User:Zainmehm7/sandbox/final

The Cun language is one language that is going extinct. The people of Cun are considered Han Chinese nationality by the Chinese government even though they have a separate life and history. The officializing of the Cun language and people as an official ethnicity is essential to the Chinese government. Hence, the labelling of what family of language Cun goes to is ongoing. Ouyang considers the Cun language an internally diverse language. The Cun language shares similarities to the Hlai language, a language spoken in the mountains of central and south-central Hainan China by the Hlai people. The people of Cun are called the Gelong people, and the language can also be called Gelong. The Cun people were Han Chinese who migrated to the Hainan Island and met with Li people. The Hainan Island is located in the South China Sea, with its North and West facing Vietnam and the Leizhou Peninsula. This geographical aspect of the island made intermingling easy. This is why a new language and ethnic identity came to be - when the people of Cun migrated there, they mixed and also brought their language, starting a new identity. The Cun people call each other village people, and the Cun language is considered a village language. People speaking different languages are located in different parts of Hainan Island. As an effect of interaction between non-Sinitic and Sinitic people, foreign multi-lingual and diversity were developed in other parts of the Island. Such as the Gelong people.

Classification
Cun comes from the Kadai branch of the Tai-Kadai linguistic family, which isn’t related to the Chinese language. The Chinese language has also influenced the Cun language, and many words are from Chinese. Forty-five thousand speakers of the Cun language live among the majority of the Chinese people in Dongfang county. The Cun language reported is now spoken in Dongfang city, also known as Basuo. There are around 80,000 speakers of the Cun language altogether.

The Hlai language and the Cun language share 38% of the vocabulary, but Cun is not considered a dialect of Hlai. Other Hlai dialects share 60-70% similarities when it comes to lexical items while the Cun language does not—making the Cun related to the Hlai dialects but not from. When it comes to implosive consonants, words such as belly and mouth have implosive consonants. However, the implosive consonants could be an areal feature and not a native aspect of the Cun language. Also, the Cun language has phonological aspects not found in other languages or dialects such as Hlai. The consonant aspect consists of a voiceless dental stop /t/ and a voiceless interdental fricative  /θ/:/tθ/. Words that contain this consonant include snow and the number seven. Cun has /e/ and /a/ in the vowel inventory (and no /e/).

The Chinese language has 755 lexical items that it shares with the Cun language. Because of China’s influence on the people of Cun, it is understandable to see such an influence on the language. When looking at different nouns and adjectives, around 25-30% are similar to Chinese while 15-20% when it comes to Hlai. Around one-fifth of items are shared between Gelong and Hlai, 21.5%, while with Chinese, it is higher but not considerably at 28.7%. When it comes to nouns, verbs, numerals, the Cun language is similar to Chinese more than Ha Lo, but when it comes to adjectives and pronouns, it more similar to Hlai. However, many words are also without loaning, and the Cun language itself shows signs of development not found in other languages of the Hlai dialects

Cun is related to Chinese by the set of words shared and the reading pronunciation of standardised Chinese characters. In terms of pronunciation. The Cun language has a kind of devoicing similar to Mandarin. It aspirated under the level tones and unaspirated elsewhere. Also, the Quanzhou xiangsheng category has the same tonal reflex as gushing. But the final -p, -k, -t preservation is similar to the early Mandarin layer of reading pronunciations in Nanchang Gan. However, the Cun is not related to the Hainan dialect of Chinese characters. It is believed that Cun may have come from a Southern Chinese dialect from the mainland. Maybe from Guangxi of southern Hunan. The speakers of the Cun language may have abandoned Chinese after arriving in Hainan. They may have adopted a language similar to Li while still retaining lexical aspects of their Chinese dialect. The Gelong people use Han Chinese words to refer to male relatives and Cun words to refer to females. There are differences between Hainan Min and the Cun language from one to six, but seven to ten sound the same when it comes to numerals. The possibility of the Cun language going through possible changes through its development is evident when one looks at the sound similarity between the Cun and Tai Kadai family’s Hlai language.

An example of cognate items in terms of the Hlai language would be the word “one”, which is tsi4 in Cun, while in Northern Hlai Xifang, it is tshei3. At the same time, the term “skin” is naŋ1 in Cun, while in Hlai, it’s the same, naŋ1. When it comes to vocabulary items with source from Hainan Min, the word “yellow” in Cun is vɔŋ1 while in Hainan Min, ʔuaŋ33. When it comes to the word “cold,” the Cun language is duŋ2, while for Hainan Min, it is duŋ51.

Overall, the impact of the Han language on minority languages is essential to note. The influence of minority languages such as Cun is locational when it comes to the Han Chinese language. The Cun language - is a language that has many mysteries in terms of researching languages in danger. The Cun helps and could help linguists understand the difficult birth and development of languages, especially when it comes to locations where many languages intermingled.