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Under Introduction ' AnshanBold text'

modern Tall-i Malyan/Tal-I Malyun/Tal-e Malyan was an ancient city in Persia. It is located in the Zagros Mountains in southwestern Iran, approximately 46 km north of Shiraz and 43 km west of Persepolis and serves as a landmark for Elamite studies.

It was one of the earliest urban states of the Mesopotamian area and earliest capitals of Elam from the late fourth century. It fell under the rule of the Persians in the seventh century and then became one of Persia's earliest capitals. Most of what is known about Anshan has been discovered through ancient artifacts discovered in archaeological digs at Tall-i Malyan and passages in early Elamite texts.

History - add to History section -

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Beginning of paragraph 1 - History

Anshan is considered to the the origin of one of the world's oldest known civilizations. It was occupied consistently from before 4,000 B.C. to 1,000 B.C.and was politically tied to the Elamites at Susa, as well as the Mesopotamians, It's exact location was unknown to scholars until artifacts discovered in 1971 and 1972 were uncovered through archaeological digs Tall-i Malyan. Prior to that time scholars only knew of the location to be somewhere in the Zagros Mountains of southwest Iran.

The earliest evidence of Anshan can be found in the Sumerian King list where many references are made to rulers of Awan. Gudea, ruler of Lagash, claims that he conquered Anshan in 2220 B.C. This date correlates with the disappearance of the city of Awan, which many historians have speculated is another name for Anshan.

Sources also verify that Awan and Anshan were connected and that the during the early Elamite period the rulers are known as the kings of Awan, but later on, they are referred to the kings of Anzan, Susa, and Elam. There is also evidence that advocates Awan may have been a political district that was apart of a larger Anshan. Particularly since it has been discovered that Anshan was politically and culturally advanced. Elamite rulers are documented until the end of the sixteenth century B.C. and there is no further mention of them for over two hundred years.

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Teispes, is the forefather of CTG, son of Achaemenes,

Evidence of the connection to the Achaemined Empire can be linked through writings on the Cyrus Cylinder which trace the lineage of Cyrus the Great. Cyrus is referred to as the "king of the city of Anshan" and his predecessors as "the great king, king of the city of Anshan" and so on. An additional title of king is added to each member of his lineage that rules Persia.

Archaeology - in regard to William Sumner's dig

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It dates back over 6,000 years and is considered a landmark in both an Elamite studies and Iranian architecture.

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In 1971, a photograph was discovered in a French archaeological publication which contained inscriptions on a brick found at an unspecified location in Iran. These inscriptions were written in Elamite and believed to be part of a temple built by the Elamite kings to the gods at Anshan. After translating a group of tablets that were found at the Tall-i Maylan site the following fall, Erica Reiner, from the Univeristy of Chicago's Oriental Institute, was able to match these writings to those on the brick. Although the inscriptions did not specifically refer to the city of Anshan by name, later tablets discovered by the Pennsylvania team did name Anshan. In 1973, it was confirmed that this site was the lost city of Anshan.

Three separate groups of tablets were found by the Pennsylvania team at this site. The oldest group contains seven tablets made of unbaked clay that date back to the third millennium B.C. The set of tablets have not been translated because the writing is Proto-Elamite or possibly a script version of Elamite. The next set of tablets are inscribed in Sumerian and date back to 1800 B.C. These tablets signify a Mesopotamian influence. Anshan's identity was determined by the third set of tablets. An agreement was made between the researchers and the Iranian government that the Iranian government could choose ten artifacts and the remaining items would be divided between evenly between the two parties. The Iranian government chose to take several of the tablets in their choice of the original ten items.