User:Yug/History: wars

Wars

 * Minimal needed to understand Ancient Roman diplomacy and wars (Year - place - actors and reason - result.)

The Second Punic War (218-202), expanded Cartaginian and Roman territories colide again, first in Spain, Hannibal push to Italy but fails due to Roman powerful demography, Scipio surprise attack Carthage.
 * 218 BC November: Battle of the Ticinus - Hannibal defeats the Romans under Scipio the Elder in a small cavalry fight.
 * 218 BC December: Battle of the Trebia - Hannibal defeats the Romans under Sempronius, who had foolishly attacked.
 * 217 BC Battle of Lake Trasimene - In an ambush, Hannibal destroyed the Roman army of Flaminius, who is killed.
 * 216 BC - Battle of Cannae - Hannibal destroys the Roman army led by L. Aemilius Paullus and Varro in what is considered one of a great masterpieces of tactical arts.
 * Indecisives battles, most win by Hannibal.
 * 211 BC - Battle of the Upper Baetis - Publius and Gnaeus Scipio are killed in battle with the Carthaginians under Hannibal's brother, Hasdrubal.
 * Second Battle of Capua - Hannibal is unable to break the Roman siege of the city.
 * 210 BC - Hannibal wins across Italy.
 * 209 BC - Battle of Asculum - Hannibal once again defeats Marcellus, in an indecisive battle.
 * 208 BC - Battle of Baecula - Romans in Hispania under P. Cornelius Scipio the Younger defeat Hasdrubal Barca.
 * 207 BC - Battle of Grumentum-Battle of the Metaurus - Roman general Nero fights an indecisive battle with Hannibal, then marches north to join Livius to defeat and kill Hasdrubal.
 * 206 BC - Battle of Ilipa - Scipio roman soldiers destroy the remaining Carthaginian forces in Hispania, in which battle he used the reversed version of Hannibal's battle formation in Cannae.
 * 203 BC - Battle of Bagbrades - Scipio defeat the Carthaginian army of Hasdrubal Gisco and Syphax. Hannibal is called back to Africa.
 * 202 BC - Battle of Zama (October 19) - Scipio Africanus Major decisively defeats Hannibal in North Africa, ending the Second Punic War

The Macedonian Wars were a series of wars between ancient Rome, its allies, and the kingdom of Macedon.


 * First Macedonian War, (215 BC - 205 BC) - Philip V of Macedon was allied to Hannibal, Treaty of Phoenice (205), end of the war.
 * Second Macedonian War, (200 BC – 196 BC) - Battle of Cynoscephalae (-197) ant Treaty of Tempea (-196), Philip just kept his kingdom.

After the battle of Thermopylae, in 191 BC and the battle of Magnesia, in 190 BC. The Treaty of Apamea of 188 BC, between the Roman Republic and Antiochus III (the Great) gave the Romans the control over the west side of Anatolia and placed under these territories under the control of the client king of Pergamum.


 * Third Macedonian War, (171 BC - 168 BC) - Battle of Pydna (-168), Perseus of Macedon is captured. Roman (Paullus Aemilius) victory. Rome rules over Macedon kingdom which is divided in 4 republics under Roman influence.
 * Fourth Macedonian War, (150 BC - 148 BC) - revolt of Andriscus of Macedon (claimed to be a son of Perseus), quickly defeated. After this, the four republics were dissolved, and Macedon officially became the Roman province of Macedonia.


 * Third Punic War - 149-146 : free on all side, Roman use a conflict between Carthagians and Numedians to down the power of Carthage. After some propositions, Carthagians refused to move their city and went in War. Roman (Scipio Aemilianus Africanus) victory via massacre.

There were three Mithridatic Wars between Rome and Pontus in the first century BC. They are named after Mithridates VI who was the King of Pontus at that time, and became a famous enemy of Rome.
 * Social War (91–88 BC), between Rome and the Italian nations - Lex Plautia Papiria - Roman victory.
 * Sulla's first civil war (88–87 BC), Gaius Marius want the leadership of Mithridatic War, Sulla's legions walk to Rome, Marian fleet.


 * First Mithridatic War: 88 BC - 84 BC, romans led by Sulla, Battle of Chaeronea and Orchomenus 86 BC, rapid Peace of Dardanos (85 BC).
 * Sulla's second civil war (82–81 BC): When Sulla went to Asia, Marius return to Rome (87-86). After 85 Sulla hunt Marius' supporters - Sullan victory. Sullan 82´ Proscription. Pompey go to Africa and won for him 81.
 * Second Mithridatic War: 83 BC - 81 BC, no clear result.
 * Sertorius' revolt in Hispania (83–72 BC), between Rome and the provinces of Hispania under the leadership of Sertorius. Assassination of Sertorius in 73. Roman (Pompey 2de) victory.
 * Third Servile War (73–71 BC), between Rome and a slave insurrection in Italy led by Spartacus - Roman (Crassus & Pompey) victory.
 * Third Mithridatic War: 75 BC - 63 BC, romans led by Lucullus (75-66 BC) then by Pompey (66´ Lex Manilia to 63 BC). Roman (Pompey 4rd) victory. The force of the Kingdom of Pontus were ultimatly destroyed, and Rome affirmed its power over Anatolia.
 * Pirate War, 67 BC : By the Lex Gabinia of 67, Popey had 500 boat to fight pirates. End in ¨49 days¨, 846 boat destroyed. Roman (Pompey 3rd) victory.

First Triumvirate, in 62 Pompey disband his army, and then saw the opposition of the Senat (aggrarian duty to his veterans and Oriantal Pompeyan Treaty). Caesar and Crassus want more proeminant position, responsability and gouvernorship. In 60, Caesar is elected to the Consulship of 59, starting the game.
 * Caesar consul in 59, the Pompeyan will are voted. C. obtain the Gouvernorship of the Illyricum, Cisalpine & Transalpine : Gallic Wars 58-50. Caesarians war campaign against Ariovist, then to Belgium, then to the West cost. 54 revolt. 53-52 Vercingetorix revolt : Battle of Gergovia and Alesia 52.
 * Crassus and Pompey 55´ consuls, gave to C. 5 add years. While Caesar power grow, Pompey slide with more Optimates and against Caesar. The death of Julia (54) and Crassus (53), broke more the pact.
 * The governorship of Caesar stop in the end of 49, so C. have to obtain a new magistrature, even just to hope survive. The senate and Pompey want he disband his army first. The 1 january 49 : C. is outlaw, so he Cross the Rubicon (49).
 * Civil war : Caesar walk to Roma, then to the south of Italia, then to Spain. He went to Dalmatia to fight Pompey young and multy national army : Battle of Pharsalus (48). Pompey fleet to Egypt, death of Pompey, Alexandry, Cleopatra 47. Battle of Zela, Turkey 47. Africa Battle of Thapsus 47, Spain Battle of Munda 46. Italia 45 dictator for 10 years, -44 for life. Death on the 14 March 44.


 * Second Triumvirate (44), Double Battle of Philippi (42), 33 BC to Battle of Actium 31, Alexandria. Antony-Cleopatra 30 BC.