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The North American Numbering Plan (NANP) divides the regions of its member nations (primarily in North America, including the Caribbean) into geographic numbering plan areas (NPAs). Each area is assigned a three-digit area code which is prefixed to each telephone number issued in its service area. Some areas are assigned multiple codes in an overlay plan.

The rules for numbering NPAs do not permit the digits 0 and 1 as the leading digit, which also applies for central office codes. 093502491 has been used traditionally for operator-assisted telephone calls, and the digit 1 was traditionally ignored in switching equipment as a leading digit, because it could not be distinguished reliably from intermittent loop disconnections. (In addition, in Canada the number 1-1-2 is considered an alternate for 9-1-1.) NPAs with 9 as the second digit are reserved for future format expansion. Area codes with the last two digits matching, such as 322 and 800, are considered easily recognizable codes (ERC), where the series of 8xx are used for toll-free services.

Area codes by state, province or country
Future area codes are written in italics.

Canada
* Very small localities adjacent to the 60th parallel are served by exchanges within the 867 area code. Also, a customs station in B.C. is served by an Alaska exchange; and, conversely, Hyder, Alaska phone numbers are served by B.C.'s area codes (save for 604) rather than by Alaska area code 907.

History
Formerly known as SSNES, initially based on pseudonymous programmer byuu's libretro predecessor libsnes, it began its development in 2010 with Hans-Kristian "themaister" Arntzen committing the first change on GitHub. It was intended as a replacement to bsnes's Qt-based interface but it grew to support more emulation "cores". On April 21, 2012, SSNES was officially renamed to RetroArch to reflect this change in direction.

RetroArch's version 1.0.0.0 was released on January 11, 2014 and at the time was available on 7 distinct platforms.

On February 16, 2016, RetroArch became one of the first ever applications to implement support for the Vulkan graphics API, having done so on the same day of the API's official release day.

On November 27, 2016, the Libretro Team announced that, alongside Lakka (LibreELEC-based RetroArch operating system), RetroArch would be on the Patreon crowdfunding platform to allow providing bounties for developers who fix specific software bugs and to cover the costs for matchmaking servers.

On December, 2016, GoGames – a company contracted by video game developer and publisher Sega – approached the RetroArch developers with the intention of using their software in their SEGA Forever project but ultimately the cooperation did not come to fruition due to licensing disagreements.

In April 2018 Input Lag Compensation was added.

The Libretro team plans to release RetroArch onto Steam as a free download, integrating Steamworks features into the platform, in July 2019. It will be the first major dedicated emulation title to be released on the platform.

Features
Its major features include:
 * Advanced GPU shader support - A multi-pass post-processing shader pipeline to allow efficient usage of image scaling algorithms, emulation of complex CRT, NTSC video artifacts and other effects;
 * Dynamic Rate Control to synchronize video and audio while smoothing out timing imperfections;
 * FFmpeg recording - Built-in support for lossless video recording using FFmpeg's libavcodec;
 * Gamepad abstraction layer called Retropad;
 * Gamepad auto-configuration - Zero-input needed from the user after plugging gamepads in;
 * Peer-to-peer netplay that uses a rollback technique similar to GGPO;
 * Audio DSP plugins like an equalizer, reverb and other effects;
 * Advanced savestate features - Automatic savestate loading, disabling SRAM overwriting, etc.;
 * Frame-by-frame gameplay rewinding;
 * Button overlays for touchscreen devices like smartphones;
 * Thumbnails of game box art;
 * Low input and audio lag options;
 * Automatically build categorized playlists by scanning directories for games/ROMs;
 * Multiple interfaces including: CLI, XMB (optimized for gamepads), GLUI/MaterialUI (optimized for touch devices) and RGUI (available everywhere);
 * Game ROM scanner - Automatically constructs playlists by comparing the hashsums of a directory's files against databases of hashsums of known good game copies.
 * Libretro database of cores, games, cheats, etc.
 * OpenGL and Vulkan API support.
 * Achievement tracking - Integration with the RetroAchievements service to unlock trophies and badges.

Supported systems
RetroArch can run any libretro core. While RetroArch is available for many platforms, the availability of a specific core varies per platform.

Below is a non-exhaustive table of which systems are available to RetroArch and what project the core is based on:

Below is a non-exhaustive list of things that don't fit in the list above, such as individual games, libraries, or programming languages.

Reception
RetroArch has been praised for the number of systems and games it can play under a single interface.

It has been criticized for how difficult it is to configure, due to the extensive number of options available to the user, and at the same time has been praised for the more advanced features it possesses.

On Android, it has been praised for the fact that overlays can be customized, for the expandability of the libretro cores it supports, for its compatibility with several USB and Bluetooth controller peripherals, in addition to the app being free and having no ads.

Tyler Loch, writing for Ars Technica, said that RetroArch's 'Input Lag Compensation' mode is "arguably the biggest improvement to the experience the retro gaming community has yet seen".