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Gender based violence, called GBV, has peaked in new society and is discussed to be encouraged by three major aspects. GBV describes the immorality targeted towards an individual's preference which according to Andrea Wirtz "... results from power inequalities based on gender roles." Andrea also states that the individuals who wreak violence towards the trans society aim for "...gender nonconformity, gender identity, and perceived sexual orientation which should be considered within broader discussion." These three specific topics have a critical role in the increase of LGBTQ violence.

Gender Nonconformity

The first branch of the topic is gender nonconformity in gender-based violence. The term gender nonconformity describes any human who at heart declines the sex gender assigned to them at birth. As Doctor Cary L. Klemmer states "...the prevalence of violence by level of SAGNC showed increased levels of violence experienced by socially assigned gender nonconforming adolescents compared with socially assigned gender conforming adolescents." In other words, based on individuals' experiences, hate and crime has occurred more frequently towards the LGBTQ of the community rather than what society calls the "norms." For example, a bullying survey comparing gender conforming and gender nonconforming was conducted one of the U.S. High School, the results showed 21.8% gender conforming students said they have been bullied while 32.1% gender nonconforming students said they have been bullied. Looking at these statistics, it leads to the conclusion that bullying comes from the difference in gender beliefs.

Gender Identity

The second branch of the topic is gender identity in gender-based violence. The term gender identity describes the personal sense of one's own gender. Write Nieto states "A change in the ways violence against the LGBT community is manifested ... shifting towards more subtle and unnoticed manifestations." Some of these shifts include verbal forms of violence, homophobic jokes, graffities and threats, social distance, etc. Nieto follows up on that statement by saying "... violence and discrimination based on gender identity has consequences in three spheres of the LGBT university students' life." To paraphrase what Nieto states about the three consequences, it affects the health status including physical and mental, academic performances, and negatively affects relationality of sexual minority students. Nieto posts ways of helping prevent this violence against gender identity individuals, she states "... generating profound awareness of university members is necessary to be able to face the problem of LGBT-phobia." Phrasing it differently, of course spreading awareness through kids at a young age is an efficient way to help prevent this violence in the future. Even though there are ways to help, of course there are still aspects of this topic that need to be talked about to acknowledge others on the behavior that needs to be changed.

Perceived Sexual Orientation

One of the last branches of the topic, although there are others, is perceived sexual orientation in gender-based violence. The term sexual orientation describes an individual's physical, romantic, or emotional attraction to members of the same orientation. Karel Blondeel conducted a study including a total of 202 607 sexual and gender minority participants. The end results of this study, according to Karel, "the prevalence of physical and sexual violence ranged from 6% to 25% ... For transgender people the prevalence ranged from 11.8% to 68.2%." To put this in perspective, 55/484 gender minority participants experienced violence towards them while 75/110 transgender participants experienced violence towards them. At the end of the study, Karel gives advice on what should be done to help prevent this violence which includes "... more data on the prevalence, risk factors and consequences of physical and sexual violence motivated by different geographical and cultural settings." Adding on to that advice, national violence prevention policies should include sexual and gender minorities.

1. Wirtz, A. L., Poteat, T., Malik, M., & Glass, N. (2020). Gender-Based Violence Against Transgender People in the United States: A Call for Research and Programming. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 21(2), 227–241. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838018757749

2. Ehrensaft, D. (2017). Gender nonconforming youth: current perspectives. Adolescent Health, Medicine and Therapeutics, Volume 8, 57–67. https://doi.org/10.2147/ahmt.s110859

3.Klemmer, C. L., Rusow, J. A., Goldbach, J. T., Kattari, S. K., & Rice, E. (2021d). Socially Assigned Gender Nonconformity and School Violence Experience Among Transgender and Cisgender Adolescents. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(15–16), NP8567–NP8589. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260519844781

4. Nieto, E. M. G., Gómez, A., Gairal-Casadó, R., & Del Mar Ramis-Salas, M. (2021). Sexual orientation, gender identity and gender expression-based violence in Catalan universities: qualitative findings from university students and staff. Archives of Public Health, 79(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-021-00532-4

5. Blondeel, K., De Vasconcelos, S., García-Moreno, C., Stephenson, R., Temmerman, M., & Toskin, I. (2018). Violence motivated by perception of sexual orientation and gender identity: a systematic review. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 96(1), 29-41L. https://doi.org/10.2471/blt.17.197251