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Osteoporosis 20 October International Osteoporosis Day Annesha Chatterjee, Ex Coordinator Voices (2014 18)

The Statesman Kol. , Student- Class XII Kalyani University Experimental High School, Kalyani, Nadia

There are so many diseases, which are gradually seizing us, as we are more detached from the nature. These are diabetes, high blood pressure, rheumatism, thyroid etc. Osteoporosis, now developed itself to make our society a physically cripple too, soon. According to STEDMAN’S Medical Dictionary ‘Osteoporosis means ‘Reduction in the quantity of bone or atrophy of skeleton tissue; occurs in postmenopausal women and elderly men, resulting in bone trabecule that are scanty, thin, and without osteoclastic resorption. [osteo- bone +G. poros, pore, + -osis, condition]’. The disease is simply known as the tendency of breaking of bone as seen in Middle Aged females, now seen in males also. In every three-second, one case of fracture of bone, happens due to osteoporosis in the world! In India, one out of three women over age of 50 suffers fracture from this ailment. Within 2013, about 36 million Indians have this fragile bone condition, 70% per hundred of them were chosen from our sisters and mothers! According to WHO, within 2020, 50% per hundreds of above 50 aged male Indian would be prone to this disease.

Apparent Causes 1.	Poor sun exposure, diet is not suffice to supply required calcium and vit.D’. 2.	 Common in elders, loss of ‘protective neuromuscular reflexes’ (the ability to fall over safely) 3.	Particularly in females of Eurasians and Asians, contrary less common in blacks. 4.	Senility, different diseases and treatment effects as of hyperthyroidism, leukemia, excess use of oral corticosteroids, aromatase inhibitors used to treat breast cancer, Cushing’s syndrome (moon like face, hirsutism, HBP), diabetes, liver disease, rheumatoid arthritis, restriction of movements in general and localized, different additions etc. 5.	High salt in diet, which may induces loss of calcium through urine. Pathophysiology :

With the advancement of age, progressive imbalance between bone reabsorption and bone formation is a common changes. Therefore, some degree of osteoporosis is inevitable in all elderly people. Nevertheless, due to some factors this imbalance becomes quick as noted above. Clinical features:- 1.	Without any prior indication, sudden fracture of bone on minimum trauma, as, just falling etc, Common site is neck of femur, wrists and spine. 2.	Loss of height as developed from compression of vertebra. 3.	Collapse or unusual vertebral bodies with severe back pain and deformities, such as kyphosis or scoliosis. Types:- 1.	Type I =Primary osteoporosis (postmenopausal). 2.	Type II =Secondary osteoporosis. (Secondary to age and different disease and relevant treatments as stated above.) 3.	Osteogenesis imperfecta: baby born with fragile bone without any explaination. 4.	Idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis : when the condition developed within 14 years of age. Prevention:- 1.	Sufficient calcium supplements in diet as milk (200 ml), white of egg, little fishes, salmon etc. 2.	Weight-bearing activities such as walking, minimum 30 minutes a day. 3.	Exposure to sunray least 20 minutes a day. 4.	Reduced salt and salty diet. Sources:- 1.	Bhattacharya Debameeta, Making The Right Move, The Sunday Statesman, Evolve, 25 Nov. 2012, page 8, 2.	Soma Mukhopadhaya, Bengali, Anandabazar, 26 October 2014. 3.	STEDMAN’S Medical Dictionary, 26 edition, page 1270, UK(1995)

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