User:Zhalgin/Alladin

Alladin (, علاء الدين, ʻAlāʼ ad-Dīn, 阿拉丁 .the protagonist of one of the most famous Arabian tales included in the collection of the Thousand and One Nights. Some modern researchers believe that initially this tale was not included in the collection, but is a later Western “layering”.

History of detection and translation
French writer Antoine Gallan, who published the first translation of “Thousand and One Nights”, included the story about Aladdin, but this tale is not found in any Arabic handwritten or printed editions, because of which Gallan was long suspected of falsification. Gallan began his translation of the Thousand and One Nights in 1704. According to the diaries of Gallan himself, he managed to learn about the existence of a fairy tale as follows: on March 25, 1709, he met with a certain Maronite scholar named Hannah (Yuchenna) Diab, brought to Paris from the Syrian city of Aleppo by the famous traveler in the East, Paul Lucas. In his diary, Gallan explains that he made the translation of "Aladdin" in the winter of 1709-1710. He included a fairy tale in the IX and X volumes of his publication Thousand and One Nights. John Payne, a researcher on the life and work of Gallan, believes that by the time Gallan met Hannah, the first six volumes of the translation (1704-1705) were definitely out of print, and volumes 7 and 8 were also published or were being prepared for publication. Hannah soon began to feel sympathy for the inquisitive Frenchman, and further offered to help him in compiling the following volumes, promising to supply him with a rich material, which he, as a narrator, perfectly mastered.

“He told me,” Gallan writes, “a few elegant Arabian tales that he himself volunteered to write down for me later.” After that, the diary has a lacuna, and the next entry dates back to May 5: “Maronite Hannah finished telling me a story about Lampe”.

Hannah stayed in Paris until the autumn of the same year, and taking advantage of this time, Gallan wrote down several other stories from his words, later included in volumes 9–12 of the study. These were "Baba Abdullah" and "Sidi Nu'yman", (May 13, 1709) "The Magic Horse", (May 22, 1709) "Prince Ahmed and Paris Banu", (May 25, 1709) " Two older sisters who envied the younger one ”, (May 27, 1709)“ Ali Baba and forty thieves ”, (May 29, 1709),“ Khoja Hassan Alhabbal ”and“ Ali Khoja ”(May 31, 1709).

Maronite Hannah went home, probably in October 1709, as a new entry appears in Gallan's diary: “October 25th. Tonight I received a letter from Hanna from Marseille. Written in Arabic, dated on the 17th, writes that he arrived there in good health. ”

Finally, on November 10, another entry appears in the diary, dedicated to the tale of Aladdin:"Вчера взялся читать арабскую сказку о Лампе, которую более года назад записал для меня на арабском же языке маронит из Дамаска — его привозил с собой мсье Лукас. Надо будет перевести её на французский. К утру дочитал целиком. Вот её полное название: „История об Аладдине, сыне портного, и приключениях, выпавших на его долю по вине африканского колдуна и посредством лампы.“"

Gallan immediately sat down for the translation, which was completed two weeks later. According to the diary, the XI volume “1001 nights,” which included the stories of Hannah, was finally translated into French on January 11, 1711. Finally, a diary entry dated August 24, 1711 notes that Gallan completed the selection of fairy tales that he intended to include in volume 11 of his publication in the future.

Doubts about authenticity
Publications of the 8th volume of “1001 nights” were accompanied by a rather unpleasant incident, to which Galan himself had nothing to do. He specifically mentioned in the preface to the publication that the fairy tales “Zayn Al-Asnam”, “Kodadad and his brothers” and “Princess Daryabar” did not have the slightest relation to Arabic folklore and were voluntarily added by the publisher who wished to fill the “lacuna” in this way. These tales were of Persian origin, and became known in France due to the fact that they were recorded by another folklorist, Petit de la Croix, “a professor and reader of the king in terms of [translation] from Arabic,” and were part of, very similar to the “1001 nights”, however, bearing the name “Thousand and One Days” (hezar-o-yek ruz). Borrowing was done without the knowledge of de la Croix and without the knowledge of Gallan, who, outraged by such arbitrariness, was forced to delay the publication of the next volume and change the publisher; moreover, he specifically stipulated that “extra” tales should be removed from the second edition. Death prevented him from fulfilling this intention.

It is not known whether this story settled in later researchers doubts about the authenticity of the fairy tale, or the fact that after Gallan’s death, neither the archive nor anywhere else could find the Arabic original “Aladdin”, moreover - this fairy tale did not contain in one of the manuscripts known at the time, “1001 Nights,” voices began to be heard that Galan composed this tale, and perhaps several others, himself, using his knowledge of life in the Arab East, and added to his collection so that increase its volume. It is worth noting that skeptics in their assumptions are by no means unanimous, and, being all agree among themselves, that Galan allegedly did not disdain literary falsifications, they do not agree on how many fairy tales belong to his pen. They were called from two to three (Zayn Al-Asnam, Awakening the Sleeper and Aladdin proper) to the bold assumption that no more than 282 are genuine, all others were invented by Gallan, who formed this way for centuries European vision of the East. Professor Henry Palmer was most cautious in this discussion, noting that some of the “1001 Nights” tales may have Persian roots and are associated with the well-known cycle about Harun-ar-Rashid.

Content
Aladdin is often described as the son of the Persian tailor Hassan, but in some translations, including the translation of Salyo, he is Chinese, who was attracted to his students by a dervish from the Maghreb in order to get the magic lamp. With the help of this lamp, Aladdin gained power over the genie, married the princess Budur and began to live in the sultan's palace.

Tale of Aladdin in the theater and cinema

 * Leon Bakst designed the Aladdin revue, which was staged in Paris, by the Marigny Theater in 1919. Costume designs are preserved. In the 661966 year   on the screens of the "Soviet Union" camedy comedy "The Magic Lamp of Aladdin".  The Italian composer Nino Rota wrote the opera Aladdin and the Magic Lamp (1968).  In 1992, the Walt Disney Studios based on the tale of Aladdin released a full-length animated film, Aladdin, in which many details of the plot were changed. The cartoon has become one of the most successful films of the studio, receiving two awards Ос Oscar   . The success of the cartoon led to the creation of two full-length sequels - “The Return of Jafar” and “Aladdin and the King of Thieves”, as well as the animated series “Aladdin”, the plot of which had little to do with the original fairy tale. Despite the world fame and great popularity, the cartoon caused an extremely negative reaction in the Arab world. In   2019, the movie “Aladdin”, a film adaptation of the cartoon, appeared on the screens, in which Aladdin played the role of Mena Massoud.  Персона Character's page on imdb.com    In   2009, the film “en: Aladin (2009 film) [Aladdin (film, 2009)] came out in“ Bollywood ”.  In 2015, the French-Belgian comedy “New Adventures of Aladdin” was released, the main role was played by Kev Addams. In 2018, the company "Pathé!" announced the release date of the sequel, October 3, 2018. Kev Addams will once again play the role of Aladdin. The film also starred Jammel Dabuz.

Links

 * The Arabian Nights by Andrew Lang в проекте «Гутенберг».
 * The Arabian Nights by Andrew Lang в проекте «Гутенберг».