freshplaza.com/article/2117481/murcia-is-the-leading-spanish-fruit-and-vegetable-exporter/

https://www.freshplaza.com/article/9221717/murcian-fruit-and-veg-exports-exceeded-2-5-million-tons-in-2019/

Golf and mills in Torre-Pacheco
Remarkable features of Torre-Pacheco are its golf courses, its agriculture and its mills. http://nexo.carm.es/nexo/archivos/recursos/opendata/rdf/CamposdeGolf.rdf http://nexo.carm.es/nexo/archivos/recursos/opendata/csv/CamposdeGolf.csv

Vuelta ciclista España 2007
13ª etapa: http://edition.cnn.com/2007/SPORT/09/14/cycling.spain/index.html

http://edition.cnn.com/2007/SPORT/09/14/cycling.spain/index.html http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SPORT/09/19/tennis.davis.final.spain.czech/index.html https://www.laverdad.es/murcia/prensa/20070914/portada_murcia/torre-pacheco-entra-historia_20070914.html https://murciatoday.com/torre-pacheco_31-t.html

Torre-Pacheco was the final point of the 13th stage of La Vuelta Ciclista of Spain in 2007.

Festivities in El Algar
https://laguiaw.com/fiestas-de-el-algar

Demographics of Fortuna
19.64% of the inhabitants are foreigners - 11.6% come from Africa, 6.12% come from other countries of Europe, 167 are Americans, and 27 Asian people reside in the municipality.

Healthcare in Fortuna
The municipality is included in the Healtharea VI (Vega Media del Segura) of Region of Murcia) and one of its seventeen areas covers the municipality. It hosts a consultorio (primary care centre with less functions than the centros de salud) and a centro de salud.

Education in Fortuna
There are 3 early childhood and primary education centres (CEIP) and one secondary education centre (IES) in the main town. Another CEIP can also be found in La Matanza.

Demographics of Santomera
17.09% of the inhabitants are foreginers - 10.92% are Africans, 528 people are Americans, 416 are Europeans, and 56 Asian people reside in the municipality.

Healthcare in Santomera
The municipality is part of the Healtharea VII (Murcia/Este) and one of its twelve subareas covers the municipality. Santomera hosts a  consultorio (primary care centre with less functions than the centros de salud) and a centro de salud.

Education in Santomera
There are a early childhood and primary education centre (CEIP) and a secondary education centre (IES) in the main town. A primary school centre is located in Matanzas and another one in El Siscar.

Healthcare in Totana
This municipality is part of the Healtharea III (Lorca) in Region of Murcia. Two of the eleven subareas stretch Totana - one in the north and another in the south. A consultorio (primary care centre with less functions than the centros de salud) and two centros de salud - one in the northern subarea and another in the southern area.

Education in Totana
The main town hosts 6 early childhood and primary education (CEIP) centres and 2 secondary education centres (IES). There are also a CEIP in Lébor and another in El Paretón. 4 basic vocational education degrees (FPB), 3 medium education degrees and one higher education degrees. They are taught in the two IES.

A centre of the national language teaching institution can also be found in the territory. Another institution is about several courses, its name is Universidad Popular and it belongs to the towncouncil.

Demographics of Totana
20.48% of the inhabitants are foreigners - 2.09% from other countries of Europe, 5.68% are Africans, 12.29% are Americans and 129 Asian people reside there.

Demographics of El Algar
17.6% of the inhabitants are foreigners.

Healthcare in Mazarrón
Mazarrón is included in the área de salud/sanitaria II, which main place is Cartagena. In this area there are two subareas related to the municipality: Mazarrón and Puerto de Mazarrón. There is a consultorio(primary care health centre with less functions and less specialised than the centros de salud) in Camposol and another in La Majada. A centro de salud (primary care health centre) can be found in Mazarrón and another in Puerto de Mazarrón.

http://www.murciasalud.es/caps.php?op=mostrar_area&id_area=2&idsec=409

https://www.mscbs.gob.es/estadEstudios/estadisticas/docs/siap/GLOSARIO_DE_TERMINOS.pdf

https://econet.carm.es/web/crem/inicio/-/crem/sicrem/PU_MazarronCifras/P8003/sec6.html

Demographics of Mazarrón
https://econet.carm.es/web/- crem/inicio/-/crem/sicrem/PU_MazarronCifras/Indice2.html 36.98% of the inhabitants are foreigners - 11.29% from other countries of Europe, 12.94% are Africans, 4.27% are Americans and 167 Asian people reside there.

Demographics of Torre-Pacheco
29.76% of the inhabitants are foreigners - 4.86% come from other countries of Europe, 18.14% are Africans, 4.57% are Americans and 777 Asian reside in the municipalitly. There is table about the population evolution below.

Sports in Torre-Pacheco
Flamenco folk singing festival: It occurs in Lo Ferro village during some days of the second half of July. https://www.murciaturistica.es/es/evento/festival-de-cante-flamenco-de-lo-ferro-M423967/ http://www.torrepacheco.es/news/madrid-acoge-la-presentacion-del-xxxvii-festival-de-cante-flamenco-de-lo-ferro

Main sights of Molina de Segura

 * Remains of the medieval rampart
 * Casa Cárcel: Its construction ended in 1604, but is was remodelled in the 18th century for the first time and in the 1980s for the second.
 * Nuestra Señora de la Asunción Parish Church: It is placed in the centre of Molina. It was opened up in 1765. It has a Latin cross plan, which includes a nave and two aisles. Its facade is formed mainly with stone blocks and bricks also occur in the building. There is a fresco in the inner part of the dome.
 * Sagrado Corazón Church: This building was built in 1833.
 * San Roque Church: It was built from 1835 to 1850.
 * Nuestra Señora de Las Mercedes Church: It was opened up in 1910. Its bell tower is eclectic and the building has neoclassic features.
 * María Auxiliadora Church:
 * La Purísima Church: It is located in El Llano district in the east and southern half of the municipality. It was opened up in 1967.
 * Casa del Canónigo: It dates back to the 19th century. Its name is due to the fact that it belonged to a canon (the translation for canónigo).
 * Some chimneys: These are traces of the food tinning industrial era in Molina.
 * Ethnographic Museum Carlos Soriano

Festivities
Some festivities that are held in the municipality are listed below:
 * San Antón: This festivity occurs in January
 * Holy Week:


 * Patron saint festivities: These festive days take place in September. Several activities such and opening address, a folklore fest, a firework display, a float parade, a car model exhibition, etc.There are also religious activities such as masses, processions (festive religious parades), romerías and rosary prays; and sport activities such as a rhythmic gymnastics exhibit, a bicycle tour, badminton tournaments, soccer tournaments, and so force.
 * From Christmas to the Three Kings' Day

Huerta de Murcia
This is the smallest demarcation about the comarca of Murcia municipality and includes four municipalities: the city of Murcia, Santomera, Beniel and Alcantarilla. Another comarca that is proposed is Vega Media del Segura. It covers the same municipalities as the previous version but additionally includes Fortuna and Abanilla. According to Atlas Global de la Region de Murcia of La Verdad newspaper, the four municipalities of Huerta de Murcia would be part of a larger comarca called the Área metropolitana de Murcia, and Molina de Segura, Las Torres de Cotillas and Alguazas would also belong to it. Important landforms of the area are the mountain range Sierra de Carracoy, which eastern half occupies part of the west of the region and Segura River.

La Alberca
La Alberca is a district of the Spanish municipality Murcia. It surface consists of approximately 10.275 km2 and it population of 12,755 in 2019.

Geography of Alhama de Murcia
The inhabitants of the municipality are distributed in the following localities: Alhama de Murcia, where 19,265 people reside; Las Cañadas, that is inhabited by 903 people; La Costera, that is home to 310 people; El Cañarico, where 154 people reside, El Berro, which population consists of 140 and El Gebas, that is home to 24 people.

Economy of Alhama de Murcia
34.2% of the territory is utilised for agriculture purposes.

Festivities in Alhama de Murcia
La Candelaria: This festivity takes place during the two first days of February.

Carnival

Holy Week

Los Mayos: This festivity occurs on the first week of May

Feria de Alhama

History of Santomera
[...]

Economy of Santomera
[...]

Sports in Santomera
Club de Fútbol Santomera

http://www.ffrm.es/pnfg/NPcd/NFG_VerClub?cod_primaria=1000118&codigo_club=1021

Festivities of Santomera
Holy Week: Fundamentally, this festivity is held in the same way than other places in Spain. There are processions (festive religious solemn parades) in which participants walk grouped in confraternities (groups of people in religious affairs) and carry religious statues or sculptures on decorated platforms.

Moros y Cristianos: These festive days take place in the second half of June.

Independent municipality commemorative day: Its name in Spanish is Día del Ayuntamiento (literally translated as Town Council Day). This festive day takes place on 29 September and is about commemorating the independence of Santomera of Murcia Municipality in 1978.

Del Rosario Virgin patron saint festivity: This festivity is dedicated to the Virgin Mary in her Rosary facet. It begins in the second half of September and ends in the late first third of October. During these days several activities such as sport tournaments (volleyball, basketball, pétanque, hockey and table tennis), Rosary prays meetings, music and theatre performances, and so force.

Main sights of Totana
These buildings below have special history or artistic values:

La Bastida: This is an archaeological site that was formerly a settlement of people belonging to the Argaric culture during the Bronze Age.

Santiago Parish Church

San José Church: This building was constructed in the late 17th century. It is composed of only a rectangular-shaped nave and covered with semicircular vault.

San Roque Church: It was built in the 18th century. The plant of the building consists only in a rectangular-shaped nave. It has a gable roof.

Town Hall

Casa de Las Contribuciones: It was built in the early 20th century and has modernist features.

Arco de San Pedro / Arco de Las Ollerías / Arco de la Rambla: This is an aqueduct which dates back to 1753.

History of Molina de Segura
http://www.borm.es/borm/documento?obj=anu&id=493322

Yacimiento de Molina de Segura y de Fortuna. Edad de Bronce. Cultura argárica.

After the Ummayad conquest of the Iberian Peninsula, large part of the landform was under muslim rule. The Muslims named the territory Mulinat as-Sikka. They built a fortress in Mulina and fortified it over the decades and centuries.

Economy of Totana
Agriculture is an economy activity that is quite carried out in the municipality. 29.9% of the territory surface is used for landcrops purposes. The most widely grown products are cauliflower, broccoli and grapes. 50.91% of the agreements were about agricultural labouring and 20.75 about waiter jobs. https://www.sefcarm.es/web/integra.servlets.Blob?ARCHIVO "cifras de empleo municipal"

https://www.sefcarm.es/web/integra.servlets.Blob?ARCHIVO=Totana.pdf&TABLA=ARCHIVOS&CAMPOCLAVE=IDARCHIVO&VALORCLAVE=130094&CAMPOIMAGEN=ARCHIVO&IDTIPO=60&RASTRO=c$m5082,5147,6887,55041

https://econet.carm.es/web/crem/inicio/-/crem/sicrem/PU_TotanaCifras/sec0.html

https://www.carm.es/web/servlet/integra.servlets.Blob?ARCHIVO=TOTANA-Informe%20Municipal%202012.pdf&TABLA=ARCHIVOS&CAMPOCLAVE=IDARCHIVO&VALORCLAVE=90206&CAMPOIMAGEN=ARCHIVO&IDTIPO=60&RASTRO=c79$m22720,22805,40847

Economy of Moratalla
https://www.sefcarm.es/web/integra.servlets.Blob?ARCHIVO "cifras de empleo municipal" moratalla

History of Calasparra
Abrigos del Pozo

https://www.murciaturistica.es/es/arte_rupestre_detalle/abrigos-del-pozo-4481/

https://www.regmurcia.com/servlet/s.Sl?sit=c,522,m,165&r=CeAP-3841-R_73_DETALLE_REPORTAJES

https://www.laopiniondemurcia.es/municipios/2019/07/19/abrigos-pozo-guia-turistica/1039309.html

Villa Vieja

https://revistas.um.es/mimemur/article/view/j6541

https://digitum.um.es/digitum/bitstream/10201/16483/1/art.%20de%20miscelanea%20vol%2015%20El%20despoblado%20islamico..pdf;EL

http://www.turismocalasparra.es/index.php/es/actualidad/71-yacimiento-villa-vieja

Economy of Calasparra
62.3% of the surface of the municipality is used for landcrops purposes. The products that are more widely grown are apricots, almonds, peaches and olives. 33,54% of the agreements that were signed in 2018 corresponded to the agricultural sector and 47,16% corresponded to services sector. htps://econet.carm.es/web/crem/inicio/-/crem/sicrem/PU_CalasparraCifras/P8004/sec2.html

https://econet.carm.es/web/crem/inicio/-/crem/sicrem/PU_CalasparraCifras/P8004/sec4.html

https://www.sefcarm.es/web/integra.servlets.Blob?ARCHIVO

site:https://www.sefcarm.es/web/integra.servlets.Blob?ARCHIVO "cifras de empleo municipal" calasparra

Main sights
Villa Vieja: It is an archeological site that was anciently a settlement of the Muslim Iberian Peninsula era.

Calasparra's Castle: It was probably built in the 11th century, during the Muslim Iberian Peninsula era. It was abandoned after a Mudejar revolt in 1264, once that the territory had been conquered by Castile. The king of Castile Sancho Villa bestowed the castle and the town to a military religious order in 1289.

Rambla de los Arcos Aqueduct

El Molinico: It was built in the 16th century.

Virgen de la Esperanza Shrine

Torre del Reloj (Clock Tower)

La Encomienda: It was built in 1730 and 1731.

History of Moratalla
There are some spots with cave paintings in this current municipality that give of people occupancy during the Prehistory.

There was presence of people during the Bronze Age, specifically of people who belonged to Argaric culture.

After the Muslim invasion (711-726), some Berber clans settled in Moratalla

Moratalla was conquered by the Order of Santiago (a religious military order) in 1212, in the context of Reconquista and the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa.

An own municipality was established for Moratalla in 1245, after the Castilian conquest in Taifa of Murcia, and it splitted from the municipality Segura de la Sierra (in Jaén province).

There was an increase in population during the 16th and that lead to a new urban layout. The growth of some vegetables species was promoted and the ranching was boosted during the century.

In the early 19th century the first electricity supply factory was established in Moratalla.

History of Abanilla
A paleontological site has been found in the Quibas mountain range, in the norhtwest of Abanilla. Some pieces date back to 1.3 million years. The site provides great information of the fauna of the area during the Pleistocene.

http://www.patrimur.es/documents/1806272/1815092/20+centro+interpretacion+Sierra+Quibas.pdf/32f7ede7-aed0-43d5-a81b-5c043e31d7f8

http://servicios.educarm.es/paleontologia/yaciquibas.htm

https://www.regmurcia.com/servlet/s.Sl?sit=c,522,m,165&r=CeAP-2475-C_815_DETALLE_CENTRO

There has been presence of human beings since the Paleolithic. Lithic workplaces corresponding to that era were found in the Southern half of the municipality.

http://www.borm.es/borm/documento?obj=anu&id=408757

http://www.borm.es/borm/documento?obj=anu&id=410696

http://www.murcianatural.carm.es/alfresco/service/montes/municipio?q=30001&guest=true

This current municipality was also inhabited by people during the first centuries of the Ancient Era (from 5th century to the 3rd in this case) by Iberians. There is a former settlement in the Norhtwest end it also occurs in Fortuna and Jumilla and another one in the south.

http://www.borm.es/borm/documento?obj=anu&id=458415

There were also people inhabitance and structures corresponding to the period when Romans ruled the Iberian Peninsula. A roman road (via romana) traversed Abanilla and there are remains of it. Another site dating back from that era is a former Roman villa.

https://www.regmurcia.com/servlet/s.Sl?sit=a,61,c,373,m,1871&r=ReP-4550-DETALLE_REPORTAJESPADRE

https://abanilla.es/historia/

https://abanilladigital.com/2014/08/01/acueducto-sahues-romano-arabe/

https://abanilla.es/pedanias/

A war with conquer purposes begin in the Iberian Peninsula in 711. Muslim peoples intended to rule the peninsula and conquered large part of it from the starting year to 726. The nobleman Theodemir did an agreement with the governor Abd al-Aziz ibn Musa in 713 which name is Treaty of Orihuela. Teh treaty lead Abd al-Aziz to rule territory between Vinalopó and Segura rivers. Consequently, Abanilla had dependency on Orihuela during the Muslim Iberian Peninsula era.

A structure that originated in that period is the alcazaba (arabic fortification) of the town.

https://www.regmurcia.com/servlet/s.Sl?sit=a,61,c,373,m,1871&r=ReP-4551-DETALLE_REPORTAJESPADRE

The king of the Taifa of Murcia signed the Treaty of Alcaraz, which consisted in conferring vassalage to the Crown of Castile, in 1243. Muslims were allowed to stay, and keep their religion, customs, organisations, etc. provided they payed extra taxes. In this era, Abanilla ceases being part of Orihuela because the first one belonged to Castile and the second one to Aragon.

In 1613, the king Ferdinand III of Castile ruled the expulsion of the Muslims. As there were rather many of them in Abanilla (over 1,000), the town turned out not to have enough workers for land labouring and that caused an economic downturn, which lasted for a century.

There had been an increase in population in 18th century and there were over 7,000 inhabitants in that century. New dwellings and buildings were necessarily built beyond the town-surrounding wall. Many important buildings of the municipality were constructed during this century.

https://www.mct.es/documents/74411/75046/El+Organismo+y+su+evoluci%C3%B3n+historica+2018.pdf

In the third quarter of the 20th century, water canals were built in Abanilla and drinking water supply begin to exist in the municipality.

Festivals
Cartagena's and Lorca's Holy Week's processions have been declared of International Tourist Interest, together the Murcia's "Bando de la Huerta" and "The Burial of the Sardine in Murcia", included in its Spring Festivities. Murcia's Holy Week is also interesting since its processions include Murcian sculptor Francisco Salzillo's statues.

Cartagena's main festivities are the Carthagineses y Romanos, re-enacting the Punic Wars. They have been declared of National Tourist Interest.

The Águila's Carnival is one of the most important and colourful of Spain. There is a festivity named Moros y Cristianos that is held in some towns of Region of Murcia such as Murcia, Jumilla, Abanilla, Santomera, Archena, Caravaca de la Cruz, Cieza, and Archena. Patron saint festivities are held through out the region.

https://www.regmurcia.com/servlet/s.Sl?sit=c,369,m,1394

https://www.lorca.es/festejos.asp?id=124

https://www.cartagena.es/plantillas/14c.asp?pt_idpag=898

http://www.totana.es/ciudad/pedanias.asp?cate=12

Notable people in Region of Murcia
[...]

History of Region of Murcia
There has been presence of human beings in Region of Murcia since the Lower Paleolithic. In regards to the Middle Paleolithic, there is a noteworthy paleontological site named Sima de Las Palomas that is located in Torre-Pacheco municipality, in the southeast of the region. Bone remains of homo neanderthalensis have been discovered there.

During the Chalcolithic, the region was inhabited by people of the argaric civilization and that civilization endured until the early Bronze Age. A remarkable site is La Bastida, which is placed in Totana municipality, in the southwestern quarter of Region of Murcia. During the Middle and Late Bronze Age the people that were present in the territory were the Iberians and this civilization continued existing until the very early Ancient history, before the Romans took control over large part of the Iberian Peninsula. A noteworthy site of those people is Santuario Ibérico de la Luz, that consists in remains of a Iberian shrine.

The Carthaginians settled a town in the place of current Cartagena in the year 227 BC and established a permanent trading port on its coast. They named the town Qart-Hadast. For the Carthaginian traders, the mountainous territory was merely the Iberian hinterland of their seacoast empire. In the year 209 BC, the Romans, conquered Qart-Hadast. During the Roman period the territory belonged to the province of Hispania Carthaginensis.. which the Romans called Carthago Nova.

Although Carthago Nova was the most important place in Region of Murcia during the Roman era, those people were also present in large part of the territory. In the rest of Campo de Cartagena, there are remains of ancient villas. In the current municipality Mazarrón, they built a salt factory and they settled a little town named Ficaria. Remains of Roman dwellings also occur in Altiplano and Noroeste comarcas (a kind of regions).

https://www.regmurcia.com/servlet/s.Sl?sit=a,75,c,373,m,1871&r=ReP-7509-DETALLE_REPORTAJESPADRE

In the early 5th century, invasions from the suebi, alans and vandals started to take place in the Iberian Peninsula. The first people settled in Gallaecia province, in the northwest of the peninsula; the second people settled in Lusitania and Carthaginensis province and the alans in Baetica. Romans asked Visigots for help about recovering control in Iberian Peninsula and they would provide economic and territory wealths in return. The visigots defeated the alans and vandals and they escaped to North Africa. Consequently, Visigoths obtained a federated to the Roman Empire kingdom which occupied territory from Gibraltar to Loira River. In 476, the visigot kingdom became independent since the Roman Empire had disappeared.

Part of the south of the Iberian Peninsula was conquered by the Byzantines along with the emperor Justinian the Great in 555 AD and the province Spania was establised there. Part of the current Region of Murcia belonged to the province and therefore to the Eastern Roman or Byzantine Empire. The current comarca Campo Cartagena-Mar Menor (Cartagena, La Unión, Fuente Álamo, Torre-Pacheco, Los Alcázares, San Javier and Santiago de la Ribera), Mazarrón and the current Alto Guadalentín comarca (Lorca, Águilas, Puerto Lumbreras) belonged to that province.https://revistadehistoria.es/bizancio-en-spania/

In the early 8th century there was a dispute to succeed to the throne among some Visigothic clans. The king Witiza chose his son Agila to be his successor and the nobles of the court chose Roderico for the same issue. The people that were in favour of Agila, planned a conspiracy to overthrow the new king Roderico. They asked muslim troops for help and they would provide the muslims. The conquerors granted politic autonomy in return.

The Muslims started conquering the Iberian Peninsula in 711. The king Roderico was murdered and the Visigothic kingdom disappeared. Consequently, the moors conquered large part of Iberian Peninsula by leaps and bounds.

There was a nucleus of resistance in almost all the current Region of Murcia and the south of Alicante province and it was leaded by Teodomiro. In 713, he signed the Agreement of Tudmir because the resistance could not endure any more. The territory became to be under muslim rule and towns such as

The Carthaginians established a permanent trading port on the coast at Cartagena, which the Romans called Carthago Nova. For the Carthaginian traders, the mountainous territory was merely the Iberian hinterland of their seacoast empire. During the Roman period the territory belonged to the province of Hispania Carthaginensis.

There were towns that rejected to comply the treaty such as Qartayanna-Al halfa (Cartagena), Lurqa (Lorca) and Mula. There are also towns which governors accepted the treaty, but its inhabitants did not such as Aledo, Ricote, Uruyla (Orihuela) and Medina La-Quant (Alicante), (although the two last ones don't belong to Region of Murcia, they used to be part of Taifa of Murcia). In 1245, a Castillian army and a fleet that had came from the Cantabrian sea, entered in and conquered Qartayanna. Consequently, the rest of the resistance towns were also taken by the Castillians.

James II of Aragon broke an agreement between Castile and Aragon crowns about the territory for every kingdom and conquered Alicante, Elche, Orihuela, Murcia, Cartagena and Lorca from 1296 to 1302. As a consequence of that conquer, there was an agreement named Sentencia Arbitral de Torrellas in which Ferdinand IV of Castile and James II took part. What was stipulated in the second agreement was the return of territory to the Crown of Castile but the towns Cartagena, Orihuela, Elche and Alicante. In 1305 Cartagena was returned to the Castile. The kingdom of Murcia lost definitely the territory of the current province of Alicante. The territory of the current province of Alicante was definitely lost to the kingdom of Murcia. http://www.regmurcia.com/servlet/s.Sl?sit=c,373,m,1915&r=ReP-24921-DETALLE_REPORTAJESABUELO

The kingdom of Murcia was divided with religious manors, nobility manors and señoríos de realengo (type of manioralism in which the noble has the property, but the king has the authority to administer justice. The Crown ruled directly.

The kingdom of Murcia was adjacent the Emirate of Granada

In the early 16th century, the numbers of inhabitants increased in the Kingdom of Murcia. In the first third of that century, the Revolt of the Comuneros occurred. Some places that were supporting the revolt were towns in the current Castile and León and Castilla-La Mancha regions. In the Kingdom of Murcia, the revolutionary towns were Murcia, Cartagena, Lorca, Caravaca, Cehegín and Totana. The castle of Aledo was a spot for defending the Monarchy. In 1521 the Revolt of the Comuneros was defeated.

In the context of Ottoman–Habsburg wars, some isolated defensive towers were built in the coastal line of the kingdom. Places were the towers are located are Águilas, Mazarrón, Cartagena and Los Alcázares. there was a phenomenon named Rebellion of the Alpujarras

In the early 17th the king Philip III of Spain expelled all the descendants of muslims of the Crown of Castilla and the Crown of Aragon. The king Philip the V established three maritime territory divisions (departamentos marítimos), one corresponding to Atlantic sea in the north, a second for the coastal area of the Atlantic coastal area in the south of the peninsula and a third one for the coastal line of the Mediterranean. The capital of the third departamento marítímo was Cartagena since 1726.

During the 18th century there was relevant baroque artist in the Kingdom of Murcia whose name is Francisco Salzillo. He made carvings with religious imagery.

In 1807, Napoleon signed the Treaty of Fointenebleau with Spain to cross the peninsula in order to conquer Portugal. In the early 1808, Napoleon betrayed Spain and invaded Pamplona, San Sebastián, Barcelona, Burgos and Salamanca. The people from Madrid started an uprising in 1802. The inhabitants of Spain were summoned for fighting against the French invasors. The people of Spain established an organisation and groups of administrators were made up, they composed a politic organisation that was an alternative of the official one. The name of that groups was junta and there was one for each province. There were not much presence of French invasors in the Kingdom of Murcia and battles were also rare in the region. Nevertheless, there were soldiers from the territory who battled in other areas of Spain. In addition, the region became an strategy area for the traffic of troops, guns and supplies which destination was the east of the Iberian Peninsula or Andalucía. French troops attacked the Kingdom of Murcia in 1810. Most people who had posts of politic authority escaped. The French side, which came form Lorca, invaded the town Murcia on 23 April, and looted it on 26. The troops came back to the town in August, but the martial resources had been expanded and the French attack was averted. The French army occupied Murcia again in January 1812. It looted Águilas, Lorca, Caravaca, Cehegín, Jumilla, Yecla, Mula, Alhama de Murcia and the territory of Ricote Valley. Cartagena withstanded the French siege owing to its rampart and the help of English floats. The French side was definitely defeated in Vitoria (north of Spain) in 1814.

In that year,

In 1936, there was a martial uprising during the Second Spanish Republic era. The North African territories of Spain were taken on 17 July. The uprising was successful in Galicia, Oviedo, Álava, Navarra, a half of Aragon, a former province named León, a former province named Old Castile, Balearic Islands, a half of Extremadura, Seville, Canary Islands and Morocco. The rebellion failed in most Asturias, most parts of Basque country, a half of Aragon, Catalonia, a half of Extremadura, a former region named New Castile (in which Madrid was included), Valencia and Murcia. The partial success of the uprising brought on the Spanish Civil War. The province of Murcia supported the Frente Popular (governing party in that era). In Murcia, working militias surrounded the barracks of artillery. In Lorca, the working militias surrounded the Civil Guard (a police institution in Spain) station and arrested the leaders of Falange party in Lorca. Consequently, the mutiny plan of security agents and falangists (supporters of Falange party) was averted. In Cartagena, officials addressed the uprising in Base Naval del Arsenal. The sailors reacted immediately and detained a large quantity of officials. Frente Popular dismissed the major of the Base Naval because he was involved in the coup. The air-sea base of San Javier was a supporting spot to the martial uprising. The aerodrome of Los Alcázares was ruled by the Republic government supporters. The port of Cartagena became the main base of the Republican sided navy and was home to destroyer, cruise and submarine fleets. Thus, Region of Murcia was a geostrategic spot during the war. There were also anti-aircraft bases through out the region in order to defend Cartagena. The Region of Murcia was in a rear position and situation in regards to the war and overall it didn't receive attacks. The exceptions consisted in aviation attacks, specially to Cartagena and Águilas. However, all the large factories, the basis services and some properties were seized by trade unions and went under their rule. There was a impoverishment among the inhabitants and a lack of meal supplies. Consequently, the rationing was established in the territory.

During the Francoist Spain, the wine agriculture and economic activities raised in Altiplano comarca (north of Region of Murcia). An oil refinery was established in Cartagena in 1942. There was an economic growth in Spain in the 1960s decade. During that dictatorship there were people from Murcia who migrated to Catalonia. There were intentions of utilising the sun and beach tourism. Several spots were awarded with the status "National Tourist Interest" such as La Manga and Alamillo Beach in Mazarrón and the bay of the same town. There was an urban development in La Manga during the second half of the Francoist period.

https://digitum.um.es/digitum/bitstream/10201/21734/1/01%20La%20aportacion%20murciana%20al%20crecimiento%20poblacional%20de%20Barcelona.pdf

Ciudades que no acataron el Trato de Alcaraz: Cartagena, Lorca y Mula. Ciudades que aceptaron el trato, pero cuya población no: Aledo, Ricote, Orihuela, Alicante.

En 1245, el ejército castellano pone cerco a la ciudad con la ayuda de una flota llegada del Cantábrico. Y ese año consigue la rendición incondicional. Inmediatamente se instala en la localidad una guarnición castellana, y se expulsa a la población del recinto urbano.

Demography of Region of Murcia
Concentración en las costas.

Densidad de

Cartagena: 383,77

Los Alcázares: 774,42

San Javier: 427,16

San Pedro del Pinatar: 1115,73

Mazarrón

Águilas

Murcia: 513,98

Totana: 108,6

Moratalla: 8,61

[...]

Cartagena Festivities
Cartagena's Holy Week, declared an item of International Tourist Interest. The main activity that is carried out during these festive days are the processions (solemn religious parades). The ones that take place in Cartagena

Carnival

Cruces de Mayo: This festivity consists mainly in setting flowered Christian crosses with revere purposes. https://www.cartagena.es/plantillas/14c.asp?pt_idpag=898

Festivities in the districts
https://www.cartagena.es/plantillas/14c.asp?pt_idpag=898

Patron saint festivities: Different patron saints are venerated and different festivities are held throughout the municipality. There are activities that are more or less frequent in these festivities such as little processions (festive religious parades), romerías (a religious festive act that consists in a little procession where a statue of a virigin or Christ is carried and ends in a large festive people meeting at a isolated church) and dianas floreadas (martial music piece and act that is performed in festive situations),

Actividades frecuentes

romerías, dianas floreadas, processions, solemn masses, coronación de damas y de reinas de las fiestas

https://www.cartagena.es/detalle_agenda.asp?id=49007&pagina=1&c=&t=&d=&h= https://www.cartagena.es/detalle_noticias.asp?id=55292 https://cartagenadiario.es/fiestas-santa-lucia/ https://www.cartagena.es/detalle_agenda.asp?id=55462&pagina=1&c=38&t=&d=&h=

- James the Great patron saint festivity: Santa Lucía. 25th August

- Anthony the Great patron saint festivity: San Antonio Abad. First half of January.

- Los Llanos Virgin: El Algar. First half of September

Juegos florales en la Palma

Blessing of animals event / festivity

Human geography in Cartagena
The municipality has 24 districts, known as diputaciones (councils). The origin of this administrative structure has its date in the beginning of the 18th century when population was increasing and the municipality was becoming less tractable. The districts are:

[...]

Main sights of Jumilla
El Casón: This is a funerary vault which estimated date of its building is the 5th century AD.

Jumilla's castle: The hill where the castle is built was inhabited by people from the Bronze Age. In a later era, this was occupied by people when Iberian civilizations were present in large part of Iberian Peninsula, and specifically in the current municipality. In Roman Iberian Peninsula period, people also leveraged this hill. The last era in regards to this hill before the construction of the current castle is the one when large part of Iberian Peninsula was under Muslim peoples rule. They built a fortress in the 8th century, but they used unstable materials. The current castle was built in the year 1461 and its architectural style is gothic.

Cuco de la Alberquilla/ El Cuco de Zacarías:

Santiago Church

San Agustín Church: It is placed in the town end and locals conceive it as a border demarcator in regards to the town and the countryside. It was erected in the year 1570.

Santa María del Rosario Church: It was built on a muslim cemetery in the first half of the 15th century and it is placed in the town end.

Torre del Rico: This is placed in a village of Jumilla that has the same name and was built in the year 1573. This building was created with defense purposes.

Palacio del Antiguo Concejo: It was built in the mid 16th century

Santa Ana del Monte Convent: This was built in the year 1573.

San Roque Arch

San José Church: This was built in the late 17th century. Its architectural style is baroque with local special features of Region of Murcia.

San Antón Church: This was formed in the early 18th century and is placed in the town end.

San Salvador Church

Vico Theatre: This building was constructed in the late 19th century and its architectural style is eclectic. Modernist building: It was built in the year 1911

Geography of Jumilla
In this municipality there are several mountain landforms and probably the two most noteworthy are a mountain range named Sierra del Carche and another called Sierra de la Pila. Other geographical elements that are occupy the territory are three salt evaporation ponds. https://www.regmurcia.com/servlet/s.Sl?sit=a,56,c,567,m,2140

Sierras
Sierra de El Carche y Sierra de la Pila http://www.jumilla.org/municipio/MedioNatural.asp https://www.regmurcia.com/servlet/s.Sl?sit=a,56 https://www.regmurcia.com/servlet/s.Sl?sit=a,56,c,365,m,1753&r=ReP-3279-DETALLE_REPORTAJES http://www.murcianatural.carm.es/c/document_library/get_file?uuid=8a058a41-c58f-458c-ba23-302ef72cabe2&groupId=14 http://www.murcianatural.carm.es/c/document_library/get_file?uuid=1dde7b5e-3558-490c-9389-fe502a233e35&groupId=14 http://www.murcianatural.carm.es/c/document_library/get_file?uuid=1dde7b5e-3558-490c-9389-fe502a233e35&groupId=14<(p> http://www.murcianatural.carm.es/c/document_library/get_file?uuid=b1788502-4ca3-4799-807a-a53f43a810ad&groupId=14

Salinas
Salinas del Cabezo de la Rosa y Salinas del Águila http://www.regmurcia.com/servlet/s.Sl?sit=c,365,m,3027&r=ReP-29368-DETALLE_REPORTAJESPADRE http://www.murcianatural.carm.es/c/document_library/get_file?uuid=2a2747b0-ac5b-4b41-ad1e-e4e104810c14&groupId=14

Human geography
The inhabitants of the municipality are distributed in the following localities: Jumilla, La Estacada, Fuente del Pino, which is located in the northern half; Cañada del Trigo, which is located in the southeast of Jumilla; Torre del Rico, which is placed in the southeast of the municipality; El Carche, which is placed in the east of the territoty; La Alquería and Las Encebras, which is located in the southern half.

Festivities in Jumilla
Patron saint festivities

Wine rapes harvesting festivity

Holy Week

Moros y cristianos

National Festival of Folklore Jumilla Town

Sports in Totana
Another sport that takes place in a remarkable way in the municipality is the rugby with the 'Club de Rugby de Totana' (CRT). This association often participates in festivities of Totana, specifically in Saint Eulalia and James the Great patron saint festivities.

Artistic roller skating

http://www.totananoticias.com/galeria/14/706-iv-trofeo-amistad-de-patinaje-artistico Noviembre/ Diciembre - Trofeo Amistad - Fiestas Santa Eulalia

https://www.totana.com/reportajes/2015/06/iii-exhibicion-de-patinaje-artistico/

https://www.totana.com/noticias/2017/07/26-exhibicion-de-patinaje-artistico-club-patin-totana.asp 21 Julio

Cub rugby Totana

Fiestas de Santa Eulalia

https://clubrugbytotana.wordpress.com/

https://twitter.com/rugbytotana?lang=es

http://www.totana.es/noticia.asp?cat=17019

http://www.totana.es/noticia.asp?cat=15470 SE

http://www.totana.es/noticia.asp?id=18752 Santiago

https://www.totana.com/noticias/2014/11/10-el-club-de-rugby-totana-lider-de-la-competicion.asp

https://www.totana.com/noticias/2016/07/19-el-club-rugby-totana-cede-a-tres-de-sus-jugadores-para-un-partido-internaci.asp

Flora
[...]

Fauna
[...]

Demography of Totana
Totana (municipality): 31,630 ; Totana (town): 27,202 ; Lébor: 603 ; Raiguero: 261 ; Ñorica: 467 ; Paretón: 1500

History of Totana
This current municipality has been inhabited from the Prehistory, specifically from the Middle Palaeolithic, but during the Upper Palaeolithic Totana was already occupied by humans.

During the Chalcolithic there was also human presence. An evidence about that fact is a settlement which name is Poblado del Campico de Lébor. Archaeological remains in that area are mainly holes, which can have been silos, and stone implements such as arrow tips and sickles.

http://www.man.es/man/coleccion/catalogos-tematicos/archivo-bastida/JM-Santa-Olalla/Campico.html

In the Bronze Age there are noteworthy archaeological remains about a settlement of the Argaric civilization which name is La Bastida. There were people in that town from 1,675 BC to 1100 BC. Its maximum population consisted of 600-800 inhabitants and it took place about 1550 BC.

During the late Bronze people moved from the settlement because of a crisis which was caused by a lack of foodstuff for all the inhabitants of La Bastida. They started to populate a new settlement named Las Cabezuelas.

Remains about the Iberian era have been found in Las Cabezuelas. These consist mainly of ceramic objects and wall plinths belonging to little-sized rooms, with regular allocation and ordinary masonry.

https://www.academia.edu/37717305/_Las_Cabezuelas_de_Totana._P%C3%A1ginas_de_Historia

This arhaeological area has also remains about the Roman Hispania era. These are mainly ceramic objects and walls with opus africanum masonry.

[...]

The lack of geographic roughness, which could give defence to Totana, and the lack of structures for defence purposes, caused the village to be a dangerous place for living due to muslim raids. The locality was hardly populated during 14th and 15th centuries and people used it as a merchandising trade place.

Totana did not obtain the status of villa before the last years of the Reconquista. People started to exit the enclosed by a wall town of Aledo and move to plain lands, to the suburb of Totana from the year 1492.

During the last decades of the Low Middle Ages and the first decades of the Modern period, the number of inhabitants was growing and Totana was expanding. With the purpose of ceasing people to move to Totana, the major of Aledo forbided the house building in Totana except the buildings for labours. People did not take the notice of the order and even the major, councilors, wealthy people and the parish moved there during the following years.

In the Early Modern Period there was a new urban structure that was created and two new neighbourhoods were settled: Sevilla and Triana. In Sevilla, there were quite religious buildings and the paths to Murcia, Cartagena, Lorca and Mazarrón. In Triana, there were the salaried workers dwellings.

Throughout the 16th century several plague epidemics took place in Region of Murcia and it also had presence in Totana. The people of the town suffered famine and some unfortunate weather events.

The 18th century was a apogee era for Totana, as well as for Region of Murcia. Totana supported Philip II of Spain during the War of the Spanish Sucession. As Philip II got the crown, the town was awarded with the 'Noble' status in 1709.

Two new hydraulic structures were constructed. There were several aesthetic architectonical works such as the facade of the Parish Church of Santiago and a fountain named Fuente Monumental.

In the census of 1755, 2303 people were listed and 201 members among those people lived in Aledo.

In the year 1795 Totana and Aledo splitted and became two municipalities.

The first years of the 19th century consisted of misfortune for the inhabitants of Lorca. In the year 1802 a reservoir in Lorca got broken, and that caused. Six years after, the Peninsular War broke. However, Totana was not invaded by the French and young male locals battled in the front against the invaders. In the year 1810 an epidemy of yellow fever spread and it caused to die half of the population of the town.

During the mid-19th century the crisis began to be overcome in Totana. The agriculture of the municipality was expanded and neighbourhoods formed.

In a lesser way, the last third of the century was not prosperous for the town and there was high emigration among its inhabitants.

In the first years of the 20th century there was a man named Ángel Aznar y Butigeig, who was a politician, influenced in the fact that Totana was awarded the status of town by Alfonso XIII of Spain with a legal provision.

There was a large decrease in the population of Totana during the 1930s as a result of the lack of water.

As non-irrigated lands became irrigated and new products began to be grown, the prosperity returned to Totana. However, the Spanish Civil War took place (1936-1939)

After the postwar period, Totana experienced a high development during the 1960s. The town expanded to the south. Two new neighbouhoods were set because peasants from villages of Lorca migrated to the town. In the 1980s other new neighbourhoods came to existence.

Geography of Totana
Totana is located in the southeast quadrant of Region of Murcia. The municipality shares borders with Mula at its north, with Alhama at its east, with Mazarrón and Lorca at its south and with Lorca and Aledo at its west.

The Murcia pre-coastal depression or Guadalentín Valley stretches partly in the southern half of the territory. As this depression is traversed by Guadelentín River, that water bed crosses the municipality.

A geographic roughness which extents Totana is a mountain range named Sierra Espuña. This is part of the Baetic System.

http://www.totana.es/ciudad/geografia_fisica.asp

Sierra Espuña

Murcia pre-coastal Depression / Guadalentín Valley

Guadalentín River

Festivities in Totana
http://turismo.totana.es/fiestas.asp


 * Patron Saint Festivity: This festivity is consecrated to James the Great and it is held during July.
 * Saint Eulalia of Mérida Festivity: This festivity is due to the Saint Eulalia of Mérida, who a symbol of the comarca (Region) Bajo Guadalentín. This festive event starts on the last Friday of November and its ending day is different and dependent of the year - sometimes it is the second Sunday of December or the third . Activities and events that are currently taken out during these days are a race [on a day where the Constitution of Spain is commemorated]; contests, specially about pétanque, artistic roller skating; music performances, tours to the archaeological site La Bastida and chocolate tasting events.
 * http://datos.totana.es/descargas/534s-programasantaeulalia2019.pdf https://laguiaw.com/eventos/13461-programacion-fiestas-santa-eulalia-totana-2018
 * https://laguiaw.com/eventos/12071-programacion-fiestas-santa-eulalia-totana-2017
 * Holy Week: The Holy Week in the town is held in a similar way to other places in Spain, but there are some special features. One of them is that people wear a black tunic when they appear in processions.
 * Festive religiuos pilgrim (on 7 January):On 7 January, the statue that represents the Virgin Mary is carried back to the sanctuary where it was before it was taken out on 8 December. The statue is moved on a float throne.
 * Mark the Evangelist festivity:
 * https://www.totana.com/noticias/2017/04/27-celebramos-san-marcos.asp https://www.regmurcia.com/servlet/s.Sl?sit=&r=AgP-31934-DETALLE_EVENTO

Festivities in localities of the municipality
http://turismo.totana.es/fiestas_barrios_y_pedanias.asp

http://turismo.totana.es/diputaciones.asp

http://www.totananoticias.com/noticia/9533-se-presenta-el-programa-de-fiestas-de-barrios-y-pedanias-2018.html


 * El Tirol-Camilleri neighbourhood festivity: The cause of this festivity is Mark the Evangelist and it is held on 25 April.
 * Era Alta neighbourhood festivity:
 * San Roque neighbourhood festivity:
 * Lébor festivity:This festivity is consecrated to Saint Peter and is held at the weekend which includes 30 June. The festivity is opened with a rocket set off. Other activities are music group performances, a procession (festive religious parade) and the typical of the village fried egg contests. The finale action of the festive days is firework display with typical Spanish structure and procedure named 'castillo' (castle).
 * https://www.murcia.com/totana/noticias/2017/06/23-fiestas-de-lebor-en-honor-a-san-pedro.asp
 * http://totana.es/areas/noticia.asp?id=19842&id2=16
 * https://www.totana.com/noticias/2019/06/26-fiestas-de-lebor-en-honor-a-san-pedro.asp
 * Raiguero district festivity
 * La Ñorica district festivity: Unlike most villages and localities in general in Spain, La Ñorica has not its own patron saint. Therefore, there is not any patron saint festivities in contrast with many places in Spain, whose main festivities are patron saint ones. As Ñorica have not had traditional and historic celebrations, their event has recently been introduced.
 * La Huerta district festivity: This festivity is consecrated to the 'Virgin of the vegetable-patches' (Virgen de las huertas), in other words, it is consecrated to the Virgin Mary in facet in which she is related to the vegetable patches. The festivity takes place in a weekend that includes the 8th of September, or in the most closest to 8 September weekend. On the first day there is a procession (festive religious parade) devoted to the 'Virgin of the vegetable patches', next a mass is held. On the second day a verbena takes place. On the last day of the festive days there is a mass that includes a music performance of a local band and mass picnic event.
 * https://www.totana.com/noticias/2017/09/04-las-fiestas-de-la-huerta-2017-se-celebraran-este-fin-de-semana.asp
 * https://laguiaw.com/eventos/14473-fiestas-en-honor-a-la-virgen-de-la-huerta
 * https://www.totana.com/noticias/2016/09/06-las-fiestas-de-la-huerta-2016-se-celebraran-este-fin-de-semana.asp
 * https://www.murcia.com/totana/noticias/2015/09/03-las-fiestas-de-la-huerta-tendra-lugar-este-fin-de-semana.asp
 * La Sierra district festivity: The reason for the festivity is the tribute to Leocadia. It is usually held on the third weekend of September. On the first festive day there is a contest of a Spanish and Portuguese typical dish named migas and next there is a music performance. On the second day there is a procession (festive religious parade) and next a verbena takes place. On the last day, a 'paella', a mass paella eating event occurs. In some years special activities are also carried out in Sierra Espuña (a mountain range).
 * https://www.murcia.com/totana/noticias/2011/09/20-fiestas-de-santa-leocadia-diputacion-de-la-sierra.asp
 * http://www.regmurcia.com/eventos/38549
 * https://www.murcia.com/totana/noticias/2017/09/12-fiestas-de-santa-leocadia-en-la-diputacion-de-la-sierra.asp
 * https://www.totana.com/noticias/2016/09/14-fiestas-de-santa-leocadia.asp
 * https://www.totana.com/noticias/2015/09/11-fiestas-de-santa-leocadia-en-la-diputacion-de-la-sierra.asp

Notable people in Totana
Bárbara Rey (1950)

https://www.semana.es/galeria/barbara-rey-se-refugia-en-su-pueblo-natal-que-la-homenajea-tras-la-polemica/

Miguel Portán Noguera (1961)

https://www.regmurcia.com/servlet/s.Sl?sit=a,96,c,373,m,1935&r=ReP-22994-DETALLE_REPORTAJES

Ángel Aznar y Butigeig

https://www.totana.com/cgi-bin/General-Aznar.asp

http://dbe.rah.es/biografias/10638/angel-aznar-y-butigieg

https://www.laopiniondemurcia.es/cartagena/2017/12/03/angel-aznar-butigieg/880124.html

http://www.guardiacivil.es/es/prensa/especiales/centenario_virgen_pilar/El_General_Aznar.html

https://archivoweb.carm.es/archivoGeneral/arg.muestra_detalle_descriptor?pref_id=2401915&pid_ficha=1006&idses=0

http://www.ejercito.mde.es/Galerias/multimedia/revista-ejercito/2017/921//accesible/Revista_Ejercito_Accesible.pdf page 92

Justo Aznar y Butigeig

https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=6245136

https://www.laopiniondemurcia.es/cartagena/2013/05/21/justo-aznar-butigieg/470653.html

https://www.archivodemurcia.es/p_pandora/cgi-bin/Pandora.exe/18900710_cartagena_artistica_p_001.pdf?LOGPUB=Cartagena%2520Art%25C3%25ADstica;LOGYEAR=1890;LOGMONTH=07;LOGDAY=10;fn=commandselect;query=id:0001224900;command=show_pdf;msg_pagina=P%25C3%25A1gina;texto=Cartagena%2520Art%25C3%25ADstica%2520(Cartagena)%252010-07-1890.%2520P%25C3%25A1gina%25201;pagina=1

http://www.senado.es/web/conocersenado/senadohistoria/senado18341923/senadores/fichasenador/index.html?lang=ca_ES&id1=261

https://books.google.es/books?id=RKtozFOJSKIC&pg=PA35&lpg=PA35&dq=Justo+Aznar+y+Butigieg&source=bl&ots=Vd-cEiK62M&sig=ACfU3U2Oug5AlpGCEnVC9859nEoPPg75MA&hl=es&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjgj7KS0fPlAhUCAGMBHRW8Cik4ChDoATAMegQICRAB#v=onepage&q=Justo%20Aznar%20y%20Butigieg&f=false

https://books.google.es/books?id=kw052hpp5qQC&pg=PA235&lpg=PA235&dq=Justo+Aznar+y+Butigieg&source=bl&ots=HrKd9L_iHw&sig=ACfU3U3nxnPn-8QbT-3ZGdARWqZaQxHRHQ&hl=es&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjgj7KS0fPlAhUCAGMBHRW8Cik4ChDoATANegQICBAB#v=onepage&q=Justo%20Aznar%20y%20Butigieg&f=false

https://www.regmurcia.com/servlet/s.Sl?sit=c,373,m,1915&r=ReP-25383-DETALLE_REPORTAJES

https://www.laverdad.es/murcia/cartagena/diputados-cartagena-20191012003955-ntvo.html

http://www.cartagenaactualidad.com/efemerides-de-juan-manzanares-garcia-del-29-de-octubre/

http://sanjuancalifornio.org/?page_id=313

Localities in Fuente Álamo
Fuente Álamo: 9603, El Escobar: 457, Cánovas: 778, Cuevas de Reyllo: 1696, Balsapintada: 1848, El Estrecho: 450, Los Paganes: 107, Las Palas: 1449, Pinilla: 377, Los Almagros: 261

Fuentes: https://www.ayto-fuentealamo.es/un-paseo-por-pedanias/, https://www.regmurcia.com/servlet/s.Sl?sit=a,80,c,567,m,2140 , http://ine.es/dyngs/INEbase/en/operacion.htm?c=Estadistica_C&cid=1254736177010&menu=resultados&idp=1254734710990

Economy of Fuente Álamo
Probably, the most carried out economic activities are the farming growing and the agricultural package, distribution and selling arrangement. In regards to economy sector related to animals, the main activities pork cattle breed and pork cattle trading. To a lesser extent, sheep herd grew and sheep herd trading are done.

In the tertiary sector, an economic activity which is present is the land transportation by road, specially with lorries.

http://www.regmurcia.com/servlet/s.Sl?sit=a,80,c,373,m,1871&r=ReP-5855-DETALLE_REPORTAJESPADRE

https://guiaempresas.universia.es/localidad/FUENTE-ALAMO-MURCIA/

Notable people in Fuente Álamo
https://www.regmurcia.com/servlet/s.Sl?sit=a,80,c,373,m,1935 http://dbe.rah.es/biografias/26351/melchor-amate-hernandez https://www.ayto-fuentealamo.es/los-familiares-del-cabo-amate-se-reunen-con-el-alcalde/ https://www.defensa.com/espana/vicealmirante-aniceto-rosique-nieto-asume-como-almirante-jefe
 * Andrés Pedreño: (1910 - 1988): He was a poet of a tratidional south-east Spanish type of poetry which consists in improvisation of dialogued poetry with the acompaniment of folklore music named trovo. Unliked the usual in this kind of poetry compositions, his works lacked of guilefulness but spirituality was present in his poems.
 * Melchor Amate Hernández (1900 - 1983): Corporal in the Spain army. He received the Laureate Cross of Saint Ferdinand, the highest Spanish military decoration for gallantry because of an heroic act he done in 1924 in the context of Rif War.
 * Aniceto Rosique Nieto (1960-actualidad)

Festivities in Fuente Álamo
Patron Saint Festivity: The festivity takes place in the last days of August and is consecrated to Augustine of Hippo.

The festivity is opened on Friday with a pyrotechnic rocket propel (named in Spanish chupinazo). During the following festive days there are other kinds of activities such as Eucharists and solemn Eucharists; a religious parade (whose name in Spanish is procesión); events and activities aimed at children; temporary structures for children entertainment; music performances by musicians of mainly region area but also national area and of sundry kinds of music like flamenco, rap, pop, etc.; folklore exhibitions and activities; contests of several activities and games; food and drink tasting events, in some cases traditional food; etc.

Fuentes: https://www.ayto-fuentealamo.es/fiestas-patronales-de-fuente-alamo/, https://www.regmurcia.com/servlet/s.Sl?sit=a,80,c,369,m,1218&r=ReP-5918-DETALLE_REPORTAJES , https://www.ayto-fuentealamo.es/fiestas-fuente-alamo/

Festivities in villages of the municipality
Balsapintada Festivity:This festivity is consecrated to James, son of Zebedee. It is held on 25th July.

These festive days have the unsual characteristic in which each day is dedicated to an area (day of the women, day of the children, day of the youth, day of James the Great, and so on). The activities carried out in each day is related to the area.

The days of the festivity are Day of the children, Day of the youth, Day of the women, James the Great day, Day of the growers, Day of the lorry drivers, Coronation Day, Inaugural pyrotechnic rocket launch day, Day of elderly people, Virgin of El Rocío and floats day. The order of the themed days varies depending on the year, but there are some themed days whose position is steady: the Inaugural pyrotechnic rocket launch day, which comes in first place; the James the Great day, whose date is always 25th July and the Virgin of El Rocío and floats day, which is always in last position.

The festivity always starts with the event of a inaugural pyrotechnic rocket launch named chupinazo. In this festivity, like in Spanish festive days, there is a symbolic coronation (named in Spanish coronación) that consists in awarding the charge of 'maja' a noted position (usually available for girls) in which children a teenagers are dressed in a specific way and are put a sash in the symbolic coronation when receiving the charge of 'maja'. Other activities during these festive days are masses in honour of James the Great (saint patron of the village), religious parades (called in Spanish procesiones) in honour to the patron saint James, bicycle tours, manoever in lorry contests, pot and cake contests, parades with floats, troupes and ridden horses; gymkanas; squib launch and a typical Spanish pyrotechnic structure named castiilo as a festive closing event; etc.

Fuentes: https://www.ayto-fuentealamo.es/fiestas-patronales-en-pedanias/, https://www.regmurcia.com/servlet/s.Sl?sit=a,133,c,369,m,1218&r=ReP-10882-DETALLE_REPORTAJESPADRE , https://laguiaw.com/contenido/documentos/93783/programa-fiestas-balsapintada-2017.pdf , https://laguiaw.com/eventos/13036-programa-fiestas-balsapintada-2018 , https://laguiaw.com/eventos/14317-programa-fiestas-de-balsapintada-2019

Las Palas Festivity: This festivity is consecrated to Saint Peter and is held on 29th June.

During the surrounding days to the feast of Saint Peter, there are cultural and entertainment acts such as music performances and chirigotas (music performances with carnival-like, satire-humouristic critising nature). The same as Balsapintada patron saint's festivity, there are festive days addressed to a social collective (children, elderlies, women)

Fuentes: https://www.regmurcia.com/servlet/s.Sl?sit=a,175,c,369,m,1218, https://laguiaw.com/eventos/14262-fiestas-las-palas-2019

Cuevas de Reyllo Festivity: It is held on 7th October. It is consecrated to Virgin in her title of Our Lady of The Rosary, in other words, the Virgin Mary is held in a facet in which is related to a Catholic traditional praying named Holy Rosary (Rosario in Spanish).

Los Almagros Festivity: It is held during the first days of September. It is consecrated to the 'Virgen de la Luz', a title of the Virgin Mary. In other words, it is consecrated to the Virgin Mary in a facet in which she is related to the light (luz in English).

La Pinilla Festivity: This event takes place on 8th September and is also consecrate to the 'Virgen de la Luz'.

Los Cánovas Festivity: This event takes place during the first days of October and is consecrated to the patron saint of the Village Francis of Assisi.

Los Paganes Festivity:

El Escobar Patron Saint Festivity:This festivitiy is held on the last but one week of June and is consecrated to John the Baptist.

Las Cuadrillas Festivity: This festivity is held on 27th December and is a very ancient tradition. At first, a mass is held in El Escobar. Next, people in the village attend a dance event in which everybody dance. After that activity, a group of people are singing while they are traversing the streets of the village.

El Estrecho Festivity:

Campillo de Arriba Festivity:

Varios
Saura Martínez, Richard (2008). Montañas de Cartagena: Las 100 mejores excursiones. pp. 24–25. ISBN 978-84-612-0993-4.

Geography of Mazarrón
Laguna / Rambla de Las Moreras: https://www.murciaturistica.es/es/lugar_de_interes/gravera-de-las-moreras-4959/

La embajada
La embajada is a Spanish television series. The series was produced by the Spanish media group Atresmedia and the entreprise Bambú Producciones cooperated in it. Its first episode was broadcasted on 25 April 2016 and its last telecast occurred on 11 July in the same year.

The plot of the work is about the moral and the price that people have. There are also other topics in the program such as politics, corruption unfaithfulness, and tentation. All those issues appear in Luis Salinas' life when he is appointed ambassador of Spain in Thailand. Consequentently, Luis Salinas relocated in that Asian Country with his family.

Characters and cast
Luis Salinas, played by Abel Fol Claudia Cernuda, played by Belén Rueda Luis' secreatry, performed by Chino Darín Secretary's brother, performed by Maxi Iglesias

https://www.formulatv.com/series/la-embajada/

Tibi
http://www.ine.es/dyngs/INEbase/en/operacion.htm?c=Estadistica_C&cid=1254736177010&menu=resultados&idp=1254734710990

The name of Tibi comes from latin and it means "for you". This territory was populated with 1,564 people in the year 2018.

Enlaces
http://comunitatvalenciana.com/taxonomy/term/1334

http://comunitatvalenciana.com/donde-ir/ciudades/costa-blanca/tibi/naturaleza

http://comunitatvalenciana.com/donde-ir/naturaleza/paisaje-protegido-de-la-serra-del-maigmo-y-serra-del-sit

http://comunitatvalenciana.com/donde-ir/ciudades/costa-blanca/tibi/agenda

http://comunitatvalenciana.com/taxonomy/term/47156

http://comunitatvalenciana.com/taxonomy/term/13600

http://www.tibi.es/category/elmunicipio/ (Río Verde o Monnegre)

http://www.tibi.es/tibi-alicante-pueblo-a-pueblo/ (Río Verde o Monnegre)

http://www.tibi.es/impresos/urbanismo/08%20Memoria%20Plan%20Parcial.pdf (Río Verde o Monnegre)

http://www.tibi.es/impresos/urbanismo/73%20Estudio%20de%20Integracion%20Paisajistica.pdf (Serra del Maigmó)

http://www.tibi.es/impresos/urbanismo/05%20Estudiodeintegracionpaisajistica_Casadelmundo.pdf (Serra del Maigmó)

http://www.tibi.es/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/PLAN-DEL-PANTANOPLIF.pdf (Serra del Maigmó)*

http://www.tibi.es/pleno-ordinario-octubre-2017/

http://www.provinciadealicante.es/castillo-santa-barbara/ (Pantano de Tibi)

http://comunitatvalenciana.com/sites/default/files/ruta_13_200910_es.pdf ***

Geography
Tibi is placed on Serra del Maigmó mountain range.Tibi is placed on Penya Roja mountain range A river whose name is Monnegre traverses the municipality.

History of Tibi
During the period in which muslims occupied the Iberian Peninsula, this current municipality was governed by several kings. The castle that is located in Tibi was built in that era. The village belong to the Almohad king Zayt-Abu-Zayt until the year 1240 and then it was conquered by James I of Aragon.

In the year 1244 the Treaty of Almizra, which was a result of a pact between the king Alfonso X of Castile and James I of Aragon, was signed. A line that had a border function was traced and it demarcated the Crown of Aragon and the Crown of Castile. The border started in Biar, crossed Tibi and Basot and ended on the coast line.

James I of Aragon bestowed the territory to Pedro Sánchez de Lienda and his spouse Ixonis de Soler. The population of the hamlet consisted of 150 inhabitants in that era.

The manor Villa de Tibi and its castle was governed by several lords until the mid 15th century. Then, it became property of the head of the Marquisate of Villena, which was lord of a territory that extented from area of Jumilla (north of Region of Murcia) to Villena. In the early 18th century, the current municipality was owned by the head of Marquisate of Dos Aguas until its demise in 1717.

Festivities of Tibi
Patron Saint Festivities: This celebration is held from 20 July to 25 of the same month and it is consacrated to Saint Mary Magdalene.

The previous weekend to the festive days, there is tradition typical of Spanish festivities which consists in

On 14 July a sculpture that represents the patron saint is carried down from a little shrine of Tibi to a church. Then, people pay tribute to it. At the door of the church a music band plays the national anthem

On 20 July

On 21 July a celebration named L'Entrà is held. People carry cows from the river to the village. In the morning the cows are let loose and in the afternoon and the evening

22 July is the main day of the festivities. A mass consacrated to the patron saint is held. When it ends, the procession for strolling a float in which there is a representation of the patron saint through the main streets of the village and then carring it back to the shrine, is arranged. Then, a tradition which consists in placing a lot of flowers surrounding the statue which represents the patron saint and its name is Ofrenda de flores. In the evening there is cow loose let.

Danza de Reyes festivity

The name of this celebration can be translated as 'Kings dance'. It is held on 5 January, (the day when Twelfth Night is held).

Mig Any festivity

This celebration takes place on 20 January. There is a cow loose let in a square whose name is Plaça d'Espanya.

Main sights
Castle in Tibi This castle is located on a long shaped peak. It was built in the 10th century and it belonged to the Almohad dynasty until the year 1240. After the Christian conquer, it became owned by the Crown of Aragon

Reservoir in Tibi It is one of the most ancient work of water blocking and deliver in Europe

Río Cabe
http://www.turismo.gal/recurso/-/detalle/16875/rio-cabe?langId=it_IT&tp=1&ctre=9

http://www.turismo.gal/recurso/-/detalle/16875/rio-cabe?langId=es_ES&tp=1&ctre=9

http://www.turismo.gal/recurso/-/detalle/16875/rio-cabe?langId=en_US&tp=1&ctre=9

http://www.turismo.gal/que-facer/rutas-turisticas/ruta-da-ribeira-sacra?langId=es_ES

http://www.turismo.gal/recurso/-/detalle/16875/rio-cabe?langId=gl_ES&tp=1&ctre=9

http://deputacionlugo.gal/es/node/63327

http://www.deputacionlugo.gal/gl/node/65684

http://www.deputacionlugo.gal/sites/deputacionlugo.org/files/Documentos/0_7067_1.pdf#PAGE=45

http://www.deputacionlugo.gal/sites/deputacionlugo.org/files/Documentos/0_8143_1.pdf#PAGE=7

http://www.concellodapobradobrollon.gal/es/conoce-pobra-do-broll%C3%B3n

http://www.concellodapobradobrollon.gal/en/getting-know-pobra-do-broll%C3%B3n

http://www.concellodapobradobrollon.gal/sites/default/files/monforte.pdf

http://www.monfortedelemos.es/turismo/?q=es/riocabe

http://www.monfortedelemos.es/turismo/?q=en/rivercabe

http://www.monfortedelemos.es/turismo/?q=es/imagenes/riocabe

http://www.monfortedelemos.es/turismo/?q=es/noticias/2018/turismo/la-ciudad-de-monforte

http://www.concellodesober.com/amplia2.php?id=1

http://www.concellodesober.com/satiorxo.php

http://www.concellodesober.com/historia.php

Demography and Administrative divisions of San Pedro
[...]

History of San Pedro del Pinatar
[...]

During the Trienio Liberal and taking advantage of the just arrived liberalism, a process for getting an own local government was carried out and turn out in success but after this period, when the political system corresponding to the previuos politic regime to the French Revolution was instituted, the own local governmet was eliminated and the territory was part of the municipality of Murcia again. After the death of Ferdinand VII, the politican regime corresponding to the previous eras to the French Revolution was removed and the liberalism was reestablished. In the context of this situation, San Pedro achieved its own local government again on 16 September 1836.

Coastal Customs were set in San Pedro del Pinatar in the year 1857. In the year 1869, a law which eliminated the monopoly of the salty mines was presented.

In the first years of the 20th century some families related to the nobility spended the summer in the San Pedro del Pinatar. The people from Huerta de Murcia (a region in Region of Murcia that has the Spanish category of comarca) summered in that town.

The inhabitants of the municipality did economic activities such as fishing and agriculture. The activity related to land was hindered in that era because of lack of lands and the drought. There were attemps to attenuate this obstacles that consisted in lifting the water by waterwheels and water mills.

The activities on salty mines were among the main economic activities and a inexhaustible work source. Some mills related to salty activities were built in order to decant the water from Mar Menor to tha salty mines by using wind energy. Nowadays a few of them are still preserved.

In the 1960s a touristic rise began in the municipality and that led to a economic rise and the appeareance of many employments related to construction and service sector. There was an increase in population resulting from the improve of standard of living - The number of inhabitants double - In the year 1971 there were 6,637 people living in San Pedro and 20 years after the population of the town consisted of 13,000 inhabitants.

Geography of Fuente Álamo de Murcia
https://www.ayto-fuentealamo.es/situacion-geografica/

http://www.regmurcia.com/servlet/s.Sl?sit=a,80

http://www.regmurcia.com/servlet/s.Sl?sit=a,80,c,365,m,1753 This municipality shares borders with Cartagena at its south-east, Torre-Pacheco at it noth-east, Murcia at its north, Alhama de Murcia at its north-west and Mazarrón at its south-west. Approximately, half of its surface is plain and half has mountains reliefs.

A mountain chain named Sierra de Carrascoy occupies the North-West and other ranges whose names are Sierra del Algarrobo and Sierra de Lo Alto stretch its South. At its East more mountain reliefs such as the ranges Sierra de Las Victorias, Sierra de los Gómez and Pericón hillock.

Geography of Mazarrón
http://www.mazarron.es/es/cultura/conoce-mazarron/situacion-geografica/

Mazarrón is located in the South of Region of Murcia. This municipality borders Cartagena and Fuente Álamo at its east, Alhama de Murcia and Totana and its North and Lorca at its West. In addition, it adjoins the Mediterranean Sea at its south.

Localities of Mazarrón
[...]

History of Mazarrón
http://www.mazarron.es/es/cultura/conoce-mazarron/

http://www.regmurcia.com/servlet/s.Sl?sit=a,55,c,373,m,1871

http://www.regmurcia.com/servlet/s.Sl?sit=a,55,c,373,m,1871&r=ReP-3832-DETALLE_REPORTAJESPADRE

http://www.regmurcia.com/servlet/s.Sl?sit=c,373,m,2910&r=ReP-25335-DETALLE_REPORTAJESABUELO

http://www.regmurcia.com/servlet/s.Sl?sit=c,373,m,2910&r=ReP-25307-DETALLE_REPORTAJESPADRE

http://www.regmurcia.com/servlet/s.Sl?sit=a,55,c,373,m,1871&r=ReP-3833-DETALLE_REPORTAJESPADRE

http://www.regmurcia.com/servlet/s.Sl?sit=a,55,c,373,m,1871&r=ReP-3834-DETALLE_REPORTAJESPADRE

http://www.regmurcia.com/servlet/s.Sl?sit=a,55,c,373,m,1871&r=ReP-3835-DETALLE_REPORTAJESPADRE

http://www.regmurcia.com/servlet/s.Sl?sit=a,55,c,373,m,1871&r=ReP-3836-DETALLE_REPORTAJESPADRE

https://www.laopiniondemurcia.es/municipios/2013/12/20/inicia-declaracion-yacimientos-arqueologicos/522735.html

http://www.regmurcia.com/servlet/s.Sl?sit=a,55,c,522,m,1075&r=CeAP-2150-C_533_DETALLE_CENTRO

https://www.murciaturistica.es/en/monument/castillo-de-los-velez-291/

[...]

The municipality got into a decline due to the depletion of mining resources in the early 20th century. The decaying situation in which there were even famine spells, was very connected to the political and social situation of the whole country.

The crisis of the municipality has some symptons such as the decrement of the number of inhabitants - In the year 1900, 23,284 people were living there and 63 years after the number of inhabitants was 17,630. During those years, people in the village just tried to survive and foreing capital stop being invested in Mazarrón. This last fact emphisised the crisis.

Mazarrón began to leave the situation of recession because the economic activity was addressed to other areas and they would bring this territory its current characteristics. During the 20th century the society changed the economic activities from mining to agriculture, construction and tourism. The permanent closing of mining enterprises in this municipality caused a large quantity of unemployed people.

Main sights of Mazarrón
http://www.visitamazarron.com/es/que-hacer/cultura-y-patrimonio/monumentos-religiosos/

http://www.visitamazarron.com/es/que-hacer/cultura-y-patrimonio/monumentos-civiles/

http://www.visitamazarron.com/es/que-hacer/cultura-y-patrimonio/yacimientos-arqueologicos/

https://www.murciaturistica.es/es/patrimonio?buscar=si&localidad=mazarron&monumentos=si&museos=si&arte_rupestre=si&centros_de_interpretacion=si

http://www.regmurcia.com/servlet/s.Sl?sit=a,55,c,371,m,1071&r=CeAP-3181-R_54_DETALLE_REPORTAJES

Cabezo del Plomo Site: This is an archaeological site group and it is placed in a long-shaped mound. The origins of these remains are dated in the Neolithic and in the late Chalcolithic. On the top of the mound, a rampart and some circle shaped huts have been preserved. On the bottom of this rise, there are remains of a burial site with a tholos distribution.

Punta de los Gavilanes Site: The promontory Punta de los Gavilanes was occupied from Prehistoric times to Roman times. The main presence in Punta de los Gavilanes occurred during the first centuries in the 2nd millenium BC. Argaric people were who stayed at this place in the first era. Some centuries after there was Phoenician presence in this peninsular islet and they used it as a trade settlement. https://www.murciaturistica.es/es/monumento/punta-de-los-gavilanes-5619/

Phoenician Vessel Interpretation Centre: In the vicinity of a beach named Playa de la Isla the two most ancient Phoenician vessels in the Mediterranean Sea were found. One of these boats has received the name Mazarrón I and the only elements which have been kept are its keel, some timbers and some strakes. There is another boat whose name is Mazarrón II and it is almost entire.

https://www.murciaturistica.es/es/centro_de_interpretacion/centro-de-interpretacion-del-barco-fenicio-399/

Alamillo Villa: This archaeologic site group consists of an establishment, a water pond, remains of an aqueduct and remains of a villa. On one hand, there a part of this archaeological material is dated in the 2nd - 1st centuries BD (the establisment) and on the other hand there is material of the Roman Empire period (the villa, the pond, and the aqueduct). http://www.regmurcia.com/servlet/s.Sl?sit=c,522,m,165&r=CeAP-2261-C_610_DETALLE_CENTRO

Roman miliarium: A miliarium is a medium-heighted and oval or paralellepipied shaped colum that was placed in the edge of the Roman roads for signalling every one thousand of passus (Roman measurement unit). This one is placed in the town Puerto de Mazarrón. https://www.murciaturistica.es/es/monumento/miliario-romano-5625/

De la Calle Era Roman Domus: This former house has been dated in the 4th and 5th centuries AD. It was a single-family dwelling whose surface was 300 m2. It had a central courtyard and triclinium. https://www.murciaturistica.es/es/monumento/casa-romana-calle-era-5613/ http://www.regmurcia.com/servlet/s.Sl?sit=c,373,m,2910&r=ReP-25386-DETALLE_REPORTAJESABUELO

Roman Salting Factory: https://www.murciaturistica.es/es/museo/factoria-romana-de-salazones-80/ http://www.regmurcia.com/servlet/s.Sl?sit=a,55,c,371,m,1071&r=CeAP-1526-C_54_DETALLE_CENTRO

Vélez Castle: This fortress is located in the town centre of Mazarrón in a hillock.

Molinete Tower: This structure also has the name Reyes Católicos Tower (Torre de los Reyes Católicos). This is a circle-shaped lookout fortified tower which is placed on a hummock close Vélez Castle.

It was built in the year 1490

Santa Isabel Tower: This building was built in the 16th century. On one hand a reason for its settlement were the insecurity in this territory owing to Berber pirate entrances and attacks. On the other hand, this tower also enabled and facilitated fishing and agriculture activities.

This tower is located on a hummock in Puerto de Mazarrón. It is circle shaped in its bottom part and its body is slightly truncated circular. https://www.murciaturistica.es/es/monumento/torre-de-santa-isabel-5622/

San Andrés Church: This edifice was built from 1523 to 1549, but it was remodeled in the 18th century. Its architectural style is baroc, but this church has mudéjar frames. http://www.regmurcia.com/servlet/s.Sl?sit=c,522,m,162&r=CeAP-2368-C_716_DETALLE_CENTRO

San Antonio de Padua Church: This church is located in the foot of the hummock where Vélez Castle is built. The building was ordered to be built by the Vélez marquis (Marqués de los Vélez) and it was finished in last 50 years of the 16th century. https://www.murciaturistica.es/es/monumento/iglesia-de-san-antonio-de-padua-5617/

De la Purísima Monastery-Church: https://www.murciaturistica.es/es/monumento/iglesia-convento-la-purisima-5618/

Ancient Alum Factory: https://www.murciaturistica.es/es/monumento/antigua-factoria-de-alumbres-5626/

Mining properties of Mazarrón

Del Arco Aqueduct: Its building date is unknown, but this aqueduct is supposed to be constructed in the 18th or 19th centuries. https://www.murciaturistica.es/es/monumento/acueducto-del-arco-5609/

Ateneo Cultural: Any document about the date of its construction has not been found, but it is known that it had been already built in the year 1844. http://www.regmurcia.com/servlet/s.Sl?sit=a,55,c,371,m,1215

Towncouncil ancient building: http://www.mazarron.es/es/cultura/espacios-culturales-de-mazarron/casa-consistorial/ http://www.visitamazarron.com/es/que-hacer/cultura-y-patrimonio/monumentos-civiles/edificio-del-ayuntamiento/ https://www.murciaturistica.es/es/monumento/casas-consistoriales-5098/

Water supply entrance in Las Salinas: This architectural estructure is related to the salting activities. This building was constructed in the 20th century.

Sagrado Corazón de Jesús Sculpture: The creation of this statue was ended in the year 1924 and this sculpture was opened on May. It was crumbled during the Spanish Civil War (1936 - 1939) and restored in 1952. https://www.murciaturistica.es/es/monumento/sagrado-corazon-de-jesus-de-mazarron-5620/

Festivities of Mazarrón
http://www.regmurcia.com/servlet/s.Sl?sit=a,55,c,369,m,1218

http://www.mazarron.es/es/festejos/fiestas-patronales/

http://www.mazarron.es/es/festejos/romeria-de-bolnuevo/

Purísima Concepción Festivities
This festivity is held from 4th to 8th December. It is a patron saint festivity, which is consacrated to virgin mary in regards to her inmaculate facet. This tradition has its origins in the 18th century.

During these days there are groups of people who get together specifically through out the festivities and do activities related to the celebration (the Spanish concept of 'peña'). They prepare the events that will take place during these festive days and issues related to that such as the floats of the parades.

Besides the parade, there are other activities such as the election of the queen (a tradition in Spanish traditional festivities is choosing a female child or a female young girl who will have the symbolic charge of queen during the festivities), popular games, performances from locals, graffiti exhibitions, and some popular contests such as boules contest, pet contests, tennis competitions, soccer competitions, regattas, athletics contests, etc.

Festivities in the localities of Mazarrón
http://www.mazarron.es/es/festejos/pedanias/

[...]

Notable people of Mazarrón
[...]

Geography of Cieza
http://www.regmurcia.com/servlet/s.Sl?sit=a,78,c,365,m,1753&r=ReP-4396-DETALLE_REPORTAJES

History of Cieza
http://www.regmurcia.com/servlet/s.Sl?sit=a,78,c,373,m,1871

http://www.cieza.es/portal/p_25_final_Contenedor2.jsp?seccion=s_fdes_d4_v3.jsp&codbusqueda=111&&codMenu=125&layout=p_25_final_Contenedor2.jsp&codMenuPN=2

Demography of Cieza
34987 inhabitants

https://ine.es/dyngs/INEbase/es/operacion.htm?c=Estadistica_C&cid=1254736177010&menu=resultados&idp=1254734710990

History of Jumilla
[...]

In the mid-13th century, the king of the Taifa of Murcia Aben Hud was menaced by the Castillian troops and by the monarch of the Emirate of Granada Aben Almahar. The king of the Taifa of Murcia reached an agreement with the prince Alfonso X of Castile, who would be king.In this deal issues such as respecting the inhabitants lifes and possessions were agreed.

Alfonso X of Castile visited Jumilla when he was king. He decided to get the Church of Santa María de Gracia built and nowadays a part of the church is still preserved.

After the death of Alfonso X, there were dispuets for reigning. The Crown of Aragon took advantage of that situation - It broke out a war against the Crown of Castile and invaded the Kingdom of Murcia. Jumilla was conquered in the late 13th century or in the early 14th century. It was during under the Crown of Aragon Control era when the first historic document which adress solely Jumilla was written. The document was about demarcating lands and municipality with boundary markers.

In the mid 14 century, when Jumilla was under the Crown of Aragon power, this town became a border locality. As a consequence, Jumilla must have been ruled with a man having a iron fist. Consenquently, the inhabitants asked the king Peter of Castile for help in order to live in territory which belonged again to the Crown of Castile. Frederik of Castile, who was son of the king Ferdinand III of Castile, caused Jumilla to belong to the Crown of Castile again in the year 1357.

Two of the first important facts in Jumilla were the French invasion and the resulting Peninsular War. Jumilla plunged into the war and its inhabitants established the military defence junta.

Geography
This territoty is located in the northwest of the municipality. Its area consists in 7.30 km2. There is distance of 4.6 km from Llano de Brujas to the capital of the municipality (the city of Murcia).

History
More or less relevant human activities and presence were for the first time in this district from the 17th century. These phenomena were not previously because this area was a marshy territory which was scene of wetlands and it was flooded by the Segura River.

The wetlands of Llano de Brujas started to be dessicated by the first inhabitants of the place, who were farmers.

There is evidence of the existence of a hamlet which corresponded to the current village in the 18th century.

The development in the draining actions led the village and the territory to be considered a worthy place for living and the agriculture activities. As a consequence, there were 1,500 people lliving in this current district in the 19th century.

Distritos de Sant Cugat
Mira-sol: 14.774 habitantes (INE 2017)

Valldoreix: 8.272 habitantes (INE 2017)

La Floresta: 4.553 habitantes (INE 2017)

Les Planes: 1290 habitantes (INE 2017)

Festivities of La Unión

 * Semana Santa Minera (Mining Holy Week):
 * Virgen del Rosario Festivity: It is held on 7 October.

Festivities of Torre-Pacheco

 * El Pasico Festivity: This is a popular festivity which is held surrounding the El Pasico Shrine. The dates of the celebration are Easter Mondays.
 * Melon Festivity: The melon started to be grown in the early 20th century. A former mayor of Torre-Pacheco decided to establish this Melon Festivity in the year 1969.

Festivities of Nonduermas

 * Nuestra Señora de Cortes Festivity:

Etymology of Nonduermas
https://www.murcia.es/web/portal/historia31

Unlike other districts of the region (comarca) Huerta de Murcia and belonging to the municipality of Murcia, the arab toponym of the territory did not persist.

[...]

History of Non Duermas
http://www.regmurcia.com/servlet/s.Sl?sit=a,155,c,373,m,1871

A farmstead whose name is Tel Açaguer or Tell Açegir is theorized to exist in the last half of the 13th century in this current district. In that era, large part of the Iberian Peninsula was governed by muslim governments due to a muslim conquer of the peninsula during the 8th century.

During the Trienio Liberal (1820-1823), an own local government was established in Non Duermas.

There was a constant population growth during the 20th century in this territory.

History of Los Martínez del Puerto
https://www.murcia.es/web/portal/historia29

http://www.regmurcia.com/servlet/s.Sl?sit=a,144,c,373,m,1871&r=ReP-18783-DETALLE_REPORTAJESPADRE

[...]

In the years 1238-1243 the Muslim kingdom of Murcia was more and more compelled by the powerful kingdoms of Castille, Aragón and Granada. There was also a very unstable inner situation. The king Ibn Hud decided to vassalage Castille. Therefore, the Castillian and Christian kingdom and its king Alfonso X of Castile, took the power of the former Taifa of Murcia, which became the Kingdom of Murcia.

In this century, the origin of the village Los Martínez del Puerto occured. It consisted in the fact that a noble family surnamed Los Martínez got a medieval and modern-aged ownership rights and legal recognition of this kind of ownership named mayorazgo.

Los Martínez del puerto had its own parish building for its first time in the year 1892.

Main sights of Los Martínez del Puerto

 * La Chitina Country Estate
 * Lo Campuzano Shrine

Congosto de Valdavia
http://congostodevaldavia.es/index.php/municipio/informacion-general/

http://congostodevaldavia.es/index.php/municipio/entidades-locales-menores/

History
http://congostodevaldavia.es/index.php/municipio/historia/

One hamlet of this municipality whose name is Cornoncillo, has been related by several people with the military campaing of Ausgustus against the Cantabri.

Another hamlet of the municipality, Villanueva de Abajo, had its origin in a repopulation of the 10th century. A cementery of the Low Middle Ages a necropolis has been discovered in the locality.

In Congosto de Valdavia, there is also a parish church named Nuestra Señora de los Palacios, which has a Gothic origin.

Main sights
http://congostodevaldavia.es/index.php/turismo/lugares-de-interes/

Festivities
http://congostodevaldavia.es/index.php/turismo/fiestas/

Otros
http://www.valencia.es/ayuntamiento/catalogo.nsf/vDocumentosTituloAux/Estadistica%20Por%20territorio?opendocument&nivel=6&bdOrigen=ayuntamiento/jmpoblessud.nsf&lang=1

http://www.valencia.es/ayuntamiento/estadistica.nsf/fDocMapaImagen?ReadForm&codimg=CartoBarrios&lang=1&nivel=3&idColumnaApoyo=58FB3C7A3D56E414C1257DD40057EB6C

Geography of La Unión
The orography of this municipality is quite reliefly. This is due to the fact that part of Sierra Minera (a mountain range) occupies this municipality. The most important mountain of this territory is probably Sancti Spiritus.

I

Portmán Bay
https://www.ayto-launion.org/turismo/roche/

El Lastre Beach
https://www.ayto-launion.org/turismo/roche/

Sancti Spiritus
https://cartographic.info/espana/map.php?id=628573 http://www.regmurcia.com/servlet/s.Sl?sit=a,59,c,373,m,1871&r=ReP-5204-DETALLE_REPORTAJESPADRE

Playa de San Bruno
https://www1.sedecatastro.gob.es/Cartografia/mapa.aspx?tc=U&del=51&mun=16&huso=30&XminMapa=682664&YminMapa=4165776&XmaxMapa=694660&YmaxMapa=4173273

Cabezo de la Galera
https://www1.sedecatastro.gob.es/Cartografia/mapa.aspx?tc=U&del=51&mun=16&huso=30&XminMapa=682664&YminMapa=4165776&XmaxMapa=694660&YmaxMapa=4173273

Cabezo Las Lajas
https://www1.sedecatastro.gob.es/Cartografia/mapa.aspx?tc=U&del=51&mun=16&huso=30&XminMapa=682664&YminMapa=4165776&XmaxMapa=694660&YmaxMapa=4173273

Cabezo Roche
https://www1.sedecatastro.gob.es/Cartografia/mapa.aspx?tc=U&del=51&mun=16&huso=30&XminMapa=682664&YminMapa=4165776&XmaxMapa=694660&YmaxMapa=4173273

Cabezo Otahonero
https://www1.sedecatastro.gob.es/Cartografia/mapa.aspx?tc=U&del=51&mun=16&huso=30&XminMapa=682664&YminMapa=4165776&XmaxMapa=694660&YmaxMapa=4173273

Notable people in La Unión
https://www.ayto-launion.org/turismo/la-union/personajes-ilustres/


 * María Cegarra Salcedo: http://www.regmurcia.com/servlet/s.Sl?sit=c,373,m,1207&r=ReP-5239-DETALLE_REPORTAJESPADRE
 * Ramón Perelló: http://www.xn--espaaescultura-tnb.es/es/artistas_creadores/ramon_perello.html http://www.revistalaflamenca.com/reportaje-ramon-perello/
 * Santos Martínez Saura: https://elpais.com/diario/1997/12/27/agenda/883177205_850215.html http://cadenaser.com/emisora/2018/04/14/ser_toledo/1523695957_907051.html
 * Antonio Grau Mora: http://dbe.rah.es/biografias/54795/antonio-grau-mora
 * Juan Pujol Martínez: https://www.lavanguardia.com/local/madrid/20151222/30976303242/ayuntamiento-madrid-confunde-biografias-pujol.html

El Algar
There is archeological evidence of the human presence in this district in the Roman Hispania era. Fruit of that presence are some archeological sites of metallugircal-mining factories, agricultural and livestock areas, Roman villas, etc.

Perín
https://www.borm.es/borm/documento?obj=anu&id=405321

https://urbanismo.cartagena.es/urbanismo/GeoVisor?FOR=Page&Composicion=INFORMACION&Fondo=CARTOGRAFIA&CQEntidad=CULT.CARM_BCRC&CQValor=128&CQAdd=2

https://www.borm.es/borm/documento?obj=anu&id=395137

https://urbanismo.cartagena.es/urbanismo/GeoVisor?FOR=Page&Composicion=INFORMACION&Fondo=CARTOGRAFIA&CQEntidad=CULT.CARM_BCRC&CQValor=7&CQAdd=2

https://www.borm.es/borm/documento?obj=anu&id=459658

https://urbanismo.cartagena.es/urbanismo/GeoVisor?FOR=Page&Composicion=INFORMACION&Fondo=CARTOGRAFIA&CQEntidad=CULT.CARM_BCRC&CQValor=6&CQAdd=2

https://www.borm.es/borm/documento?obj=anu&id=397006

https://urbanismo.cartagena.es/urbanismo/GeoVisor?FOR=Page&Composicion=INFORMACION&Fondo=CARTOGRAFIA&CQEntidad=CULT.CARM_BCRC&CQValor=110&CQAdd=2

https://urbanismo.cartagena.es/urbanismo/GeoVisor?FOR=Page&Composicion=INFORMACION&Fondo=CARTOGRAFIA&CQEntidad=CULT.CARM_BCRC&CQValor=88&CQAdd=2

https://www.borm.es/borm/documento?obj=anu&id=395135

https://urbanismo.cartagena.es/urbanismo/GeoVisor?FOR=Page&Composicion=INFORMACION&Fondo=CARTOGRAFIA&CQEntidad=CULT.CARM_BCRC&CQValor=10&CQAdd=2

https://www.borm.es/borm/documento?obj=anu&id=432142

https://urbanismo.cartagena.es/urbanismo/GeoVisor?FOR=Page&Composicion=INFORMACION&Fondo=CARTOGRAFIA&CQEntidad=CULT.CARM_BCRC&CQValor=48&CQAdd=2

Los Puertos de Santa Bárbara
https://www.borm.es/borm/documento?obj=anu&id=382228

https://urbanismo.cartagena.es/urbanismo/GeoVisor?FOR=Page&Composicion=INFORMACION&Fondo=CARTOGRAFIA&CQEntidad=CULT.CARM_BCRC&CQValor=37&CQAdd=2

https://urbanismo.cartagena.es/urbanismo/GeoVisor?FOR=Page&Composicion=INFORMACION&Fondo=CARTOGRAFIA&CQEntidad=CULT.CARM_BCRC&CQValor=72&CQAdd=2

https://www.borm.es/borm/documento?obj=anu&id=416073

https://www.borm.es/borm/documento?obj=anu&id=415629

https://urbanismo.cartagena.es/urbanismo/GeoVisor?FOR=Page&Composicion=INFORMACION&Fondo=CARTOGRAFIA&CQEntidad=CULT.CARM_BCRC&CQValor=17&CQAdd=2

https://www.borm.es/borm/documento?obj=anu&id=408754

https://urbanismo.cartagena.es/urbanismo/GeoVisor?FOR=Page&Composicion=INFORMACION&Fondo=CARTOGRAFIA&CQEntidad=CULT.CARM_BCRC&CQValor=18&CQAdd=2

https://urbanismo.cartagena.es/urbanismo/GeoVisor?FOR=Page&Composicion=INFORMACION&Fondo=CARTOGRAFIA&CQEntidad=CULT.CARM_BCRC&CQValor=142&CQAdd=2

Otros
https://www.borm.es/borm/documento?obj=anu&id=414877 (Escombreras)

History
There are not any historical or archaeological remains about the inhabitance of humans in this municipality in the prehistory. However, there are habitancy of human presence in that period in close places such as the Cabezo Gordo hill in Torre-Pacheco and the salty coastal lagoon Mar Menor.

During the era of Roman presence in the Iberian Peninsula, the romans appreciated highly the territory of San Javier.The reasons for their highly thinking of this place are its climate and the Mar Menor, which made possible to develop a salting industry. Romans and Carthaginians left remains such as subacuatic sites (with pots, amphoras etc.) and the Roman road Via Augusta.

During the era of Al-Andalus (islamic occupation in the Iberian Peninsula), there were not many arabs or berber in this current municipality. But these muslim inhabitants a fishing structure and system named in Spanish Encañizada. They also habited close to this area in Los Alcázares, where there are remains of walls of that period and cisterns.

When the King Alfonso X of Castile conquered the Taifa of Murcia, the vicinity zones of the sea were populated only by some shepherds and fishermen.

The vicinity of the Mar Menor

The repopulation of the regions Huerta de Murcia and Región del Mar Menor, occured slowly and gradually from the XIII century to the XVI century. Some families obtained properties in the vicinity of Mar Menor, and toponyms of their lineages were applied: Lo de Tacón, Saavedra, Roda, Galtero y Aledo. As new population centres were appearing, new little churchs and chapels were being built. At the beginning of the XVIII century, one little church lead to appearance of the hamlet San Javier.

In the year 1809, the hamlets San Javier, Roda and La Calavera were populated with 428 people.

During the Trienio Liberal, some town councils were established in Huerta de Murcia and Región del Mar Menor and San Javier is one of them. When the Trienio Liberal ended, the town council of San Javier was annuled and it became district of the municipality of Murcia again. The town council of this territory was established again in the year 1836.

In the last 30 years of the XIX century this municipality was in a situation of economic poverty and this led the locals to migrate to Oran and to La Unión in order to work as farmhands or as miners. In the last years of the XIX century, the area was inhabited by 3,770 people. Half of the locals worked as farmer, and the other half as fishermen and artisans.

In spite of that poverty, some families became richer by buying and selling lands. A new middle class appeared and it consisted in country house administrators, businesspeople, mining business owners, moneylenders, farmers.

In the year 1888 the area known currently as Santiago de la Ribera started being populated.

In the year 1932 was founded the Naval Aeronautical School.

In the year 1943 the San Javier General Air Force Academy named Academia General del Aire was established. As this military institution was founded, a new neighbourhood named Ciudad del Aire was set too.

Geography
[...]

Cabezo Gordo
Cabezo Gordo is a hill whose height is 312 metres and it is located closed to the villages Balsicas, San Cayetano and Dolores (de Pacheco). It is part of the Baetic System.

History
[...]

https://www.borm.es/borm/documento?obj=anu&id=431908

Main sights
[...]

Nuestra Señora del Rosario Church Tower
[...]

http://www.torrepacheco.es/torre-pacheco/patrimonio/torre-pacheco-contemporaneo

Castle of Ros
[...]

http://www.torrepacheco.es/torre-pacheco/pedanias/balsicas

Casa Valderas
This recreation property was built in the last years of the XIX century. It is surrounded by vegetable gardens. Its architectural style is neoclassical.

http://www.regmurcia.com/servlet/s.Sl?sit=a,457,c,522,m,1075

http://www.torrepacheco.es/torre-pacheco/pedanias/roldan

Roman bridge
http://www.laverdad.es/murcia/cartagena/201405/28/casa-pedreno-inquisicion-20140528011916-v.html

La Unión
[...]

History
[...]

There was a resurgence in the Late modern period in La Unión and it happened specially from the year 1840. This resurgence was part of the mining activities dynamic of Spain.

One of the main consequences of this mining boom was the large increase of the population in this area. This increase in inhabitants had its origin in the waves of immigration coming from Andalusia whose people settled in the areas in Región de Murcia where there was more mining activities. The people who settled in La Unión came mostly from Almería.

[...]

In the 50s there was a economic and a mining improvement, as methods in use of mining came to this territory. Mining areas which had been neglected were reused and their residue materials were taken advantage.

The period of prosperity did not last long, and in the year 1991 occured the definitive closing of the mining areas. The exhaustion of the mining sources did not make possible the business to remain because it stopped being profitable.

In the 1980s La Unión gradually became a dormitory-town.

http://www.regmurcia.com/servlet/s.Sl?sit=a,705,c,522,m,1075&r=CeAP-7925-R_594_DETALLE_REPORTAJES

http://www.regmurcia.com/servlet/s.Sl?sit=c,522,m,165&r=CeAP-594-PORTADA_CENTRO_AMPLIADO

Main sights
[...]

Districts of Cartagena
The Spanish municipality of Cartagena has 24 ditricts named in this municipality diputación (literally translated as council). The 'diputaciones' of Cartagena have the origin in the XVIII when these districts became established. At the beginnig of this century there were 17 and they would be kept during all the century. The reason for the establisment of this land administration system and for this unusual name of these districts is that councils were established there due to the increase of population in that era and because the municipality was becoming less tractable.

https://archivo.cartagena.es/edadModerna_Despegue_SituPoli_detalle27.asp

GRANDAL LÓPEZ, Alfonso. Historia de Cartagena para principiantes, p. 284

Cartagena Casco
It is the capital of the municipality and the most populated area. In the year 2017 it was inhabited by 57,570 people.Cartagena Casco has historically been the area where the main locality of the municipality has been.

The inhabitants of this territory distribute themselves in these population centres: Cartagena, which is populated by 43,606 people, Ensanche-Almarjal with 6,104 inhabitants, Barriada Virgen de La Caridad with a population of 2,891 and San Ginés inhabited by 4,969 people.

Cartagena Casco was populated by the Iberian people and a Iberian hamlet was settled. However, this area hadn't been relevant before the arrival of Carthaginian people (227 BD).

The Cartaginian people settled there the city Qart-Hadast. They attributed also the status of capital to this locality and provided it with typical buildings and frameworks of a city with that status.

There was a war named Second Punic War. In this war, combats and battles took place in Qart-Hadast from the year 211 BD to 209 BD. In 209 BD, Roman armies lead by Scipio Africanus conquered the city.

Scipio caused this city, Cartago-Nova, to be the centre of diplomatic relationships among the Roman authorities and the iber and celtiber people.

Cartago-Nova was awarded with the status of colonia in the I BD century. The city was completely romanized in this era. It had an importance and an apogee that would not ever reach from the this century to II AD.

In the last years of this century the Roman Theatre was built. An amphitheatre was also built in this era.

During the Migration Period in Ancient Roman civilization, Carthago-Nova appealed the vandals. This people were in the city in the year 425, when they were going to Africa. They attacked it, but the did not cause serious ravages there. Shortly after that, the emperor Majorian gathered a large fleet for evicting the vandals.

Once that the Roman empire had disappeared, there was a political uncertainty in Carthago-Nova, in the era when the Visigoths controlled almost all the Iberian Peninsula. This uncertainty did not last long because the Byzantine emperor Justinian sended two armies. One army was sent in the year 552 and the other one was sent the following year to Hispania.

The emperor got a coastal strip whose area is unkown, but the borders could be the Strait of Gibraltar in the West and Cap de la Nau (Valencia) in the East. Balearic Islands were also part of the conquered territory. This area became a province of the Byzantine Empire and Cartagena became its capital due to its strategic emplacement and its port.

In the year 612, the Visigothic king performed a succesfull offensive against the territories which still belonged to Byzantium, but he did not succes conquering Cartago Spartaria. It would be conquered by his successor Suintila in the years 621-624. There were some attemps for recovering the town but they turn out to be unsuccesfull.

From the VIII century the Visigothic kingdom was debilitated, impoverish and in a civil war. People from the North of Africa take place. Their political and religious cohesions led them to an advantadged situation in contrast to the uncohesioned visogoths.

The chief of the military forces in Africa sent Musà Ibn Nusayr in the year 711 for helping the visigothic side of Witiza. Once that they had defeated Roderico, there was not any seriuos obstacle for the muslims, and in the year 713 the sobereignity of the caliph on the new province of the Islamic empire was proclaimed.

Cartagena did not put up resistance owing to its lack of relevance in that era.

This locality could not be considered as a town from the VIII century to the XI. When the islamic invasion took place, just few hundreds of people lived there. They dwelled the ruins close to the port.

In the XII century the political and economic rise in Murcia and the decline in Almería, led to more relevance in Qartayanna. In the first years of the XIII this town reached its.

In the years 1238-1243 the muslim kingdom of Murcia was more and more compelled by the powerfil kingdoms of Castille, Aragón and Granada. There was also a very unstable inner situation. The king Ibn Hud decided to vassalage Castille.

On april 1243 the Treaty of Alcaraz in which sovereignity of Castille was recognized was signed. As the treaty included all the kingdom, the town that refused to comply with it, such as Qartayanna, were considered as rebel. This led the Castillian prince to be willing to conquer this town, but he had to previously conquer Orihuela and other localities, so he left Qartayanna alone due to the lack of resources and time.

In the year 1245, the Castillian army enclosed Qartayanna with the help of a fleet from the Cantabrian Sea. In that year they got the inconditional surrender. Shortly after, they set a Castillian garrison and expelled the inhabitants of Qartayanna.

Some decades after, the king Alfonso X of Castile decided to use the port of Cartagena as a base to increase the trade relationships of Castile with the West Mediterranean and as a base for his project to expand the kingdom in North Africa.

In the Early modern period there were more and more information about this town.

After a period of decline in the population due to the troucled and uncertain situation in Cartagena, this town was home of a recover of population, but the number of inhabitatns were not higher than 1,500 in the XV century. This increase in population was larger in the following century.

The defence system of Cartagena in the XVI century consisted of a wall and a castle. Both had precarious states.

In regards to the military field, the area of the port and of the ancient coastal lagoon Mandarache were boosted. The construction of the arsenal ended in the year 1782. Another construction action was to complete the protection jobs that were in the port. The was carried out in the 1750s decade. Some batteries and forts were added.There is a project for enclosing the town in the year 1765, building castles over the hills was also projected.

Owing to the prosperity of the mining activities in La Unión, the owners of the mines got sumptuous dwellings. This led to the construction of housing in the area considered as the town centre. New artistic movements such as the Art Nouveau were put on on the some buildings.

This high dedication in the architecture was just not applied in private housing, but also in public buildings such as the Palacio consistorial, the Railway station of Cartagena, and the Basilica of La Caridad.

In the last years of the XIX century Casa Pedreño, Casa Aguirre and Casa Cervantes. In the first decade of the following century, Casa Dorda and Casa Zapata were built.

set there a logistical centre.

http://www.ine.es/dyngs/INEbase/es/operacion.htm?c=Estadistica_C&cid=1254736177010&menu=resultados&idp=1254734710990

San Antonio Abad
It is the second most populated area in this municipality with a population of 44,661 habitants. It is located in the North and the East of Cartagena Casco and encloses it due to its unusual shape.

In this district there are the following population centres: San Antonio Abad whose population is 24,260, Barrio de Peral inhabited by 15,454 people; Urbanización Mediterráneo populated by 5,699 people; Barrio de la Concepción, where 4,497 people live; Urbanización Nueva Cartagena, where 3,457 people live; Urbanización Media Sala, whose population is 1,612; Barriada de Villalba with 943 inhabitants

The first documentary sources about this district were found in the year 1530.

In the XVIII century many jobs related to military such as the building of the arsenal were carried out in Cartagena. This caused an increase in the population of the city and the municipality. This fact led to waves of inmigrants to settle to neighbourhoods outside of the walled city of Cartagena such as La Concepción and San Antón (areas of this dsitrict).

These neighbourhoods did not appear at the same time and their origins are differents, but their development in population were very related to the fact the were not space enough for the inhabitants of Cartagena. San Antón had been already populated from the XVII because of cultivated lands whereas the neighbourhood of La Concepción appeared of this phenomenon and it is related to the activities in the port.

During the Peninsular War a French army entered from Andalucía in the Region of Murcia. Their goal was to destroy the Spanish army which stayed in this region and conquer Cartagena. The reaction of this by the authorities of Cartagena was to destroy buildings in order to avoid the French army to protect itself in them. The naighbourhood of La Concepción was devastated almost completely – 488 buildings were demolished.

In the last years of the XIX century and in the first years of the XX century, housing was built in order to settled new population. The neighbourhood of La Concepción enlarged, San Antón also did. A new neighbourhood named Los Molinos appeared in that era.

GRANDAL LÓPEZ, Alfonso''. Historia de Cartagena para principiantes'', p. 244

GRANDAL LÓPEZ, Alfonso''. Historia de Cartagena para principiantes'', p. 262

GRANDAL LÓPEZ, Alfonso. Historia de Cartagena para principiantes, p. 291 - p. 292

GRANDAL LÓPEZ, ''Alfonso. Historia de Cartagena para principiantes'', p. 332

El Plan
This district has a population of 36,018 habitants and it's the third most populated area.

The inhabitants of this district live in the following localities: Los Dolores with 7,672 inhabitants, El Plan, where 7,497 people live; Polígono de Santa Ana, which is populated by 7,162 people; Los Barreros, whose population is 6,927; La Baña, with a population of 5,628; Los Gabatos, where 5,581 people live; Barriada Hispanoamérica, which is inhabited by 3,872 people; Barriada Cuatro Santos, where 2,598 people live; Castillitos with a population of 1,482 and La Guía, which is inhabited by 115 people.

The name of this territory comes from the catalan 'pla' which means 'plain'.

The first documentary source about this district appears in the year 1683.

GRANDAL LÓPEZ, Alfonso. Historia de Cartagena para principiantes

Rincón de San Ginés
There are 9891 habitants in this districts. This area is located in the South-East of Cartagena and therefore in the extreme South-East of Región de Murcia and Península Ibérica.

The people residing in this territory live in the following localities: Los Belones, with a population of 2,304; La Manga del Mar Menor, where 2,087 people live; Cabo de Palos, with 1051 inhabitants; Los Nietos, whose population is 959; Playa Honda, whose population is 933; Cala Reona, where 701 people live; Cala Flores, inhabited by 689 people; Atamaría, whose population is 360; Los Nietos Viejos, inhabited by 201 people; Barracas, with a population of 176; Islas Menores, with 106 inhabitants; Cobaticas, where 45 people live

Rincón de San Ginés has a border with the Mediterranean sea and with a coastal salty lagoon named Mar Menor. In Rincón de San Ginés is also placed a Regional park whose name is Regional Park of Calblanque.

There is paleonthological evidence that this district was inhabited during the Lower Paleolithic. Some remains are located in the cave Cueva de los Mejillones.

In the Middle years of the XVI century there was a defensive tower equipped with artillery in Cape Palos.

Cape Palos was uninhabitated before the year 1865 when the lighthouse was built. Some fishermen who came from Alicante, Mazarrón, and Almería had begun to stay for long spells in this territory. During the twenty-five last years of the XIX century these fishermen settled and built their lowly housing.

In Los Nietos there was a spa, with rooms, a restaurant, halls with a piano, etc. next to the fishermen housing in the year 1900. The people who went to that spa were families with high purchasing power from Cartagena, La Unión and Murcia. Numerous festive and cultural ceremonies were arranged in that beach in summer.

From the decado of the 1960s the massive tourism took place in the municipality Cartagena and the Estate promoted it. A tourist centre was set in Playa Honda and other one in La Manga from 1966 to 1969.

GRANDAL LÓPEZ, Alfonso. Historia de Cartagena para principiantes. p.35

GRANDAL LÓPEZ, Alfonso. Historia de Cartagena para principiantes. p. 171

GRANDAL LÓPEZ, Alfonso. Historia de Cartagena para principiantes, p. 338

GRANDAL LÓPEZ, Alfonso. Historia de Cartagena para principiantes, p. 338

GRANDAL LÓPEZ, Alfonso. Historia de Cartagena para principiantes, p. 364

https://www.borm.es/borm/documento?obj=anu&id=385005

http://www.regmurcia.com/servlet/s.Sl?sit=c,522,m,165&r=CeAP-592-PORTADA_CENTRO_AMPLIADO

Canteras
There are 10,285 habitants in this district. It has a border with Cartagena Casco at the South-East. It also adjoins the Mediterranean Sea in its South.

The inhabitants of this district distribute themselves in these localities: Canteras, whose population is 4,530 people; Los Patojos, where 4092 people live; Tentegorra, with 706 inhabitants; Los Garcías, where 648 people live; Los Díaz, with a population of 245 and Algameca, whose population is 64.

Its name is the translation of the word quarry and it has its origin in the presence of sandstones quarrys which were expoilt during the presence of Rome on Spain and in the XVIII century.

El Algar
This district has a population of 7847 habitants. It is located in the East of the municipality Cartagena and it has borders with Mar Menor also at the East.

The inhabitants of this territories are distributed in the following population centres: El Algar, with 5,505 inhabitants; Las Lomas, where 1,484 people live Los Urrutias, whose population is 802; Los Ruices, with a population of 13 and Los Rizos, where there are 5 inhabitants.

In this area there was the presence of the Iberian people and of people in the Ancient Rome, and there are archaelogical remains about that fact. There are also historical researches of the municipality of Cartagena which show that during Islamic Spain (Al-Andalus, 711-1492) there were farmseteads. In fact, the name of El Algar comes from the Arab and means 'hollow' or 'cave'.

El Algar - Historia de El Algar - Región de Murcia Digital GÓMEZ VICAINO, Juan Antonio Pueblos de Cartagena: Diputaciones del Municipio, Historia y Patrimonio

Santa Lucía
This district has a population of 6,874 habitants. This area has a border with Cartagena Casco at the South East of the capital district. Santa Lucía also adjoins the Mediterranean Sea at its South.

The inhabitants of this territory live in the following localities: Santa Lucía, where 3,335 people live; Los Mateos, whose population is 2,097 and Lo Campano, with a population of 1,448.

The main population of this area, also named Santa Lucía, was set during the era of Roman Hispania. There was also a cemetery and a sanctuary which was consecrated to Jupyter.

Nevertheless,it became a deserted town after the destruction and the desolation committed by the Vandals.

In the XVII century the battery of Trincabotijas was built.

During the XVIII military jobs such as the building of the arsenal were carried out. That caused an increase in the population of Cartagena due to the inmigration. Waves of inmigrants had to settle in neighbourhoods outside the walled town of Cartagena because of the lack of space. One area in which these inmigrantes settled was Santa Lucía. The new population of this area was quite related with the building of the arsenal.

There were music and dance shows in the charge of Spanish and foreign companies in the XVIII century. There were also theatre performances by professional people and amateurs.

The Valarino family built a glass factory in the year 1834 in this district.

During the second twenty-five years of the XIX century lead deposits were found in Sierra Almagrera (a mountain system in Almeria). As exporting raw minerals was forbidden, factories related to the lead were built. The municipality of Cartagena benefitid with that fact and the Franco-Española foundry was built in Santa Lucía in the year 1842.

During the first years of the 70s the population centre Lo Campano appeared.

Grandal López, Alfonso Historia de Cartagena para principiantes (página 70)

GRANDAL LÓPEZ, Alfonso. Historia de Cartagena para principiantes. p. 172

Pueblos de Cartagena: Diputaciones del Municipio, Historia y Patrimonio

http://www.regmurcia.com/servlet/s.Sl?sit=a,312,c,373,m,1871&r=ReP-10101-DETALLE_REPORTAJESPADRE

GRANDAL LÓPEZ, Alfonso. Historia de Cartagena para principiantes, p. 244

GRANDAL LÓPEZ, Alfonso. Historia de Cartagena para principiantes, p. 265

GRANDAL LÓPEZ, Alfonso. Historia de Cartagena para principiantes, p. 282

GRANDAL LÓPEZ, Alfonso. Historia de Cartagena para principiantes, p. 294

GRANDAL LÓPEZ, Alfonso. Historia de Cartagena para principiantes, p. 306, p.307

GRANDAL LÓPEZ, Alfonso. Historia de Cartagena para principiantes, p. 373

La Palma
In this district inhabit 5,697 people. It is located in the north of the municipality.

The inhabitants of this area are distributed in the following population centres: La Palma, where 3,655 people live; La Aparecida with 1,122 inhabitants; Fuente Amarga, with a population of 246; Los Balanzas, where 191 people live; Los Salazares, whose population is 142; Los Carriones, inhabitated by 118 people; Los Conesas, where 103 people live; Los Palma de Arriba, whose population is 69 and Lo Campero, where 51 people live.

The first documentary sources about this area have their origin is a result of the arrival of ranchers to a well that was surrounded by palms trees. There are also documentary sources about the presence of thirteen housesin the year 1561 and 19 years later there was also existance of a small sanctuary in the year 1580.

In the last years of the XVII century the parrish of La Palma was established.

GRANDAL LÓPEZ, ''Alfonso. Historia de Cartagena para principiantes'', p. 241

Pozo Estrecho
In this district inhabit 5,042 people. It is located in the North of the municipality and has borders with La Aljorra in the Esat and with La Palma in the West.

The people of this area distribute themselves in the following localities: Pozo Estrecho, where 4,527 people live; La Rambla, whose population is 152; Las Lomas, where 150 people; live; Los Sánchez, whose population is 141 and Los Roses, with a population of 72.

The first documentary source about this area has it origins in the year 1515. The document was related to a distribution of public lands.

The Spanish economical crisis in the XVII century led to decline in urban economic activities. This decline led people of the city of Cartagena to a exodus to the country areas. That phenomenon is the cause of the appearance of standing out villages among the dispersed urban nucleus. Speciphic manifestations this fact were the appearance of villages such as Pozo Estrecho and La Palma.

In the last years of the XVII century the parrish of Pozo Estrecho was established.

There was a theatre avoidable for Pozo Estrecho from the year 1857.

GRANDAL LÓPEZ, Alfonso. Historia de Cartagena para principiantes. p, 219

GRANDAL LÓPEZ, Alfonso, Historia de Cartagena para principiantes, p. 241

GRANDAL LÓPEZ, ''Alfonso. Historia de Cartagena para principiantes'', p. 339

La Aljorra
There are 4970 habitants in this district. It is located in the extreme North-West of the municipality.

The inhabitants of this area live in the following localities: La Aljorra, with 4,434 inhabitants; Los Navarro, where 98 people live; Los Nicolases, with 89 inhabitants; Los Carrascosas, inhabited by 72 people; Los Nietos, whose popularion is 61; Río Seco, where 50 people live; Torre Calín, whose population is 38 and Los Nietos, with a population of 23

The name of this area comes from the arabic al-Hurra, which means 'the free woman', 'born in a good social condition', 'not slave'. It was probably a given name of a farmstead owner.

Archeological remains of the Argaric culture were found in this territory.

There were little presence of the Romans in this territory during the Ancient Roman era. There are some archeological remains such as ancient roman pottery lamps, ceramic remains, coins, etc neighbouring a ravine named Rambla del Saudillo.

GRANDAL LÓPEZ, Alfonso, Historia de Cartagena para principiantes, p. 46

http://www.regmurcia.com/servlet/s.Sl?sit=a,318

http://www.regmurcia.com/servlet/s.Sl?sit=a,318,c,373,m,1871&r=ReP-13368-DETALLE_REPORTAJESPADRE

La Magdalena
Its population is 3877 people.

The inhabitants of this district live in the following population centres: Molinos Marfagones, with 2,702 inhabitants; Los Segados, populated by 308 people; Pozo Los Palos, with a population of 200 inhabitants; Cuesta Blanca de Abajo, whose population is 140; La Magdalena, where 130 people live; El Palmero, with a population of 125; Los Carriones, populated by 118 people; San Isidro, whose population is 116; Los Castillejos, where 94 people live and Los Simonetes, inhabited by 26 people.

There are few historical references about this district and about its hamlets and villages. The first documental references have their date in the year 1683.

http://www.regmurcia.com

Alumbres
The population of this district is 3403 habitants.

The inhabitants of this territory are distributed in the following localities: Alumbres, where 1,955 people live; Vista Alegre, populated by 1,136 people; Barranco, with a population of 84 inhabitants; El Porche, where 63 people live; El Ferriol, inhabitated by 9 people and El Gorguel, whose population is 2.

In this region there was presence of iberian, they established there for taking advantage for resources as esparto glass. In this district there are also archaelogical remains of the Ancient Roman people during the Roman Hispania (207 BD- 476 AD)

This village rose up in the first years of the XVI century and developed in the XVII century.

On June 1558 eighteen Turkish people who arrived in eight galiots disembarked in Cape Palos and arrived to Alumbres. They plundered the hamlet and took all the inhabitants.

This hamlet and its developoment were very related to the mining activities of the alum (whose word in Spanish 'alumbre' is the reason for its name). En 1560 there were 250 people living, but when the alum mining declined, this locality losed population rapidly because it was in a risky place related to plunder attacks. In 1587 Alumbres had 150 inhabitants. In the year 1599, when the alum mining had been during a lot of time.

In the last years of the XVII the parrish of Los Alumbres was established.

GRANDAL LÓPEZ, Alfonso, Historia de Cartagena para principiantes, p. 178

GRANDAL LÓPEZ, Alfonso, Historia de Cartagena para principiantes, p. 168

GRANDAL LÓPEZ, Alfonso, Historia de Cartagena para principiantes, p. 241

In spite of the fact that there was presence of Roman people during the Roman Hispania, as archaelogical remains show, Alumbres began to be a population and to develop as that from the

Albujón
The population of this district is 2,918 habitants. This area has a border with La Aljorra in the South-East.

The inhabitants of this territory live in the following localities: Albujón, whose population is 1991; Las Lomas, with 508 inhabitants; La Mina, where 164 people live; Esparragueral, populated with 154 people and Las casas, with a population of 95.

The most accepted theory about the name of this district is that it comes from the arab al-borx, which means 'small tower' or 'small fort'. There are documentary sources about the use of the water of the rambla of Albujón and in the ear 1509 it was used by some farmers.

During the War of Spanish Succession, there was a combat in which took part the bourbonic soldiery and the soldiers of the archduke Charles IV. This combat took place the 8th of September 1706.

GÓMEZ VIZCAÍNO, Juan Antonio ''Pueblos de Cartagena: Diputaciones del Municipio, Historia y Patrimonio ''

San Félix
In this disrict inhabit 2,698 people.

The people living in this territory are distributed in the following population centres:La Vereda, whose population is 2,307; Los Camachos, with a population of 173; Lo Baturno, where 117 people live; La Asomada, populated by 68 people; La Piqueta, whose population is 33; Molinos Gallegos, inhabited by 26 people;

Santa Ana
There are 2,505 inhabitants in this district.

In this territory the people distribute themselves in the following localities: Santa Ana, with 1053 inhabitants; Los Piñuelas, populated by 727 people; Los Ventorrillos, whose population is 572 and Molino Derribado, where 131 people live.

El Beal
The population of this district is 2,280 inhabitants. It is located in the East of the municipality and has borders with Mar Menor at the North-East and with El Algar at the North-West.

The people of this territory are distributed in the following localities: Llano de Beal, where 1288 people live; Estrecho de San Ginés, populated by 662 people; Beal, whose population is 328 and San Ginés, de la Jara, where 2 people live.

In the XIX century villages such as El Estrecho and El Llano appeared because of the succes and the prosperity of the mining activities in Sierra Minera.

The economy of Cartagena was in a crisis from 1910. The World War I caused that crisis to be more serious. The end of the war did not led to Cartagena to end the crisis. In that era, mining products such as the lead, the zinc and the iron were devaluated.

That led the district El Beal to a decline in population. There were 6,140 people residing in this district in the year 1920. In the year 1930 the population of El Beal was 4.417.

GRANDAL LÓPEZ, Alfonso. Historia de Cartagena para principiantes. p. 311

GRANDAL LÓPEZ, Alfonso. Historia de Cartagena para principiantes. p. 342

GRANDAL LÓPEZ, Alfonso. Historia de Cartagena para principiantes. p. 342

Lentiscar
This district has a population of 1,966 inhabitants. This area is located in the North East of the municipality and has a border with Mar Menor at its East.

The people of this territory live in the following population centres: La Puebla, with 1,122 inhabitants; Lo Tacón, whose population is 219; Carmolí, where 196 people live; Punta Brava, where 138 people live; Los Beatos, populated by 116 people; Los Roses, where 114 people live; Los Rosiques, whose population is 53; Los Castillejos, inhabited by 18 people

The name of this area comes from the plant Pistacia lentiscus ('lentisk' or 'mastic' and 'lentisco' in Spanish). It is due of the large presence of this plant in this district, but nowadays there are not many of them in this area.

Perín
Its population is 1523 inhabitants. It has a border with the Mediterranean East at the South.

The people living in this districh are distributed in the following population centres: La Azohía with 444 inhabitants; Galifa, with a population of 282;La Corona, inhabited with 216 people; Perín, where 200 people live; Los Flores, whose population is 97; El Portús, populated with 76 people and Campillo de Adentro, where 40 people live.

This territory was inhabited during the Palaeolithic by individuals of the Homo neanderthalensis species. Some paleontholigal remains were founded in Cueva Bermeja (a cave).

GRANDAL LÓPEZ, Alfonso. Historia de Cartagena para principiantes. p.35

Los Puertos de Santa Bárbara
There are 1,297 inhabitants in this district.

The inhabitants of this district distribute themselves in the following population centres: Isla Plana, where 857 people live; Los Puertos de Santa Bárbara, with 110 inhabitants; Los Cañavates, inhabited by 42 people; Los Álamos, with 28 inhabitants; Los Puches, where 26 people live; Los Pérez de Arriba, whose population is 22; Valdelentisco, with a population of 22; Los Fuentes, populated by 13 people.

There are paleonthological remains which show that this territory was inhabited during the Paleolithic. There remains are placed in a cave named Cueva del Caballo.

GRANDAL LÓPEZ, Alfonso, Historia de Cartagena para principiantes, p.38

Miranda
It has a population of 1,365 inhabitants.

The inhabitants of this district are distributed in the following localities: Miranda, where 1,090 people live; Las Casicas, whose population is 129; Los Vidales, populated by 91 inhabitants and Los Gallos, with 55 inhabitants.

The first documental references of this district have date in the last years of the XVI century.

http://www.regmurcia.com/servlet/s.Sl?sit=a,313,c,373,m,1871

El Hondón
The population of this district is 1,080 inhabitants

In this territory, the inhabitants live in the following population centres: Torreciega, whose population is 606; Media Legua, populated with 238 people and Los Jorqueras, where 236 people live.

The name of 'Hondón' comes from the arab and its origin is related to the muslim government in the Iberian peninsula (Al-Andalus) in the Middle Age. The arab word is 'al-fundun'. Its origin may be a phonetic chango of the latin word 'fundum' which means 'dip' or 'hollow'. Another hypothesis of this toponym is related with texts of the XI century in which the word ?al-fundun' appears to talk about the fertility of the ground of Lorca.

http://www.regmurcia.com/servlet/s.Sl?sit=a,297,c,373,m,1871&r=ReP-19159-DETALLE_REPORTAJESPADRE

Campo Nubla
There are 273 habitants in this district.

In this territory, the inhabitants live in the following localities: Los Navarros Bajos, populated by 42 people; La Manchica, where 25 people live; Rincón de Tallante, whose population is 24; Casas de Tallante, inhabited by 21 people; Escabeas, where 17 people live; Los Arroyos, with a population of 16; Casas del Molino, populated with 9 people.

There are archeological remains of the Argaric culture neigbouring the hamlet Tallante.

Cartagena was in a lawsuit with Murcia and with Lorca for the possesion of this current district in the XVI century. In that era it was a desert territory where pastures were located. There were also many cochineals in that territory. They are parasitic animals that produce a dye which was very relevant in the textile industry in the XVI century.

GRANDAL LÓPEZ, Alfonso, Historia de Cartagena para principiantes, p. 46

GRANDAL LÓPEZ, Alfonso, Historia de Cartagena para principiantes, p. 143

Los Médicos
This district has a population of 126 inhabitants. In this territory there several hamlets with very few population.

The inhabitants of this territory distribute themselves in the following localities: Los Médicos, with 70 inhabitants; La Vereda, populated by 49 people and Los Vidales, where 7 people live.

The first documental references of this territory nave their date in the year 1703.

http://www.regmurcia.com

Escombreras
This district has a population of just 8 inhabitants because it became an industrial area.

There are few historical documentary sources about this area.

The name of this district comes from the Latin Scomber, the name in this language for the fish Atlantic mackerel and it was used for the ancient roman sauce garum. In the era of Roman Hispania, there were some salty factories.

During the Islamic Hispania (al-Andalus 711-1492) some sluices, irrigation canals and ponds were built. There was probably a pirate base in this district from the last years of the IX century.

There are historical documentary sources which show that Berbers took refuge in the XVI century (when the Iberian Peninsula had already been reconquered).

There are evidence of the existance of simplified almadrabas (labyrinthin structures for fishing tunas, etc.) named tunairas in the XV century. In the following century these estrucures were completely developed.

In the year 1942 there was a project for settling the first oil refinery of Spain in valley of Escombreras due to strategic and security reasons.

Historia de Cartagena para principiantes (página 93)

Pueblos de Cartagena (página 113)

Historia de Cartagena para principiantes (página 120)

Historia de Cartagena para principiantes (página 123)

GRANDAL LÓPEZ, Alfonso, Historia de Cartagena para principiantes, p. 144

GRANDAL LÓPEZ, Alfonso. Historia de Cartagena para principiantes, p. 360

Sierra Minera
Sierra Minera is a mountain chain in the south-east Region of Murcia in Spain. It is located in the municipalities Cartagena and La Unión.

https://www.borm.es/borm/documento?obj=anu&id=371421

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https://www.eldiario.es/murcia/sociedad/Calblanque-rincones-impresionantes-Espana_0_476302987.html