User talk:204.137.100.242

cool
{"kamiAnnotationsCopy":true,"selection":[{"annotation_type":"RichText","content":"{\"ops\":[{\"attributes\":{\"color\":\"#000000\",\"size\":\"14px\"},\"insert\":\".\"},{\"attributes\":{\"list\":\"bullet\"},\"insert\":\"\\n\"},{\"insert\":\"Mandela served 27 years in prison, split between \"},{\"attributes\":{\"background\":\"initial\",\"color\":\"#000000\",\"size\":\"14px\",\"link\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robben_Island\"},\"insert\":\"Robben Island\"},{\"attributes\":{\"color\":\"#000000\",\"size\":\"14px\"},\"insert\":\", \"},{\"attributes\":{\"color\":\"#000000\",\"size\":\"14px\",\"background\":\"initial\",\"link\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollsmoor_Prison\"},\"insert\":\"Pollsmoor Prison\"},{\"attributes\":{\"color\":\"#000000\",\"size\":\"14px\"},\"insert\":\" and \"},{\"attributes\":{\"color\":\"#000000\",\"size\":\"14px\",\"background\":\"initial\",\"link\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Verster_Prison\"},\"insert\":\"Victor Verster Prison\"},{\"attributes\":{\"color\":\"#000000\",\"size\":\"14px\"},\"insert\":\". Amid growing domestic and international pressure, and with fears of a racial civil war, President \"},{\"attributes\":{\"color\":\"#000000\",\"size\":\"14px\",\"background\":\"initial\",\"link\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F._W._de_Klerk\"},\"insert\":\"F. W. de Klerk\"},{\"attributes\":{\"color\":\"#000000\",\"size\":\"14px\"},\"insert\":\" released him in 1990. Mandela and de Klerk led efforts to negotiate an end to apartheid, which resulted in the \"},{\"attributes\":{\"color\":\"#000000\",\"size\":\"14px\",\"background\":\"initial\",\"link\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_South_African_general_election\"},\"insert\":\"1994 multiracial general election\"},{\"attributes\":{\"color\":\"#000000\",\"size\":\"14px\"},\"insert\":\" in which Mandela led the ANC to victory and became president. Leading a \"},{\"attributes\":{\"color\":\"#000000\",\"size\":\"14px\",\"background\":\"initial\",\"link\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_National_Unity_(South_Africa)\"},\"insert\":\"broad coalition government\"},{\"attributes\":{\"color\":\"#000000\",\"size\":\"14px\"},\"insert\":\" which promulgated a \"},{\"attributes\":{\"color\":\"#000000\",\"size\":\"14px\",\"background\":\"initial\",\"link\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_South_Africa\"},\"insert\":\"new constitution\"},{\"attributes\":{\"color\":\"#000000\",\"size\":\"14px\"},\"insert\":\", Mandela emphasised reconciliation between the country's racial groups and created the \"},{\"attributes\":{\"color\":\"#000000\",\"size\":\"14px\",\"background\":\"initial\",\"link\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truth_and_Reconciliation_Commission_(South_Africa)\"},\"insert\":\"Truth and Reconciliation Commission\"},{\"attributes\":{\"color\":\"#000000\",\"size\":\"14px\"},\"insert\":\" to investigate past \"},{\"attributes\":{\"color\":\"#000000\",\"size\":\"14px\",\"background\":\"initial\",\"link\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights_in_South_Africa\"},\"insert\":\"human rights\"},{\"attributes\":{\"color\":\"#000000\",\"size\":\"14px\"},\"insert\":\" abuses. Economically, Mandela's administration retained its predecessor's \"},{\"attributes\":{\"color\":\"#000000\",\"size\":\"14px\",\"background\":\"initial\",\"link\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_liberalism\"},\"insert\":\"liberal framework\"},{\"attributes\":{\"color\":\"#000000\",\"size\":\"14px\"},\"insert\":\" despite his own socialist beliefs, also introducing measures to encourage \"},{\"attributes\":{\"color\":\"#000000\",\"size\":\"14px\",\"background\":\"initial\",\"link\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_reform\"},\"insert\":\"land reform\"},{\"attributes\":{\"color\":\"#000000\",\"size\":\"14px\"},\"insert\":\", \"},{\"attributes\":{\"color\":\"#000000\",\"size\":\"14px\",\"background\":\"initial\",\"link\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poverty_reduction\"},\"insert\":\"combat poverty\"},{\"attributes\":{\"color\":\"#000000\",\"size\":\"14px\"},\"insert\":\" and expand healthcare services. Internationally, he acted as mediator in the \"},{\"attributes\":{\"color\":\"#000000\",\"size\":\"14px\",\"background\":\"initial\",\"link\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan_Am_Flight_103_bombing_trial\"},\"insert\":\"Pan Am Flight 103 bombing trial\"},{\"attributes\":{\"color\":\"#000000\",\"size\":\"14px\"},\"insert\":\" and served as secretary-general of the \"},{\"attributes\":{\"color\":\"#000000\",\"size\":\"14px\",\"background\":\"initial\",\"link\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement\"},\"insert\":\"Non-Aligned Movement\"},{\"attributes\":{\"color\":\"#000000\",\"size\":\"14px\"},\"insert\":\" from 1998 to 1999. He declined a second presidential term and was succeeded by his deputy, \"},{\"attributes\":{\"color\":\"#000000\",\"size\":\"14px\",\"background\":\"initial\",\"link\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thabo_Mbeki\"},\"insert\":\"Thabo Mbeki\"},{\"attributes\":{\"color\":\"#000000\",\"size\":\"14px\"},\"insert\":\". Mandela became an elder statesman and focused on combating poverty and \"},{\"attributes\":{\"color\":\"#000000\",\"size\":\"14px\",\"background\":\"initial\",\"link\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV/AIDS\"},\"insert\":\"HIV/AIDS\"},{\"attributes\":{\"color\":\"#000000\",\"size\":\"14px\"},\"insert\":\" through the charitable \"},{\"attributes\":{\"color\":\"#000000\",\"size\":\"14px\",\"background\":\"initial\",\"link\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_Mandela_Foundation\"},\"insert\":\"Nelson Mandela Foundation\"},{\"attributes\":{\"color\":\"#000000\",\"size\":\"14px\"},\"insert\":\".\"},{\"insert\":\"\\nMandela was a controversial figure for much of his life. Although critics on \"},{\"attributes\":{\"background\":\"initial\",\"color\":\"#000000\",\"size\":\"14px\",\"link\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right-wing_politics\"},\"insert\":\"the right\"},{\"attributes\":{\"color\":\"#000000\",\"size\":\"14px\"},\"insert\":\" denounced him as a \"},{\"attributes\":{\"color\":\"#000000\",\"size\":\"14px\",\"background\":\"initial\",\"link\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_terrorist\"},\"insert\":\"communist terrorist\"},{\"attributes\":{\"color\":\"#000000\",\"size\":\"14px\"},\"insert\":\" and those on the \"},{\"attributes\":{\"color\":\"#000000\",\"size\":\"14px\",\"background\":\"initial\",\"link\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far_left\"},\"insert\":\"far left\"},{\"attributes\":{\"color\":\"#000000\",\"size\":\"14px\"},\"insert\":\" deemed him too eager to negotiate and reconcile with apartheid's supporters, he gained international acclaim for his activism. Widely regarded as an icon of democracy and \"},{\"attributes\":{\"color\":\"#000000\",\"size\":\"14px\",\"background\":\"initial\",\"link\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_justice\"},\"insert\":\"social justice\"},{\"attributes\":{\"color\":\"#000000\",\"size\":\"14px\"},\"insert\":\", he received \"},{\"attributes\":{\"color\":\"#000000\",\"size\":\"14px\",\"background\":\"initial\",\"link\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Nelson_Mandela_awards_and_honours\"},\"insert\":\"more than 250 honours\"},{\"attributes\":{\"color\":\"#000000\",\"size\":\"14px\"},\"insert\":\", including the \"},{\"attributes\":{\"color\":\"#000000\",\"size\":\"14px\",\"background\":\"initial\",\"link\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize\"},\"insert\":\"Nobel Peace Prize\"},{\"attributes\":{\"color\":\"#000000\",\"size\":\"14px\"},\"insert\":\". He is held in deep respect within South Africa, where he is often referred to by his \"},{\"attributes\":{\"color\":\"#000000\",\"size\":\"14px\",\"background\":\"initial\",\"link\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhosa_clan_names\"},\"insert\":\"Thembu clan name\"},{\"attributes\":{\"color\":\"#000000\",\"size\":\"14px\"},\"insert\":\", \"},{\"attributes\":{\"bold\":true,\"color\":\"#000000\",\"size\":\"14px\",\"background\":\"initial\",\"link\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madiba\"},\"insert\":\"Madiba\"},{\"attributes\":{\"color\":\"#000000\",\"size\":\"14px\"},\"insert\":\", and described as the \\\"\"},{\"attributes\":{\"color\":\"#000000\",\"size\":\"14px\",\"background\":\"initial\",\"link\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Father_of_the_Nation\"},\"insert\":\"Father of the Nation\"},{\"attributes\":{\"color\":\"#000000\",\"size\":\"14px\"},\"insert\":\"\\\".\"},{\"insert\":\"\\n\"},{\"attributes\":{\"size\":\"14px\",\"color\":\"#000000\"},\"insert\":\"Contents\"},{\"attributes\":{\"align\":\"center\"},\"insert\":\"\\n\"},{\"attributes\":{\"background\":\"initial\",\"color\":\"#000000\",\"size\":\"14px\",\"link\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_Mandela#Early_life\"},\"insert\":\"1Early life\"},{\"attributes\":{\"list\":\"bullet\"},\"insert\":\"\\n\"},{\"attributes\":{\"background\":\"initial\",\"color\":\"#000000\",\"size\":\"14px\",\"link\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_Mandela#Childhood:_1918%E2%80%931934\"},\"insert\":\"1.1Childhood: 1918–1934\"},{\"attributes\":{\"indent\":1,\"list\":\"bullet\"},\"insert\":\"\\n\"},{\"attributes\":{\"background\":\"initial\",\"color\":\"#000000\",\"size\":\"14px\",\"link\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_Mandela#Clarkebury,_Healdtown,_and_Fort_Hare:_1934%E2%80%931940\"},\"insert\":\"1.2Clarkebury, Healdtown, and Fort Hare: 1934–1940\"},{\"attributes\":{\"indent\":1,\"list\":\"bullet\"},\"insert\":\"\\n\"},{\"attributes\":{\"background\":\"initial\",\"color\":\"#000000\",\"size\":\"14px\",\"link\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_Mandela#Arriving_in_Johannesburg:_1941%E2%80%931943\"},\"insert\":\"1.3Arriving in Johannesburg: 1941–1943\"},{\"attributes\":{\"indent\":1,\"list\":\"bullet\"},\"insert\":\"\\n\"},{\"attributes\":{\"background\":\"initial\",\"color\":\"#000000\",\"size\":\"14px\",\"link\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_Mandela#Revolutionary_activity\"},\"insert\":\"2Revolutionary activity\"},{\"attributes\":{\"list\":\"bullet\"},\"insert\":\"\\n\"},{\"attributes\":{\"indent\":1,\"list\":\"bullet\"},\"insert\":\"\\n\"},{\"attributes\":{\"size\":\"14px\",\"color\":\"#000000\"},\"insert\":\"Early life\"},{\"attributes\":{\"header\":2},\"insert\":\"\\n\"}],\"props\":{}}","referring_to":{"user_action":"click","page_no":1,"x":0,"y":0,"font_size":"18px","width":274.932,"height":1147.99,"rotation":0,"nowrap":false,"cache_html":"&#10;   .  Mandela served 27 years in prison, split between&#160;Robben Island,&#160; Pollsmoor Prison&#160;and&#160; Victor Verster Prison. Amid growing domestic and international pressure, and with fears of a racial civil war, President&#160; <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F._W._de_Klerk\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px; background-color: initial;\">F. W. de Klerk</a><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px;\">&#160;released him in 1990. Mandela and de Klerk led efforts to negotiate an end to apartheid, which resulted in the&#160; <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_South_African_general_election\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px; background-color: initial;\">1994 multiracial general election</a><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px;\">&#160;in which Mandela led the ANC to victory and became president. Leading a&#160; <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_National_Unity_(South_Africa)\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px; background-color: initial;\">broad coalition government</a><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px;\">&#160;which promulgated a&#160; <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_South_Africa\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px; background-color: initial;\">new constitution</a><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px;\">, Mandela emphasised reconciliation between the country's racial groups and created the&#160; <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truth_and_Reconciliation_Commission_(South_Africa)\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px; background-color: initial;\">Truth and Reconciliation Commission</a><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px;\">&#160;to investigate past&#160; <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights_in_South_Africa\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px; background-color: initial;\">human rights</a><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px;\">&#160;abuses. Economically, Mandela's administration retained its predecessor's&#160; <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_liberalism\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px; background-color: initial;\">liberal framework</a><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px;\">&#160;despite his own socialist beliefs, also introducing measures to encourage&#160; <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_reform\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px; background-color: initial;\">land reform</a><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px;\">,&#160; <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poverty_reduction\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px; background-color: initial;\">combat poverty</a><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px;\">&#160;and expand healthcare services. Internationally, he acted as mediator in the&#160; <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan_Am_Flight_103_bombing_trial\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px; background-color: initial;\">Pan Am Flight 103 bombing trial</a><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px;\">&#160;and served as secretary-general of the&#160; <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px; background-color: initial;\">Non-Aligned Movement</a><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px;\">&#160;from 1998 to 1999. He declined a second presidential term and was succeeded by his deputy,&#160; <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thabo_Mbeki\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px; background-color: initial;\">Thabo Mbeki</a><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px;\">. Mandela became an elder statesman and focused on combating poverty and&#160; <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV/AIDS\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px; background-color: initial;\">HIV/AIDS</a><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px;\">&#160;through the charitable&#160; <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_Mandela_Foundation\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px; background-color: initial;\">Nelson Mandela Foundation</a><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px;\">. Mandela was a controversial figure for much of his life. Although critics on&#160;<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right-wing_politics\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"background-color: initial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px;\">the right</a><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px;\">&#160;denounced him as a&#160; <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_terrorist\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px; background-color: initial;\">communist terrorist</a><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px;\">&#160;and those on the&#160; <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far_left\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px; background-color: initial;\">far left</a><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px;\">&#160;deemed him too eager to negotiate and reconcile with apartheid's supporters, he gained international acclaim for his activism. Widely regarded as an icon of democracy and&#160; <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_justice\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px; background-color: initial;\">social justice</a><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px;\">, he received&#160; <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Nelson_Mandela_awards_and_honours\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px; background-color: initial;\">more than 250 honours</a><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px;\">, including the&#160; <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px; background-color: initial;\">Nobel Peace Prize</a><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px;\">. He is held in deep respect within South Africa, where he is often referred to by his&#160; <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhosa_clan_names\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px; background-color: initial;\">Thembu clan name</a><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px;\">,&#160; <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madiba\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px; background-color: initial;\"> Madiba </a><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px;\">, and described as the &#34; <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Father_of_the_Nation\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px; background-color: initial;\">Father of the Nation</a><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px;\">&#34;. <p class=\"ql-align-center\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Contents <ul><li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_Mandela#Early_life\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"background-color: initial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px;\">1Early life</a></li><li class=\"ql-indent-1\"><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_Mandela#Childhood:_1918%E2%80%931934\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"background-color: initial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px;\">1.1Childhood: 1918&#8211;1934</a></li><li class=\"ql-indent-1\"><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_Mandela#Clarkebury,_Healdtown,_and_Fort_Hare:_1934%E2%80%931940\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"background-color: initial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px;\">1.2Clarkebury, Healdtown, and Fort Hare: 1934&#8211;1940</a></li><li class=\"ql-indent-1\"><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_Mandela#Arriving_in_Johannesburg:_1941%E2%80%931943\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"background-color: initial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px;\">1.3Arriving in Johannesburg: 1941&#8211;1943</a></li><li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_Mandela#Revolutionary_activity\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"background-color: initial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px;\">2Revolutionary activity</a></li><li class=\"ql-indent-1\"> </li></ul> <span style=\"font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Early life <div class=\"ql-clipboard\" tabindex=\"-1\"> <div class=\"ql-tooltip ql-hidden\"><a class=\"ql-preview\" target=\"_blank\"></a><a class=\"ql-action\"></a><a class=\"ql-remove\"></a>  &#10;  ","cache_version":1},"original_bounds":{"left":0,"top":0,"right":274.918,"bottom":1147.99,"is_bound":true}}]}204.137.100.242 (talk) 22:09, 11 February 2021 (UTC)[[Category:]]