User:Yopienso/sandbox

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Projects
The Church at Sapa: Inside the walls of a long-forgotten Mississippi cult

Ad Fontes Media Adrian Fontes, the Maricopa County recorder

No bearing if they are GAs https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(element)#Etymology https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium#Etymology https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etsy#History https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospira#History https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keurig#History https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenovo#Name

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7-Eleven#Etymologies

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wachovia#Origin_of_corporate_name

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperbola#Etymology_and_history

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A4agen-Dazs#Origin_of_brand_name https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesarean_section#Etymology https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerd https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics#Etymology https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society#Etymology_and_usage https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodak#Name https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nvidia#History https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samsung#Etymology

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science#cite_ref-1 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skunk_Works https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Inc.#History

Southern border
Illegal border crossings across the Mexico–United States border spiked after a pandemic-era lull in 2020. From 2021 to 2023, illegal crossings surged to record highs, reaching an all-time monthly high in December 2023. In 2024, crossings began to significantly decline from the December record, after Biden implemented restrictions on asylum claims from migrants who cross the border between ports of entry and urged Mexico to crack down on migrants.

On July 28, 2022, the Biden administration announced it would fill four wide gaps on the U.S.-Mexico border near Yuma, Arizona, an area with some of the busiest corridors for illegal crossings. During his presidential campaign, Biden pledged to cease all future border wall construction. This occurred after both allies and critics of Biden criticized his administration's management of the southern border.

Biden has utilized humanitarian parole on an unprecedented level to mitigate illegal border crossings, allowing migrants to fly into the U.S. or schedule their entries through official entry points on the U.S.-Mexico border. Over a million migrants have been admitted into the U.S. under humanitarian parole as of January 2024.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border_crisis#Biden_administration

Southern border
Illegal crossings across the Mexico–United States border surged during Biden’s administration. Although part of a worldwide migration surge stemming from complex economic and political circumstances across the globe, the border crisis become a major source of dissatisfaction among voters who believed he mishandled it.

Now include immigration in Biden's BLP?
This is a no-brainer. We cover Trump's immigration policies and actions in his BLP. And, though briefly, Obama's. And Bush 43's. And, briefly, Clinton's. And Bush 41's, though not in one neat paragraph. Not Reagan's, though, and it's a FA, and he signed the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986. Nor Carter, Ford, or Nixon. So, we have for every president from Bush through Trump. Of course we cover Biden's.


 * Tim Ball and Michael Mann
 * https://twitter.com/michaelemann/status/1164910044414189568?lang=en
 * https://www.dailykos.com/stories/2019/8/28/1881956/-Tim-Ball-Pleads-For-Mercy-As-An-Irrelevant-Sick-Old-Man-Gets-It-Declares-Victory?fbclid=IwAR1fWH20BHQtHOe8KVeQdYHNTBwESlqlUkel1AygghGRrVinclMsbmilakw
 * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Tim_Ball#Lawsuit
 * https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Tim_Ball&diff=901285302&oldid=853362953

https://books.google.com/books? Note 38 fr p 167 https://www.amazon.com/His-Excellency-Washington-Joseph-Ellis/dp/1400032539 https://books.google.com/books?id=lifQ0G0m9WwC&q=winter#v=snippet&q=slaves&f=false  https://books.google.com/books?id=r3-rsrDiE5cC&q=theater#v=snippet&q=slaves%20theater&f=false
 * Work on Charles Burton's bio.. http://transglobe-expedition.org/biographies/
 * Create bio of George Thacher Balch. http://balchipedia.wikidot.com/georgethatcherbalch
 * Washington and slavery--They lived in miserable hovels and wore rags. https://books.google.com/books?id=9Wr1AAAAQBAJ&q=349#v=snippet&q=Niemcewicz&f=false https://books.google.com/books?id=Nwe82sFg96UC&pg=PA111&lpg=PA111&dq=in+his+struggle+to+control+his+slaves+washington+had+to+resort+to&source=bl&ots=1vTGRIc2Tv&sig=yupRyLJ8mrK1K8EDBhMIyWAKsZw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwix6fvtz_7bAhXBhFQKHRj-AG8Q6AEIJjAA#v=onepage&q=in%20his%20struggle%20to%20control%20his%20slaves%20washington%20had%20to%20resort%20to&f=false

https://books.google.com/books?id=2Y9Rko9sT3kC&pg=PA167&lpg=PA167&dq=He+accepted,+grudgingly,+the+fact+that+Mount+Vernon+would+never+show+a+profit,+because+it+had+become+a+retirement+home+and+child-care+center+for+many+of+his+slave+residents,+whom+he+was+morally+obliged+to+care+for&source=bl&ots=aLKdM-5Pce&sig=qhzdeCJnVDkti0HWqyYLLMb0j_U&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjJ8Yvvmf_bAhVhz1QKHRq8A04Q6AEIJjAA#v=onepage&q=He%20accepted%2C%20grudgingly%2C%20the%20fact%20that%20Mount%20Vernon%20would%20never%20show%20a%20profit%2C%20because%20it%20had%20become%20a%20retirement%20home%20and%20child-care%20center%20for%20many%20of%20his%20slave%20residents%2C%20whom%20he%20was%20morally%20obliged%20to%20care%20for&f=false

Charles Burton
Expand bio when I get a chance. https://transglobe-expedition.org/biographies/

https://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/library/catalogue/records/190367/ https://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/search/?query=charlie+burton&x=29&y=21 https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/news/60at60/2015/8/1982-first-surface-circumnavigation-via-both-geographical-poles-392920 https://transglobe-expedition.org/update/ https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/2002/07/18/explorer-charles-burton-dies/852052f8-410d-4357-ac54-a3238eb4c7bd/ https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-jul-18-me-burton18-story.html https://www.theguardian.com/news/2002/jul/20/guardianobituaries http://transglobe-expedition.org/biographies/ https://www.nytimes.com/2002/07/17/world/charles-burton-59-a-pole-to-pole-explorer.html

UAA
Publications--Green & Gold, etc. UAA Spirit Mag. Broken link to Seawolf Monthly here https://www.uaa.alaska.edu/about/university-advancement/university-relations/publications/green-and-gold-news Call Univ. Advancement Office Check if everything here is current. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Alaska_Anchorage#Publications

Civility
Ack! They changed the Pillars! https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Civility https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Jimbo_Wales&diff=prev&oldid=376364176#Dr._Frankenstein.2C_I_presume.3F https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Jimbo_Wales&oldid=509577838#Incivility https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Jimbo_Wales&diff=prev&oldid=624586189 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Jimbo_Wales&oldid=734878656#Is_.22fuck_off.22_the_new_normal_for_Wikipedia_behaviour.3F https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Jimbo_Wales&diff=next&oldid=468859024#Declining_number_of_editors_and_donations

Abner Lee
Couldn't get this properly inserted into my userbox. https://books.google.com/books?id=pTIwAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA66&lpg=PA66&dq=ABNER+LEE#v=onepage&q=ABNER%20LEE&f=true

ABNER LEE Born at Middletown, Conn., Feb. 20th, 1759. In the Revolution he engaged for his country; was with Arnold in his defeat at Quebec; with Washington at Trenton, Princtoon, and Red Bank; at sea was taken by a British man-of-war, carried in irons to Bermuda, imprisoned some weeks. In 1812 united with the Baptist Church, having when young entertained a hope in Christ; he died June 30th, 1843; age, 84 years 4 months and 10 days.

He sleeps in Jesus and is blest. How sweet his slumbers are. From sufferings and from sins released, And freed from every care. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/58436898/abner-lee

Our Town quote (Contact me:)
Just storing this here cuz it was OK. Now modified.

Contact me: Jane Crofut; The Crofut Farm, Grover's Corners; Sutton County; New Hampshire; United States of America; Continent of North America; Western Hemisphere; the Earth; the Solar System, the Universe@TheMindOfGod.TOE

Me at AN/I
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Search?search=yopienso&prefix=Wikipedia%3AAdministrators%27+noticeboard&fulltext=Search&fulltext=Search&searchToken=bi2dczll4222x9zynv1frdu63

Brian Palmer
https://www.linkedin.com/in/brian-palmer-1006a215/ http://www.slate.com/authors.brian_palmer.html http://www.slate.com/authors.brian_palmer.7.html http://archive.onearth.org/author/brian-palmer

George Washington
After the premature death of his brother Lawrence, he joined the Virginia militia and, just before his twenty-first birthday, took his place as adjutant of one of its four districts with the rank of major. During the French and Indian War he rose to the rank of colonel. https://www.amazon.com/Washington-Life-Ron-Chernow/dp/0143119966

Eugenics
Strongly influenced by Darwin https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1377454/pdf/jmedeth00313-0029.pdf

Sprucing up
Rmv or explain Orwell and all that--ID, etc. Add Presentism.

TJ
The New York Review of Books Jefferson’s Concubine Edmund S. Morgan and Marie Morgan OCTOBER 9, 2008 ISSUE The Hemingses of Monticello: An American Family by Annette Gordon-Reed Norton, 798 pp., $35.00

http://www.nybooks.com/articles/2008/10/09/jeffersons-concubine/

. . . historians and biographers. . . have struggled to illuminate, and sometimes to gloss over, the dark places in his life. Like many upright public figures who know they are pure and their enemies vile, he was capable of deviousness and treachery.

Jefferson’s private life, particularly the life he built at Monticello with the enslaved children and grandchildren of Elizabeth Hemings (1735–1807), was the focus of obsessive, often scurrilous, speculation. Jefferson observed a strict silence on this subject, an embargo that extended to his private papers, which were, moreover, culled by his white descendants to protect his secrets and to preserve his honor.

[TJ's relationship with Sally Hemings] could be called a closely held secret only in the special sense of the word prevailing within Virginia planter society.

What is important to the Hemings family’s story is the harsh and nearly inescapable nature of the “peculiar institution” in the time of Thomas Jefferson.

Every Virginian who lived in slavery or lived off of slavery had to soft-foot his or her way through a thicket of social fictions.

That cohesion [of the Hemings family in the context of bizarre relationships], unrecognized in Virginia law, might be seen as the result of the fidelity and benevolence of Martha and Thomas Jefferson.

“Between 1784 and 1794, he had either sold or given away as part of marriage settlements to his daughters and sister over one hundred people.”

He was known to detest brutality and harsh treatment of “the people,” as the workforce was called. Whatever went on under the overseers and drivers of the outlying “quarter farms,” at Monticello the rule was beneficence, especially toward the Hemingses.

It was as natural as breathing for Jefferson to prefer wheedling to whipping.

Nonetheless, coercion, however wrapped up it was, underlay the slave system.

Jefferson kept the cruelty of slavery out of sight, down the hill, but he was nothing if not self-indulgent.

Benevolence required him to identify the Hemingses’ special talents, give those talents full scope, and set them up in appropriate trades. Goodwill aside, in Gordon-Reed’s interpretation it was Jefferson’s needs and preconceptions that governed. “Once he took ownership of them, the process of shaping all the Hemingses to suit his aims only intensified.”

Like so many questions concerning the sage of Monticello, credible conjectures come up against contradictions of opinion and character.

It was not race alone that consigned these boys to the nailery. White boys of the same age could expect to work twelve-hour days setting type, driving horses, making bricks, or splitting logs.

The government and economy of Monticello was slavery, but it was conceived as an ameliorated form of slavery. It was a system intended to allow a degree of autonomy and self-respect, a freedom of movement and occupation, and other aspects of a nonenslaved existence.

Precisely because he was so civilized, Jefferson never exhibited feelings of personal guilt about owning human beings. [...] When he thought about ridding Virginia of slavery, he was more concerned about making Virginia white than about making it free.

He wanted the national government to buy all slaves, in effect confiscating them, when they would be shipped out to form a free nation of their own in Africa. At a cost he calculated at $900 million, the United States would gain security by ridding itself of the black menace that flourished within it.

. . . slavery in America, an institution from which Jefferson derived most of the benefits that made his life worth living but which he persisted in describing as a monstrous growth engrafted onto free institutions.

Slavery within Jefferson’s domains could be modified and freed of some of its constraints. It remained slavery.

User name
My name is "Yo pienso," Spanish for "I think." When I registered I didn't know how to capitalize the "P"; since then I learned how to capitalize it in my signature. Once an editor said my user name shows I intend to offer my opinion rather than facts per policy, interpreting "I think" as "I believe." In fact, I'm a stickler for policy (including WP:IAR) and have also been criticized for quoting it. My true intent in choosing that name was to reflect my intellectual bent: on a regular basis I engage in the act of thinking.

TJ's religion
Although influenced by deism, Jefferson praised the morality of Jesus and asserted, "I am a Christian, in the only sense in which he wished any one to be." He edited a compilation of his biblical teachings, titled The Life and Morals of Jesus of Nazareth, that omitted miraculous or supernatural references. The work is commonly known today as the Jefferson Bible.[244] He abandoned "orthodox" Christianity after reviewing the New Testament


 * I had started a draft on this omitting the "nevertheless" Stephan objected to, but ran out of time to finish it. Will post first sentences here:
 * Jefferson praised the morality of Jesus and asserted, "I am a Christian, in the only sense in which he wished any one to be." He abandoned "orthodox" Christianity, however, after reviewing the New Testament. He edited a compilation of his biblical teachings, titled The Life and Morals of Jesus of Nazareth that omitted miraculous or supernatural references. The work is commonly known today as the Jefferson Bible.[244] Although influenced by deism,

TJ wrt constitutions
''Some men look at Constitutions with sanctimonious reverence, & deem them, like the ark of the covenant, too sacred to be touched. they ascribe to the men of the preceding age a wisdom more than human, and suppose what they did to be beyond amendment. I knew that age well: I belonged to it, and labored with it. it deserved well of it’s country. it was very like the present, but without the experience of the present: and 40. years of experience in government is worth a century of book-reading: and this they would say themselves, were they to rise from the dead. I am certainly not an advocate for frequent & untried changes in laws and constitutions. I think moderate imperfections had better be borne with; because when once known, we accomodate ourselves to them, and find practical means of correcting their ill effects. but I know also that laws and institutions must go hand in hand with the progress of the human mind. as that becomes more developed, more enlightened, as new discoveries are made, new truths disclosed, and manners and opinions change with the change of circumstances, institutions must advance also, and keep pace with the times. we might as well require a man to wear still the coat which fitted him when a boy, as civilised society to remain ever under the regimen of their barbarous ancestors. it is this preposterous idea which has lately deluged Europe in blood. their monarchs, instead of wisely yielding to the gradual changes of circumstances, of favoring progressive accomodation to progressive improvement, have clung to old abuses, intrenched themselves behind steady habits, and obliged their subjects to seek, thro’ blood & violence, rash & ruinous innovations, which, had they been referred to the peaceful deliberations, & collected wisdom of the nation, would have been put into acceptable and salutary forms. let us follow no such examples, nor weakly believe that one generation is not as capable as another of taking care of itself, and of ordering it’s own affairs. let us, as our sister-states have done, avail ourselves of our reason and experience to correct the crude essays of our first and unexperienced, altho’ wise, virtuous, & well meaning councils. And lastly, let us provide in our constitution for it’s revision at stated periods. what these periods should be Nature herself indicates.'' --Letter to Samuel Kercheval, "Proposals to Revise the Virginia Constitution: I. Thomas Jefferson to “Henry Tompkinson” (Samuel Kercheval), 12 July 1816" https://founders.archives.gov/?q=Ancestor%3ATSJN-03-10-02-0128&s=1511311111&r=2

Apollo 13
Artist's rendering of explosion http://www.haynes.co.uk/desktops/images/fullsize/Haynes-Apollo-13-1920by1080.jpg

From Amazon's version of Hayne's Manual http://www.haynes.co.uk/Apollo-13/

Artist's page http://www.ianmooresgraphics.com/ian-moores-professional-illustrator-x-men-apollo-13.html

Reports using the words explode or explosion:

https://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/alsj/a13/a13.summary.html https://www.hq.nasa.gov/pao/History/apollo/apo13hist.html https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/apollo/missions/apollo13.html#.V5kudbgrKUk http://www.history.nasa.gov/apollo/apo13.html http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/history/apollo/apollo-13/apollo-13.html http://history.nasa.gov/ap13fj/documents.htm http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/ap13acc.html http://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar/missions/apollo/apollo_13/return/ http://www.honeysucklecreek.net/msfn_missions/Apollo_13_mission/hl_apollo13.html http://www.honeysucklecreek.net/msfn_missions/Apollo_13_mission/a13_ARIA_4.html http://news.mit.edu/2016/apollo-13-commander-james-lovell-0428

Grant
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Administrators%27_noticeboard/IncidentArchive817#Proposed_topic_ban_for_Gwillhickers_on_Thomas_Jefferson_and_also_slavery

@Nick, One of Many, and Binksternet--I've had more the experience Cla68 describes. That would be at Thomas Jefferson wrt the Sally Hemings issue, at Elizabeth Warren wrt Native American controversy, at Ulysses S. Grant wrt to anti-Semitism, and others.

ID as pseudoscience

 * FAQ 4 above deals with POV arguments over the years, and says, "The policy requires that we present ID from the point of view of disinterested philosophers, biologists and other scientists, and that we also include the views of ID proponents and opponents." But the article is written from the point of view of opponents and also includes the views of disinterested p, b, and s, and of ID proponents.
 * Note that "pseudoscience" in the first sentence of the article is cited to Boudry and to Pigliucci, both ardent opponents of ID.
 * FAQ 6 also cites to the same proponents.
 * Many citations are to Eugenie Scott, Barbara Forrest, and the NCSE, activists opposed to ID. They should definitely be included as opponents, but should not be //

http://www.ucsusa.org/scientific_integrity/what_you_can_do/statement-on-science.html#.VVWYf_lVhBc http://undsci.berkeley.edu/article/0_0_0/id_checklist https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligent_design_and_science _____________

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Administrators%27_noticeboard/IncidentArchive817#Proposed_topic_ban_for_Gwillhickers_on_Thomas_Jefferson_and_also_slavery

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_messages/Cleanup#Verifiability_and_sources http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_templates

TJ and Voltaire

 * Supposed ref for Voltaire's influence. Not at all: http://founders.archives.gov/?q=Volume%3AJefferson-03-07&s=1511311112&r=8
 * Peterson: Bacon, Newton, Locke; Voltaire; Randolph, Pendleton, Wythe. https://books.google.com/books?id=XcOXEb0O4-UC&pg=PA255&dq=jefferson+rousseau+voltaire&sa=X&ei=nj8QVYKgE8GOaMHjgfgN&ved=0CCcQ6AEwATgU#v=onepage&q=williamsburg&f=false
 * ABA Journal arguing Voltaire did not influence TJ: https://books.google.fr/books?id=HZgyPO-rU7AC&pg=PA469&dq=jefferson+rousseau+voltaire&hl=fr&sa=X&ei=YToQVcD-K4nUaqTjgng&ved=0CFkQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=jefferson%20rousseau%20voltaire&f=false

Repented snark

 * User:YoPienso wonders why User:BusterD is talking around her instead of to her, while noticing User:BusterD did in fact personalize this disagreement: "Goat God [sic] has given an explanation . . . has since deleted it . . .", "Goat God [sic] seems to hold . . .", "Goat God [sic] seems to base . . ."; on her/his own talk page, User:BusterD wrote that User:GoatGod "has failed to engage on talk and had reverted Rjensen." Etc. What this has to do with sourcing goes right over User:YoPienso's little gray head. She perceives User:BusterD to be focusing more on what User:GoatGod seems to hold than on what the sources say. YoPienso (talk) 04:12, 19 December 2015 (UTC)

Climategate
"Closing the Climategate" Nature, 468, 345 (18 November 2010) doi:10.1038/468345a Published online 17 November 2010 http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v468/n7322/full/468345a.html

"The server was in the university's Climatic Research Unit (CRU), most of the correspondents involved were climate scientists and the affair will be forever known as Climategate."

"Take the name Climategate itself. The 'gate' suffix, now routinely applied to the most mundane controversies, is as trite as it is predictable. At the height of the controversy, senior figures called for journalists not to use the word, which they argued lent false seriousness to far-fetched claims of research skulduggery and corruption. That reaction alone helps to explain the sluggish response of the science establishment a year ago to the allegations made against their colleagues and their profession. One lesson that must be taken from Climategate is that scientists do not get to define the terms by which others see them and their place in society. This journal has already warned that climate scientists have to accept that they are in a street fight. They should expect a few low blows. The key is to learn which punches to roll with and which to block and counter."

--End--

Also, Mann's The Hockey Stick and the Climate Wars frankly calls it Climategate. Chapter 14 is titled "Climategate: the Real Story" and uses the term 38 times, almost always in lower case letters and without scare quotes or qualifiers like "so-called."

Adding some links

 * RfC and discussion from Feb. 2010
 * This has an exhaustive use of the used of the term Climategate as of Match 2010. Not many links and many may be the same syndicatd story in various newspapers.
 * This is a better list of sources as of 2010.
 * A 2014 discussion, with Jimbo chiming in, and a good list of sources.
 * Good comment by Jimbo plus other stuff
 * More Jimbo.
 * Here's the whole list.

And another short break
I don't find among the responses a reason to substitute a term almost never used by anyone with the term generally used by almost everyone on both sides of the debate, excepting a few WP users.
 * Dave quibbles over the word "virtually," and over whether this is the right place for the question, and says because deniers use it we shouldn't, disregarding the fact that even Mann, et al. do.
 * Nigel asserts we shouldn't use it because he thinks it's an unfair name. How does his opinion trump general usage?
 * Stephan (who I thanked privately for explaining what he meant by PLS) says we shouldn't link to a redirect. I'm not savvy about redirects, but from what I read to Redirect, it's not a problem. WP:R just says the alternate name should be clearly marked, which it is at Climategate. (Not posted to Talk:Climatic Research Unit on Oct. 3, 2015.

This is interesting.

Tim Ball
On Drudge and Hannity & Colmes: http://www.canadafreepress.com/2007/cover030607.htm

Rebuttal of personal attacks
 * 2006 certificate that PhD in climatology was awarded in 1983
 * Claim: "Climatology Lab and offices were on the 7th floor of the Lockhart Building. The program, started by Dr Bill Bell, collapsed after I left."
 * But the Winnipeg Architectural Foundation says, "when the building opened, a special feature was the Meteorological Research Department on the seventh floor." I'm guessing it wasn't officially called a climatology lab, though Ball almost certainly studied climatology there.
 * History of Geog. Dept. at U. Winnipeg shows overlaps of Ball's and Bell's tenures and says, "Lockhart Hall opened in 1970, providing the Department with new offices and well-equipped, modern teaching/research labs designed specifically for physical geography’s needs."
 * Bios of Bill Bell: in Winnipeg; in Georgia
 * Other stuff about funding, Climategate, etc.

Sourcing BLPs
WP:PRIMARY Policy: Unless restricted by another policy, primary sources that have been reliably published may be used in Wikipedia; but only with care, because it is easy to misuse them.[4] Any interpretation of primary source material requires a reliable secondary source for that interpretation. A primary source may only be used on Wikipedia to make straightforward, descriptive statements of facts that can be verified by any educated person with access to the source but without further, specialized knowledge. For example, an article about a novel may cite passages to describe the plot, but any interpretation needs a secondary source. Do not analyze, synthesize, interpret, or evaluate material found in a primary source yourself; instead, refer to reliable secondary sources that do so. Do not base an entire article on primary sources, and be cautious about basing large passages on them. Do not add unsourced material from your personal experience, because that would make Wikipedia a primary source of that material. Use extra caution when handling primary sources about living people; see WP:BLPPRIMARY, which is policy. Avoid misuse of primary sources[edit] Further information: WP:PRIMARY Shortcut: WP:BLPPRIMARY Exercise extreme caution in using primary sources. Do not use trial transcripts and other court records, or other public documents, to support assertions about a living person. Do not use public records that include personal details, such as date of birth, home value, traffic citations, vehicle registrations, and home or business addresses. Where primary-source material has been discussed by a reliable secondary source, it may be acceptable to rely on it to augment the secondary source, subject to the restrictions of this policy, no original research, and the other sourcing policies.[4] Avoid self-published sources[edit] Shortcut: WP:BLPSPS Never use self-published sources – including but not limited to books, zines, websites, blogs, and tweets – as sources of material about a living person, unless written or published by the subject (see below). "Self-published blogs" in this context refers to personal and group blogs. Some news organizations host online columns that they call blogs, and these may be acceptable as sources so long as the writers are professionals and the blog is subject to the newspaper's full editorial control. Posts left by readers are never acceptable as sources.[5] See below for our policy on self-published images. Using the subject as a self-published source[edit] Further information: WP:SELFPUB Living persons may publish material about themselves, such as through press releases or personal websites. Such material may be used as a source only if: it is not unduly self-serving; it does not involve claims about third parties; it does not involve claims about events not directly related to the subject; there is no reasonable doubt as to its authenticity; the article is not based primarily on such sources.

Michael Mann
Mann is most famously known for the "hockey stick," http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/behind-the-hockey-stick/

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/environment/climatechange/7589897/Hockey-stick-graph-was-exaggerated.html

Michael Mann's counterstrike in the climate wars - latimes.com http://opinion.latimes.com/opinionla/2012/02/mann-climate.html

https://twitter.com/MichaelEMann

enter the fray http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/magazine/physicstoday/news/10.1063/PT.5.8026

http://www.motherjones.com/environment/2014/01/michael-mann-climategate-court-victory

Nobel Prize

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Michael_E._Mann#Nobel_Prize_Claim

https://m.facebook.com/notes/orange-county-water-summit/nobel-prize-winning-climate-change-scientist-dr-michael-e-mann-to-speak-at-oc-wa/10150807830447736/

http://legaltimes.typepad.com/files/michael-mann-complaint.pdf

http://www.nationalreview.com/corner/331829/mikes-nobel-trick-mark-steyn

https://www.facebook.com/MichaelMannScientist/posts/437351706321037

http://www.courthousenews.com/2012/11/07/52068.htm

http://www.nationalreview.com/corner/331738/michael-manns-false-nobel-claim-charles-c-w-cooke

https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=441602745895933&set=a.221233134599563.54502.221222081267335&type=1&relevant_count=1

http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/08/12/destroying-science/ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Pointing to Dr. Frankenstein

Annette Gordon-Reed debunks Henry Weincek. http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/culturebox/2012/10/henry_wiencek_s_the_master_of_the_mountain_thomas_jefferson_biography_debunked.single.html Oh--Weincek's dumb book on TJ. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/01/opinion/the-real-thomas-jefferson.html?_r=0

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:SirFozzie#Requesting_a_checkuser_on_my_account

Article on Caroline Crocker, Richard Dawkins, and Chas. Darwin.

Freeman Dyson:

Jimmy Wales hoped when he started Wikipedia that the combination of enthusiastic volunteer writers with open source information technology would cause a revolution in human access to knowledge. The rate of growth of Wikipedia exceeded his wildest dreams. Within ten years it has become the biggest storehouse of information on the planet and the noisiest battleground of conflicting opinions. It illustrates Shannon’s law of reliable communication. Shannon’s law says that accurate transmission of information is possible in a communication system with a high level of noise. Even in the noisiest system, errors can be reliably corrected and accurate information transmitted, provided that the transmission is sufficiently redundant. That is, in a nutshell, how Wikipedia works.

The information flood has also brought enormous benefits to science. The public has a distorted view of science, because children are taught in school that science is a collection of firmly established truths. In fact, science is not a collection of truths. It is a continuing exploration of mysteries. Wherever we go exploring in the world around us, we find mysteries. Our planet is covered by continents and oceans whose origin we cannot explain. Our atmosphere is constantly stirred by poorly understood disturbances that we call weather and climate. The visible matter in the universe is outweighed by a much larger quantity of dark invisible matter that we do not understand at all. The origin of life is a total mystery, and so is the existence of human consciousness. We have no clear idea how the electrical discharges occurring in nerve cells in our brains are connected with our feelings and desires and actions.

Even physics, the most exact and most firmly established branch of science, is still full of mysteries. We do not know how much of Shannon’s theory of information will remain valid when quantum devices replace classical electric circuits as the carriers of information. Quantum devices may be made of single atoms or microscopic magnetic circuits. All that we know for sure is that they can theoretically do certain jobs that are beyond the reach of classical devices. Quantum computing is still an unexplored mystery on the frontier of information theory. Science is the sum total of a great multitude of mysteries. It is an unending argument between a great multitude of voices. It resembles Wikipedia much more than it resembles the Encyclopaedia Britannica. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Working on what I put below.

Origin of the concept
Intelligent design in the late 20th and early 21st century is a development of natural theology that seeks to change the basis of science and undermine evolutionary theory. As evolutionary theory expanded to explain more phenomena, the examples held up as evidence of design changed, though the essential argument remains the same: complex systems imply a designer. Past examples have included the eye and the feathered wing; current examples are typically biochemical: protein functions, blood clotting, and bacterial flagella; see irreducible complexity.

Philosopher Barbara Forrest writes that the intelligent design movement began in 1984 with the publication by Jon A. Buell's the Foundation for Thought and Ethics of The Mystery of Life's Origin by Charles B. Thaxton, a chemist and creationist. Thaxton held a conference in 1988, "Sources of Information Content in DNA," which attracted creationists such as Stephen C. Meyer. Forrest writes that, in December 1988, Thaxton decided to use the term "intelligent design," instead of creationism, for the movement.[10]

Whether the order and complexity of nature indicates purposeful design has been the subject of debate since the Greeks. In the 4th century BCE, Plato posited a good and wise "demiurge" as the creator and first cause of the cosmos in his Timaeus. In his Metaphysics, Aristotle developed the idea of an "Unmoved Mover". In De Natura Deorum (On the Nature of the Gods, 45 BCE) Cicero wrote that "the divine power is to be found in a principle of reason which pervades the whole of nature." This line of reasoning has come to be known as the teleological argument for the existence of God. Some well-known forms of it were expressed in the 13th century by Thomas Aquinas and in the 19th century by William Paley. Aquinas, in his Summa Theologiae, used the concept of design in his "fifth proof" for God's existence.

In the 1920s the Fundamentalist–Modernist Controversy in theology resulted in Fundamentalist Christian opposition to teaching evolution, and the origins of modern creationism. Teaching of evolution was effectively suspended in U.S. public schools until the 1960s, and when evolution was then reintroduced into the curriculum, there was a series of court cases in which attempts were made to get creationism taught alongside evolution in science classes. Young Earth creationists promoted creation science as "an alternative scientific explanation of the world in which we live". This frequently invoked the teleological argument, also known as the design argument, to explain complexity in nature as demonstrating the existence of God.

____________________________________________________________________

Lead
Proposal B4 Intelligent Design (ID) is the argument that "certain features of the universe and of living things are best explained by an intelligent cause."(cite CSC) It is a modern form of creationism crafted to use scientific rather than theological phrasing. While the argument from design has existed for centuries, the modern term originated in the 1980s in response to US legal rulings against the teaching of creationism in public schools.(cite) It uses philosophical arguments such as irreducible complexity to attempt to disprove the theory of evolution by natural selection. Although the ID movement presents its argument as a scientific theory, (cite), the scientific community views ID as pseudoscience (cite).

Posted to ID at diff
 * Proposal B4
 * Intelligent Design (ID) is the argument that "certain features of the universe and of living things are best explained by an intelligent cause."(cite CSC) It is a modern form of creationism crafted to use scientific rather than theological phrasing and support. While the argument from design has existed for centuries, the modern term originated in the 1980s in response to US legal rulings against the teaching of creationism in public schools.(cite) ID attempts to disprove the theory of evolution by natural selection by positing ideas such as irreducible complexity. Although the ID movement presents its argument as a scientific theory, (cite), the scientific community views ID as a pseudoscience (cite). YoPienso (talk) 23:40, 16 December 2017 (UTC)

My best argument.

Origin of the concept
Whether the order and complexity of nature indicates purposeful design has been the subject of debate since the Greeks. In the 4th century BCE, Plato posited a good and wise "demiurge" as the creator and first cause of the cosmos in his Timaeus. In his Metaphysics, Aristotle developed the idea of an "Unmoved Mover". In De Natura Deorum (On the Nature of the Gods, 45 BCE) Cicero wrote that "the divine power is to be found in a principle of reason which pervades the whole of nature." This line of reasoning has come to be known as the teleological argument for the existence of God. Some well-known forms of it were expressed in the 13th century by Thomas Aquinas and in the 19th century by William Paley. Aquinas, in his Summa Theologiae, used the concept of design in his "fifth proof" for God's existence.

By 1910 evolution was not a topic of major religious controversy in America, but in the 1920s the Fundamentalist–Modernist Controversy in theology resulted in Fundamentalist Christian opposition to teaching evolution, and the origins of modern creationism. Teaching of evolution was effectively suspended in U.S. public schools until the 1960s, and when evolution was then reintroduced into the curriculum, there was a series of court cases in which attempts were made to get creationism taught alongside evolution in science classes. Young Earth creationists promoted creation science as "an alternative scientific explanation of the world in which we live". This frequently invoked the teleological argument, also known as the design argument, to explain complexity in nature as demonstrating the existence of God.

Similar reasoning postulating a divine designer is embraced today by many believers in theistic evolution, who consider modern science and the theory of evolution to be compatible with the concept of a supernatural designer. In correspondence about the question with Asa Gray, Darwin wrote that "I cannot honestly go as far as you do about Design. I am conscious that I am in an utterly hopeless muddle. I cannot think that the world, as we see it, is the result of chance; & yet I cannot look at each separate thing as the result of Design." Though he had studied Paley's work while at university, by the end of his life he came to regard it as useless for scientific development.

Intelligent design in the late 20th and early 21st century is a development of natural theology that seeks to change the basis of science and undermine evolutionary theory. As evolutionary theory expanded to explain more phenomena, the examples held up as evidence of design changed, though the essential argument remains the same: complex systems imply a designer. Past examples have included the eye and the feathered wing; current examples are typically biochemical: protein functions, blood clotting, and bacterial flagella; see irreducible complexity.

Philosopher Barbara Forrest writes that the intelligent design movement began in 1984 with the publication by Jon A. Buell's the Foundation for Thought and Ethics of The Mystery of Life's Origin by Charles B. Thaxton, a chemist and creationist. Thaxton held a conference in 1988, "Sources of Information Content in DNA," which attracted creationists such as Stephen C. Meyer. Forrest writes that, in December 1988, Thaxton decided to use the term "intelligent design," instead of creationism, for the movement.

In March 1986, a review by Meyer used information theory to suggest that messages transmitted by DNA in the cell show "specified complexity" specified by intelligence, and must have originated with an intelligent agent. In November of that year Thaxton described his reasoning as a more sophisticated form of Paley's argument from design. At the Sources of Information Content in DNA conference in 1988 he said that his intelligent cause view was compatible with both metaphysical naturalism and supernaturalism,

Intelligent design avoids identifying or naming the agent of creation—it merely states that one (or more) must exist—but leaders of the movement have said the designer is the Christian God. Whether this lack of specificity about the designer's identity in public discussions is a genuine feature of the concept, or just a posture taken to avoid alienating those who would separate religion from the teaching of science, has been a matter of great debate between supporters and critics of intelligent design. The Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District court ruling held the latter to be the case.

Origin of the term
The phrase "intelligent design" can be found in an 1847 issue of Scientific American, in an 1850 book by Patrick Edward Dove, and in an 1861 letter from Charles Darwin. The Paleyite botanist George James Allman used the phrase in an address to the 1873 annual meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science: "No physical hypothesis founded on any indisputable fact has yet explained the origin of the primordial protoplasm, and, above all, of its marvellous properties, which render evolution possible—in heredity and in adaptability, for these properties are the cause and not the effect of evolution. For the cause of this cause we have sought in vain among the physical forces which surround us, until we are at last compelled to rest upon an independent volition, a far-seeing intelligent design."

The phrase can be found again in Humanism, a 1903 book by one of the founders of classical pragmatism, F.C.S. Schiller: "It will not be possible to rule out the supposition that the process of evolution may be guided by an intelligent design". A derivative of the phrase appears in the Macmillan Encyclopedia of Philosophy (1967) in the article titled, "Teleological argument for the existence of God": "Stated most succinctly, the argument runs: The world exhibits teleological order (design, adaptation). Therefore, it was produced by an intelligent designer". Robert Nozick (1974) wrote: "Consider now complicated patterns which one would have thought would arise only through intelligent design". The phrases "intelligent design" and "intelligently designed" were used in a 1979 philosophy book Chance or Design? by James Horigan and the phrase "intelligent design" was used in a 1982 speech by Sir Fred Hoyle in his promotion of panspermia.

The modern use of the words "intelligent design", as a term intended to describe a field of inquiry, began after the Supreme Court of the United States, in the case of Edwards v. Aguillard (1987), ruled that creationism is unconstitutional in public school science curricula. A Discovery Institute report says that Charles Thaxton, editor of Of Pandas and People, had picked the phrase up from a NASA scientist, and thought "That's just what I need, it's a good engineering term". In drafts of the book over one hundred uses of the root word "creation", such as "creationism" and "creation science", were changed, almost without exception, to "intelligent design", while "creationists" was changed to "design proponents" or, in one instance, "cdesign proponentsists". [sic] In June 1988 Thaxton held a conference titled "Sources of Information Content in DNA" in Tacoma, Washington, and in December decided to use the label "intelligent design" for his new creationist movement. Stephen C. Meyer was at the conference, and later recalled that "the term came up".



=Apollo 13=


 * Thank you, Dicklyon, for restoring the word "exploded" to the lead. Ideally, imo, the subsection titles "Accident" should be called "Explosion,"
 * If anybody wants to further investigate the issue of whether the tank rupture was considered an explosion at the time, I recommend:


 * The Senate hearings on April 24, 1970. On p. 22, both Lovell and Swigert call it an explosion.

https://books.google.com/books?id=l1PnyHBr_yEC&q=explode+blown+up#v=snippet&q=4%20ounces&f=false

https://books.google.com/books?id=l1PnyHBr_yEC&q=explosion#v=snippet&q=explosion&f=false

http://large.stanford.edu/courses/2012/ph240/johnson1/apollo/docs/appH.pdf

https://books.google.com/books?id=WJOYlUz6TG0C&q=explosion#v=snippet&q=explosion&f=false