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Vinyl alcohol is a humectant. Its molecular formula is C2H4O. It comes in the form of a white powder. Vinyl alcohol is a main ingredient in latex paints, hair sprays, shampoos, and glues. Its average mass is 44.052601 Da and its monoisotopic mass is 44.026215 Da. It can also be known as ethenol or hydroxyethylene. It can irritate the skin or eyes, but is not otherwise harmful. It has several isomers.

It can be formed through either proton or ultraviolet irradiation of ices composed of water and acetylene. It can also be generated in cold plasma discharges of various small saturated alcohols such as ethanol.

It is often used in cosmetic products such as moisturizers and lotions, as it reduces water loss, increases water content, and repairs the skin barrier. It is also used in pharmaceuticals, and as an ophthalmic agent.

The existence of vinyl alcohol was first proposed by Erlenmeyer in 1881, but escaped detection for almost a century until 1973 when it was identified in an NMR photolysis experiment. Vinyl alcohol may also be an interstellar molecule, which contributes to its importance in science. Because of its large intermolecular distances and hence infrequent collisions between molecules, the interstellar medium offers favorable conditions for the existence of molecules which are stable with respect to intramolecular arrangement but are difficult to observe under normal conditions due to ionic rearrangements. Bouma and Radom estimated a full r0 structure of vinyl alcohol in 1978 using early molecular orbital calculations. However, there was a difference of more than 80 values found between the experimental ro structure and the theoretical ro structure, which led to new results about the structure of vinyl alcohol.

Vinyl alcohol is the simplest member of the enol class of molecules. However, it has proved an elusive target for experimental observation, as shown earlier. Attempts to prepare vinyl alcohol have usually produced its keto isomer acetaldehyde, a result which could be taken to show a low energy pathway connecting the enol and keto structures. Vinyl alcohol’s H1 charge is 0.443, its C2 charge is -0.75, its C3 charge is 0.199, its H4 charge is 0.151, its O5 charge is -0.547, its H6 charge is 0.261 and its H7 charge is 0.242. The distance between H1 and O5 is 0.987 ang, the distance between C2 and C3 is 1.344 ang, the distance between C2 and H6 is 1.097 ang, the distance between C2 and H7 is 1.092 ang, the distance between C3 and H4 is 1.096 ang, and the distance between C3 and O5 is 1.377 ang. The total electronic energy of vinyl alcohol is -153.8714273367 hartrees.