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Psammophiidae Bourgeois, 1968 is found in Africa, the Middle East, Madagascar, southern Europe, and south-central Asia, and consists of eight genera and approximately 50 extant species (Table 1), approximately 30 of which belong to the type genus Psammophis Boie, 1825. Dipsina Jan, 1863 (one species), Dromophis Peters, 1869 (two species), Hemirhagerrhis Boettger, 1893 (four species), Malpolon Fitzinger, 1826 (three species), Mimophis Günther, 1868 (one species), Psammophylax Fitzinger, 1843 (four species), and Rhamphiophis Peters, 1854 (five species) are among the other genera. Numerous phylogenetic studies based on immunological data (Cadle, 1994) and mitochondrial DNA sequences (Gravlund, 2001, Vidal and Hedges, 2002, Kelly et al., 2003, Nagy et al., 2003) have established the family's monophyly. Psammophiidae is also distinguished by various morphological synapomorphies, most notably the vestigial nature.