User talk:Азат Оксупбаев

Abstract
The Republic of Kazakhstan, is a country in Central Asia, with its smaller part west of the Ural River in Eastern Europe. Kazakhstan is the world's largest landlocked country by land area and the ninth largest country in the world. Its territory of 2,727,300 square kilometres (1,053,000 sq mi) is larger than Western Europe. In spite of these all good information, I want to say that it was hard to imagine that we have our own independent and land with borders. Because we had very hard job to achieve our aim. We had very long war between Russia. So, let’s talk about that. Do waste of Kazakh’s land affect our progression? And why did the Russian power need this land?

In the early 19th century
In the early 19th century, the recovering of Russian began to have destructive effect on the Kazakh traditional economy by limiting the territory. I think it is very important because, it is a part of the Kazakh history. Everybody who lives or was born in Kazakhstan should know this history. Also, it is a very interesting topic because it interests people and because of conflict between the Kazakh and Russian people. Generally, the nomadic Kazakh people could not drive their herds and flocks. The final colonization of Kazakh people and land began in 1890, when many Russian settlers were coming into the lands of northern and eastern Kazakhstan. In 1906, the railway betweenOrenburg andTashkent was built. Between 1906 and 1912, more than a half million Russian farms were started. It was part of the reforms of Russian minister PetrStolypin. It brought very big pressure on the traditional Kazakh way of life.That is why starving Kazakh people joined in the general central Asia revolt against the Russian imperial army. The Tsar assembled his troops which suppressed, destroyed our land and killed Kazakh people. Thousands of Kazakhs were killed and thousands of others fled to China and Mongolia. All of this and other events were very bad for our development and each of these very strong facts have their own main histories. So, Do waste of Kazakh’s land affect our progression? And whydid the Russian power need this land? What are the consequences?

Nomadic tribes
The territory of modern-day Kazakhstan has historically been inhabited by nomadic tribes. By the 16th century, the Kazakhs emerged as a distinct group, divided into three jüz (ancestor branches occupying specific territories). There are: Kishijuz, Ortajuz and Ulijuz. So, it means that in the 16th century three juzes were only settling to the new land. With help of this fact we can say that Kazakh people wanted to start a new life to achieve their goals in the future. This is why Kazakhs started to communicate with other strong countries very denser. The good examples for this are: Russian empire, China and Mongolia. Obviously, Russian empire took advantage of this situation. They were looking to our very convenient to farmers land and saturated with vitamins grasses. So, the Russians began advancing into the Kazakh steppe in the 18th century, and by the mid-19th century all of Kazakhstan was part of the Russian Empire. Following the 1917 Russian Revolution, and subsequent civil war, the territory of Kazakhstan was reorganized several times before becoming the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic in 1936, a part of the Soviet Union. After that was started the peasant (farmers) colonization of the steppe. During the colonization farmers had 2 exemptions. 1)	(2)Right to choose the plot 2)	(2)Repayable aids: •	20 ruble and 100 trees per farmer •	Extra 20 rubles to develop their cattle breeding

All of these information above were a jerk to the Kazakhs begin to make some pressure against Russians despite of their weakest troops. This led to death of numerous people. (2)For example: 1879 in Kokshetau (that is northeast of Kazakhstan) 164 people died. This situation spread in all region of the Kazakhstan which was growing every month and every year. The good example is the city Semey(that is northeast of the Kazakhstan). In 1860-1875 150, in 1876-1878 1700, in 1879-1881 1800, in 1882-1884 2200, in 1885-1887 2500, in 1888-1890 12000 Kazakhs and other nationalities in Semey were died. So, it means that the more Kazakhs were resisting the more they were dying. Fortunately, in 1890 the Russian colonization had some problems with Ukraine which led to have some chance to local authority. The chance was to take our land again with help all population of the Kazakhstan. However, they couldn’t do it because they had no experience such as China. So, this idea was impossible to do for Kazakh people. In the beginning of 1895 the colonization of the Russia almost led to have no space(land) for colonists. Despite of this Russian empire was sending more and more colonists. So, these colonists went to the other countries. For example: Kirgistan, Tadzhikstan, Ozbekistan.

Reform of Stolypin
He was born in Dresden, Saxony, on 14 April 1862. His family was prominent in the Russian aristocracy, and Stolypin was related on his father's side to the poet Mikhail Lermontov. His father was ArkadyDmitrievichStolypin (1821–99), a Russian landowner, descendant of a great noble family, a general in the Russian artillery, and later Commandant of the Kremlin Palace. Stolypin's reforms aimed to stem peasant unrest by creating a class of market-oriented smallholding landowners. He is considered one of the last major statesmen of Imperial Russia with clearly defined public policies and the determination to undertake major reforms. Let’s talk about consequences in the big cities. (2)Akmola(the first name of Astana) –between 1893-1906 150 000 people could not take their salary because the Russian gave them only 2,5 mill tithe. It was not enough for the all people in Akmola. (2)Semey(near to the Akmola(Astana) – in 1907 20 000 people also could not take their salary which led to discontent of farmers to Russian empire. However, Russian had always answer to this big problem. (3)In 1917 the Kazakh philosophers wanted to create a party which were against to Russian empire. This a secular nationalists called the AlashOrda Horde of Alash,   named for a legendary founder of the Kazakh people, attempted to set up an independent national government – the Alash Autonomy. This state lasted just over two years (13 December 1917 to 26 August 1920) before surrendering to theBolshevik authorities, who then sought to preserve Russian control under a new political system. Alash leaders established AlashOrda, a Kazakh government, which was aligned with the White Army and fought against the Bolsheviks. In 1919, when the White forces were losing, Alash Autonomous government began negotiations with the Bolsheviks. In 1919–20 the Bolsheviks defeated the White Russian forces in the region and occupied Kazakhstan. On August 26, 1920, the Soviet government disbanded the Alash Autonomy, and established the Kyrgyz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, which in 1925 changed its name to Kazak Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and to Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic in 1936. Eventually, I want to say that loss of Kazakh’s land behind the Russian power affected to our progression. Because we had a lot of contradictions with Russian empire and wealso had Second World War 2. Obviously, it brought very big pressure on the traditional Kazakh way of life. All of this and other events were very bad for our development. the Russian army consisted of around 938,731 regular soldiers and 245,850 irregulars. This power was the main reason of increasing their land by giving pressure to Kazakhs.