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IODINE protects nervous cells and brain:

The damage caused to the human body due to iodine deficiency is in fact the result of deficiency of thyroid hormones. The effects of IDD in humans at different stages of live are presented in Table 2(6,17). The deficiency not only leads to goiter formation but also to severe retardation of growth, development and maturation of nearly all the tissues of the body, especially those that are fast developing. There is large variation between the sensitivity of fast developing organs to the deficiency of thyroid hormones; brain is the most sensitive organ. The critical period in endemic areas extend from second trimester to second year of life. Deficient intake of iodine during this period can lead to devastating consequences resulting from permanent damage to brain. Administration of iodine during second trimester of pregnancy reverses the damage caused by iodine deficiency. However, the damage sustained after the end of the second trimester of pregnancy is permanent (18). Owing to maternal IDD, it is estimated that about one-fifth of pregnant women in India will give birth to children who will not reach their optimum physical and mental potential (19). -- Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Jan-Mar; 14(1): 13–17. PMCID: PMC3063534 PMID: 21448409

Iodine, Iodine metabolism and Iodine deficiency disorders revisited

Farhana Ahad and Shaiq A. Ganie

Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2016 Dec 9;56(16):2695-713. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2014.922042.

Iodine Deficiency and the Brain: Effects and Mechanisms.

Redman K1, Ruffman T1, Fitzgerald P2, Skeaff S2. -

From Sebastiano venturi