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Idiopathic head tremor (IHT) in dogs is characterized by involuntary lateral, up and down movement of the head. This movement is called a skull movement, like a shaking head doll. Idiopathic head tremor is also compared to human Parkinson's disease and the itching or infection of the ear is not the spontaneous shaking of the head. Idiopathic head tremor is ordinarily considered a benign disease characterized by uncontrollable head tremors, spontaneous initiation and cessation. These actions appear in the vertical or horizontal direction. The affected dogs showed alertness when shaking. This situation is considered idiopathic because the reason is not apparent. There are many reasons and principles for head sloshing such as nervous system disorders, seizures and head injuries, which are significant contributors to cause Idiopathic head tremor in dogs. According to veterinary care professionals, head tremors are usually not associated with any other Symptom|symptoms, although some dogs have other signs of disease in addition to head tremors. These may or may not be related to head earthquakes. This condition is usually more common in immature middle-aged dogs, and some varieties are more susceptible than others.

Type of patient
These varieties are more susceptible than others through research 291 dogs who were diagnosed with idiopathic head tremor, which include Spanish Hounds, Chow Chow, Samoyed dogs, Dobermans, Labrador Retrievers, Dalmatians dog, pitbulls, and Bulldogs. 88% of illnesses are more common before age 4, generally between 6 months and three years. Nevertheless, other ages range from the earliest three months to twelve years of age. Diagnosis of idiopathic head tremor is based on signals, clinical diagnosis of medical history, and the absence of coexisting nerves and signs that may explain tremor, as well as the presence of occasional and short duration characteristic head tremor. Idiopathic head tremor demonstrates vertical, horizontal, or rotational head tremors that generally occur in mature dogs under the age of 4. The onset of the disease is spontaneous at the beginning, sporadic in number and occurrence. The duration ranges from a few seconds to a few hours, but a significant number of episodes last no more than five minutes. Furthermore, tremors can occur when a dog is standing, resting, or sleeping. Older dogs with muscle atrophy tend to experience muscle fatigue, and muscles can sway when overworked. This type of tremor is usually easy to distinguish because the patient is an older dog and tremor begins when the patient stands longer than they want. When the muscles are tired, the tremor helps to release the stored glycogen/glucose, which causes the muscles to continue to contract. When the muscles are allowed to relax and the patient rests, the tremor is usually stopped. Mild tremor is rarely an important symptom; it is a more intense involuntary tremor and convulsion, which indicating neuromuscular disease.

Pathogenesis
"Idiopathic" means unknown. The detailed diagnostic criteria because of the exact cause of the tremor in the puppy's head is still unknown. However, The most likely reason is dyspraxia which is a condition that originates in the Basal ganglia which are a group of structures found deep within the cerebral hemispheres. The early stage of the disease is prone to nausea, vomiting and loss of appetite, followed by loss of balance, disorientation, circling, nystagmus and other manifestations. Anti-dizziness drugs can be used to make sick animals more comfortable. There is no treatment to speed up recovery. Steroids have no effect. Ocular tremor usually improves or disappears 3 to 5 days after onset. The patient's balance ability will also improve or even be normal, but there may be mild defects. If there are still symptoms of taro in the 6 months after the onset, it will no longer improve. The disease can recur, and the symptoms are often more severe when relapsed.

Another theory is that the affected dogs have a abnormal trigeminal nerve which refer to a chronic pain condition that affects the trigeminal nerve and carries feelings from your face to your brain. The theory is that when the dog's attention is diverted, the shaking stops temporarily as the neck muscles contract, releasing the stretching mechanism that causes the tremors in the first place. In both cases, investigations have traced the infection to a common ancestor, suggesting the condition may be genetic. Finally, stress is also suspected of causing idiopathic head tremors.

Diagnosis
The diagnosis of Idiopathic head tremor in dogs is based on clinical diagnosis of signal and medical history, and the lack of concurrent nerves and signs that may explain tremor, the presence of characteristic idiopathic head tremors that occasionally occur in short duration. So, Idiopathic head tremor can only be diagnosed by excluding the original diagnosis at the present stage. Therefore, other diseases must be investigated and excluded to diagnose idiopathic head tremor. Diagnostic tests are usually the vet will do this by excluding other causes and narrowing the scope. The first step is to conduct a comprehensive physical examination for dog body, which is a complete assessment of your dog's entire body, including vital signs, auscultation and palpation. Moreover, the second step is performed with bile acid tests, eye exams, brain MRI, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). These tests will enable the veterinarian to ensure that your dog's behaviour is not caused by an eye or progressive central nervous system problems. Dogs with idiopathic head tremors had no other neurological abnormalities, and both MRI and cerebrospinal fluid analyses produced reasonable results.

Affirm diagnosis must exclude the following

(1) There are other abnormal signs of the nervous system other than tremor.

(2) Application of drugs or drug withdrawal states and diseases that can cause tremors.

(3) There are clear neurological trauma within 3 months before the occurrence of tremor, including tremors in which the head trauma is consistent with the distribution of peripheral nerve trauma. (4) There are obvious psychogenic factors that can cause tremor.

(5) The tremor suddenly occurs or rapidly deteriorates.

On the other hand, the veterinarian may also perform clinical diagnosis based on the posture, activity state, rest state and frequency of the puppy when he or she is sick. According to these clinical manifestations, it can be judged as primary head tremor or idiopathic head tremor. And based on these can draw a diagnostic method.

There is a serious disease of chronic renal failure that can lead to Idiopathic head tremor, which may also include inflammatory brain disease or epilepsy. Diseases associated with adrenal insufficiency, as well as demyelinating diseases, can also cause dog shaking. When their anus sac is full, the dog's head may shake. Therefore, a complete neurological examination should be performed, including examination of his eyes and pupillary light reflections. He should test all his reactions. If no abnormalities are found, then the possibility of heavy metal intake should normally be checked. The X-rays on his abdomen usually determine if he has swallowed any metal objects. Blood tests may be needed to look for infections, anemia, organ damage caused by ingestion of toxins, thyroid function and other problems. Hot viruses can cause facial paralysis or tremors, but they are often referred to as "chewing gum seizures" because they look like they are chewing gum. Dogs with one of these types of seizures are usually unable to respond to commands during the episode. Puppies may also have a shunt of the liver causing tremors. The shunt is a shunt that abnormally forms blood vessels in the liver and causes the blood ammonia level to become too high. High ammonia levels can lead to Idiopathic head tremor

Treatment
Idiopathic head tremor in dogs is no proper treatment for idiopathic head tremor. It is not susceptible to tremors, but rather feels the pressure of the owner's reaction when a dog has symptoms. Therefore, there are excellent remission method of distracting puppy by giving him peanut butter, Karo syrup, or taking him for a walk. Another treatment is that eating sugar-rich foods can immediately relieve tremors when blood sugar levels are normal.Symptoms usually resolve spontaneously within 72 hours. Head and movement difficulties usually improve within 7-10 days. The vast majority of patients recover within two to three weeks, and a few will leave behind the sequelae of head tilt and walking swing, but usually do not affect the quality of life of pets. Intravenous infusions are usually given to the dog to compensate for water loss due to vomiting and non-feeding.In addition, phenobarbital can be taken as appropriate when idiopathic head tremor is often confused with seizures. However, this drug is difficult to improve idiopathic head tremors and long-term use may be harmful to health. The condition of idiopathic head tremor is very similar to that of focal epilepsy, so it is necessary to distinguish dogs suffer from idiopathic head tremor or local epilepsy, rather than the use of antiepileptic drugs to dogs. Because of it harmful to idiopathic head tremor in dogs. So the most helpful treatment for idiopathic head tremor is to distract the puppy.

New findings
More research results are reported in increase time. For example,15% of the Idiopathic head tremor in dogs reportedly had a rotational head tremor, these involuntary tremors will affect the head and neck, also frequently repeated during brief periods. When dogs are excited or tired are also a significant contributor to the involuntary tremors. It can control itself in a short period of time and has no significant effect on behaviour. At this stage, postural tremors are reflex and occur rapidly, lasting only a few seconds. With the increase of seismic amplitude, it is often difficult to control. Limited data can merely suggest that these symptoms occur more frequently during the night, however, which can be explained by increasing the number of time owners spend interacting with their pets. The cessation of head tremors and changes in the neck position is not well understood, consequently the mechanism of IHS traction reflexes remains to be further studied. Even the important reasons for Idiopathic head tremor in dogs are hard to determine, but recent research suggests that the following factors may also be important contributors to Idiopathic head tremor in dogs：Hormonal changes, such as dog puberty, or pregnancy, childbirth and lactation. The growth of the juvenile dog suddenly occurred. Low blood: glucose levels. Low calcium levels. Genetic factors; this usually occurs in specific breeds and breeds.

Recent studies have also shown that there is still no treatment or treatment for idiopathic head tremors in dogs, as very few idiopathic head tremors in dogs pose a risk and that the disease does not have any lasting effect on the health of the dog. And when the dog is a juvenile or a young adult, this type of head tremor usually begins to become apparent and they are unlikely to appear for the first time in later life. Dogs with this condition should not be used for reproduction because the condition may be hereditary. However, when the dog experiences tremor for the first time, it is best to arrange a veterinary appointment for the dog so that any other conditions, such as inner ear disease or epilepsy, can be clearly excluded. This is especially important if your dog matures in the first episode to ensure that no other disease occurs.

No drugs or surgery can stop the disease, except that when you try to interrupt your dog when it trembles, nothing can stop the disease. Final diagnosis of the condition involves first excluding other problems, and various conditions including certain types of small seizures, or even problems such as deafness infections can often exhibit similar symptoms.