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Cohen-Boyer Process

In essence, the Cohen-Boyer process of genetic alteration is the method in which recombinant DNA from one organism is targeted, spliced and introduced to an unrelated organism’s DNA. The revolutionary process allowed the introduction, replication, and thus, transferal of genetic material between living organisms —  primarily viruses, plasmids, and bacteria. The Cohen-Boyer Process expanded on previous efforts developed by biochemist, Paul Berg, but were the first to demonstrate the viability and importance of recombinant DNA in genetic modification.

Patents

As the Cohen-Boyer Process was groundbreaking in its time, Diamond v. Chakrabarty was a United States Supreme Court case that ensued from the debate and controversy of granting patent rights to processes that genetically alter life forms. The Supreme Court Ruled in 5-4 favor to allow patents of genetically modified processes to be sought.

Stanford was tasked with creating a licensing program that aligned with its university’s goals of being champions of research for the public good and allowing the process to be distributed to as many companies as possible to further increase income to the universities, but ultimately, to foster science and research. This ended up creating thousands of new products that benefited humanity and a billion dollar biotech revolution.