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Annotated Bibliography
The research article titled "Phylogenetic relationships among members of the Comamonadaceae, and description of Delftia acidovorans" discusses Delftia and relationships within the family Comamonadaceae. An important decision made by the researchers was to rename Comamonas acidovorans as Delftia acidovorans .The name change occurred due to sufficient differences against the family, supported by phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence. The word Delftia refers to the city of Delft, and it is categorized as straight or moderately curved rods. The Delftia bacteria are gram-negative, occurring singularly or in pairs. Delftia is capably of motility due to flagella around the cell surface. Catalase and oxidase enzymes are present in Delftia, and it is aerobic and Poly-P-hydroxybutyrate is used as energy storage (glucose). Delftia produces neither endospores nor fluorescent pigmentation; it does not denitrify and it is not autotrophic. Delftia grows well on nutrient agar plates that do not consist of glucose. Delftia is mesophilic, with the optimum growth temperature of 30 degrees celsius; it does not survive in psychrophilic conditions. Delftia is a non-halophile, meaning that it prefers environments with minimal to no salt concentrations (NaCl). Delftia can be found in the soil, freshwater, sludge, oxidase, and samples taken for clinical use. This research article paved the way for future Delftia research by creating a separate niche for it.

The research study "Delftia acidovorans: A rare pathogen in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients" looks at the case of a patient with D. acidovorans pneumonia who as successfully cured using antibiotic therapy. A leukemia cancer patient was admitted to the hospital due to developing cough, fever, and other pneumonia-like symptoms. Her conditions worsened in the following days due to the unknown cause of pneumonia, but direct examination of sputum identified the bacteria as gram-negative; it was plated on MacConkey Agar and the cells were recognized as Delftia acidovorans. MacConkey Agar allows the growth of gram-negative bacteria that can ferment lactose. Apart from this case study, numerous but infrequent cases have also identified D. acidovorans as the cause/source behind bacterial pneumonia and other lung infections. Delftia is rarely found in immunocompromised patients with underlying conditions, but it is clinically important whenever it arises. However, it may also (rarely) be found in immunocompetent patients who do not suffer from conditions like HIV and AIDS or chronic kidney diseases. The rareness of Delftia as a disease causing agent is guilty for the difficulty in recording its pathogenicity. It is known that Delftia is resistant to some antibiotic treatments, but the researchers state that more research is needed to fully understand Delftia and its characteristics.

This research article titled "Gold Recycling. Using Delftibactin to Recycle Gold from Electronic Waste." examines how gold can be recycled using Delftia avidovorans by sequencing and analyzing mechanisms. The important discovery represented by this article is the gold precipitating nature of delfibactin. Delfibactin is a metabolite that is non-ribosomal, and it is a peptide produced by Delftia acidovorans. Specifically, delfibactin is what can be used to recycle gold from electronics. Being able to use delfibactin on a large scale for recycling gold and reducing electronic waste would be a great step towards reducing pollution and it is environmentally friendly too. The researchers utilized delfibactin to precipitate gold from solutions that contain gold metal ions. The researchers developed clones of the genes that encode the delfibactin peptide in D. acidovorans in order to express them in the gram-negative, universally known, E. coli bacteria. They first attempted to insert the genes into the "methylmalonyl-CoA" pathway, but they were unsuccessful in getting viable results. So, they developed a new strategy. They amplified two plasmids from the mm-CoA pathway and "PPTase sfp" from Bacillus subtillis. Their experiments and analyses find that delfibactin can be used as an efficient compound for recycling gold to combat the immense electronic pollution problem that is steadily increasing. Recycling gold from electronic waste can be reused in modern technology especially since there is a high demand and expanding market of technology. Using delfibactin to recycle gold will be an efficient, quicker, cost-effective, cleaner, and less energy consuming method as compared to current slow and high-energy consuming methods. By inputting the delfibactin genes of D. acidovorans into E. coli, delfibactin can be mass produced due to the commonality of E. coli. Thus gold recycling can be conducted on a large scale as well.

The research article "Engineering Delftia acidovorans DSM39 to produce polyhydroxyalkanoates from slaughterhouse waste" develops a way to use D. acidovorans to produce PHAs for slaughterhouse waste. D. acidovorans is a well-known PHA producer, but it does not work on waste material consisting of fatty acids. Their research was aimed at developing a DNA recombinant strain of D. acidovorans that is able to produces PHAs on fatty acids as the only carbon source. The aim of their research is to use D. acidovorans as an efficient way of converting fatty acids into PHAs that have multiple uses in the medical industry. PHAs are becoming an increasingly important and viable alternative to plastic equpiment made from depleting natural resources and through the burning of fossil fuels. By using D. acidovorans as a PHA producer on a large scale, environmentally-friendly alternatives can be developed that will still be as useful and strong as regular plastic. Through their experiments and results, the researchers were able to fatty-acid related bacteria were successfully isolated from the slaughterhouse waste. The success in experiments led to the animal fats like lard and butter being used as the sole carbon source in powering the pathways. Their research and results are significant because it creates a whole field of utilizing D. acidovorans for this purpose; since there is no real shortage of animal fat, they can be recycled as non-petroleum based products. The nature of the fatty acids, meaning its chemical structure, should be accounted for individually, but there are a plethora of uses that stem from using D. acidovorans to produce PHAs using fatty acids.