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The conditions created from Turkey remaining unauthorized to arrange the customs tariffs (as a result of the provisions of the Treaty of Lausanne) led to the thinking that the liberal economy was in force. However, after the clearance of the restrictions of Lausanne (1929), it can be observed that the country headed towards conservatism and later on, an active and condensed etatism (Uzun, 2005: 113 - 114). There is almost a consensus that the political economy of Ataturk‟s era started with the Economic Congress in Izmir in 1923. When a break was taken in the Lausanne Conference (15 February - 4 March, 1923), the Economic Congress in Izmir was gathered with attendance of 1,135 delegates. Young Turkey‟s economic problems were the main issue for the country which newly got out of the battle ( nan, 1989: 12). Through this Congress, the principles and objectives regarding nationalizing the economy were specified, displaying a spirit of national enterprise. These decisions had a major role in socio-economic and political formation of Republican Turkey. The goal of the Congress was to bring about an agreement on the national economic policy which would be put into practice among the government staff, landowners, traders, and industrialists (which were few in number). Thus, this Congress was of vital importance in terms of the desire of the militarybureaucrats to have a political and social relationship with the proprietary classes and enhance these relationships with consensus (Gül, 1998: 402). '''“There can be no political independence without '''economic independence and the national sovereignty should be supported by financial sovereignty”, Ataturk said in his opening speech in the Congress. He also put forth the objectives in terms of the economic policy: "There is a reality left over from the filter of the history and experience. If the history of Turks is examined, it could be seen that the comedowns and breakdowns were resulted from the economic reasons. All the victories and failures are related to the economic conditions... Our people destroyed the enemy‟s armies. For total independency, there is a rule: the national sovereignty should be supported by financial sovereignty. The unique force which will take us to this objective is economy. No matter how great the political and military victories, they cannot be enduring unless they are crowned with economic victories. Who conquers with swords is doomed to be defeated, and finally leaves his place to who conquers with cultivators” ( nan, 1998, 110)

https://www.internationalscholarsjournals.com/articles/economic-policy-during-ataturks-era-in-turkey-.pdf

April 2022
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