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The evolution homosexual perspective in world-wide

In the past perspecive, homosexual was defined to be one of illness. It is because people lack of scientific study in that time, and almost all the people admitted this opinion.Since homosexual was illness that time, they also created many kinds of "therapies" such like electric shock, hormone therapy, and surgery.

However, in 1975 the American Psychological Association removed homosexuality from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual and urged mental health professionals to work toward removing stigma from homosexuality. This was a huge accomplishment, however homosexuality was replaced with Ego-Dystonic homosexuality (defined as being homosexual but wishing not to be). This distinction was later dropped in 1987 (Haldeman, 1994).

Today, APA takes a firm stance regarding conversion therapies that try to change homosexuality, stating that there is no evidence to support the effectiveness of these "therapies." Furthermore, a vast amount of sexuality research suggests that homosexuality is not socially constructed but rather determined by biology. In fact research suggests that hormonal influences during fetal development may impact certain parts of the brain and in turn impact sexual orientation. Additionally, researchers have identified several physical differences between homosexual and heterosexual men all of which suggest that biology is at play in determining sexual orientation. These research findings extend into the animal kingdom as researchers have suggested that physiology largely impacts sexual behavior. Researchers have demonstrated that lesions in certain areas of the male rat brain can increase female-like sexual behavior (Agmo & Ellison, 2003). Thus treating something psychologically that is biologically determined makes about as much sense as trying to use talk therapy to change the color of an individuals eyes.

Sex Orientation and Science

Definition of Sexual Orientation

Sexual orientation is considered highly controversial in the modern world. It is defined as a person’s degree of physical, romantic, or sexual attraction to another person of the same sex, opposite sex or both sexes. These three main attractions are classified as heterosexuality, homosexuality, and bisexuality (Foster). Heterosexuals are the people who are attracted to members of the opposite gender. Gay, also called homosexuals are the people who are attracted to individuals of the same gender. Lesbian is the term preferred by women who are gay. On the other hand, individuals who have an attraction to both men and women are referred to as bisexuals (Foster). Over the years, society has viewed sexual orientation as an issue. A lot of people are against homosexuality and bisexuality. The many assumptions placed on these types of people have led to discrimination and prejudice. Whatever attraction it may be, sexual orientation is natural, not a choice and cannot be changed manually.

The Characteristic Difference between Gay and Straight Adults

Comparing gay and straight adults can be difficult because people get into homosexual and heterosexual relationships for various reasons. According to Researchers say that they have Found Genetic Differences Between gay, Straight men, the challenging comparison could be due to physical attraction, desire for material security, love or emotional connection. However, gay adults have varying characteristics with their straight counterparts. For example, relationships

among gay males often involve more sexual activity within and without the relationship when compared to a relationship between a female and a male. Straight and gay males and females have behavioral differences because of the evolutionary perspective (Researchers say that they have Found Genetic Differences Between gay, Straight men). It states that sexes experienced different pressures and concerns in the past thus causing them to behave differently. In different research that involved male respondents only, gay males preferred engaging in rough activities such as wrestling, while the straight ones preferred calm activities (Researchers say that they have Found Genetic Differences Between gay, Straight men). Therefore, even if they are different in various ways, gay and straight adults have similar sources of satisfaction and face similar types of challenges and problems in their relationships.

The Genetic Influence on Sexual Orientation

For a long time now, it has debated whether sexual orientation is determined by a person’s biological structure or environmental factors. In today’s age, many people still believe that having a different sexual orientation is a choice that is frowned upon in spite of different sexualities being accepted in a mainstream society. The only way to disapprove this belief is to research about the genetic influences about sexuality. A new study conducted in the United stated of America proves that homosexuality is as a result of a person’s DNA (Foster). When the genomes of straight, homosexual and heterosexual adults are compared, two particular DNA regions appear to be different between these groups (Foster). The first is the region that deals with brain development and hormone production. Biologists suggest that this region also plays an essential role in determining a person’s sexual identity. According to Foster, the other gene is one that is linked to thyroid function. Previously, this area was connected with sexual orientation. Therefore, various genetic underpinnings and biological mechanisms are fundamental for sexual orientation.

The Environment, Life Experience Influence Sexual Orientation

Non-shared environmental factors impact human sexual orientation. Childhood gender typicality and adult gender identity are the two main environmental factors that relate to this behavior. For people to create and sustain healthy sexual and intimate relationships, they need to go back to the original foundation of their sexual socialization. It helps them to see how their patterns of sexual behavior started. Most of the time, childhood memories teach people about sex and relationships, and these memories often affect the way people relate and mate during their adulthood (Kerner). For example, children who receive physical affection from their parents by being hugged and kissed end up being straight people. Additionally, how parents relate with each other determines their children’s sexual identity. If you have memories of your parents being rude and distant with each other, you might end up being a homosexual. Therefore, the type of childhood environment that one had greatly determines their sexual preferences when they grow up.

Childhood environments are divided into different categories based on how sexual topics are handled. The first type of home environment is the ideal environment. It can be said to be a happy home where sex talks are encouraged between parents and children. Additionally, age-appropriate information is provided and independence respected. According to Kerner, the predominantly nurturing home is similar to the ideal home. However, in the former, divorce, illness or remarriage cause a break in the smooth functioning of the environment. If you had an evasive home environment during your childhood, your parents generally avoided the subject of sexuality. As a result, such children find it uncomfortable to ask questions related to sexuality (Kerner). In future, such children become gay or lesbians. In a negative environment, sexual

talks are avoided entirely and premarital sex is considered as immorality. Such situations create the ground for sexual issues such as homosexuality and masturbation later in life. Researchers discover that people who are physically or sexually mistreated during their childhood tend to have same-sex sexuality in the latter days. Therefore, ideal, predominantly nurturing, permissive, adverse and seductive childhood environment all determine a person’s sexual orientation.

Reference:

Haldeman, D.C. (1994). The Practice and ethics of sexual orientation and conversion therapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62(2), 221-227.

Agmo, A., & Ellingsen, E. (2003). Relevance of non-human animal studies to the understanding of human sexuality. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 44(3), 293-301.

Foster, Ally. “Researchers say that they have Found Genetic Differences Between gay, Straight men.” New York Post, 8 Dec 2017. nypost.com/2017/12/08/researchers-say-they-have-found-genetic-differences-between-gay-straight-men/. Accessed on 28 Feb 2019.

Kerner, Ian. “How did your Childhood affect your Sexuality?” Chart, 22 Sep, 2011. thechart.blogs.cnn.com/2011/09/22/how-did-your-childhood-affect-your-sexuality/.Accessed on 3 Feb 2019.

“The Science behind a More Meaningful Understanding of Sexual Orientation.” Iflscience. www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/science-behind-more-meaningful-understanding-sexual-orientation/. Accessed on 28 Feb 2019