User:ZacharyFranciscoOSU/sandbox

Article 1: Climate Proxies Notes
 * Defined as preserved physical characteristics of the past that can be utilized to indicate past climate conditions
 * Examples: ice cores, tree rings, corals, sub-fossil pollen etc.
 * Proxies are cross-verified to improve accuracy
 * Not all proxies are uniform, more in the Northern hemisphere
 * Ice cores - cylindrical samples from within ice sheets
 * Isotopes of ice cores indicate temperature
 * Can reveal the climate records for the past 650,000 years
 * Tree rings
 * Reveals climate for past thousands of years
 * Fossil leaves
 * CO2 content of past atmospheres for leaves
 * Boreholes
 * Do not require calibration
 * Record the surface temperature
 * Potential risk of contamination by groundwater
 * Corals
 * Ocean coral skeletal rings
 * Cooler temps, corals used heavier isotopes
 * Warmer temps, coral used more normal oxygen isotopes
 * Pollen grains
 * Found in sediments
 * Measure layers of varve
 * Water isotopes and temp reconstruction
 * Imply glacial-interglacial temp changes were twice as large than previously believed
 * Hydrogen and oxygen isotopes
 * Isotope fractionation - the vapour pressure of heavier isotopes is lower, so the vapour contains more of the lighter isotopes and when precipitation occurs heavier isotopes are present
 * Pseudoproxies - the skill of combing proxy data
 * Proxy records are compared with the known temperature of the model