User talk:Ak14au/Interpersonal Communication: Situational Milieu (Hospital)

Messages from Lynn
Welcome to Wikipedia. Best wishes with your project. --LynnMcCleary (talk) 21:36, 8 September 2014 (UTC) -Thank you! Kh13zl (talk) 14:42, 11 September 2014 (UTC)
 * Just a reminder to everyone. You need to log in when you're contributing. That's how I can track contributions for grading. --LynnMcCleary (talk) 15:27, 21 September 2014 (UTC)
 * I think it would help you to discuss if you used headings. I've started with two major headings. You might add subheadings within the section I created for initial thoughts. --LynnMcCleary (talk) 15:27, 21 September 2014 (UTC)

Editing Goals/Ideas
Hey everyone! I made a new heading to organize our discussions. I just realized that I previously posted on the wrong page so I will make sure I am on the right one from now on! As Professor McCleary said we need to set goals for our editing. I think we could start by doing research on what, why, who and how. What is interpersonal communication in our situational milieu? Why is it important? Who participates in the communication (eg. nurse and patient)? How would one be an effective interpersonal communicator in this setting? This is a good starting point and I think there will be many resources for the information, including our previous chapter readings. Maybe we can separate our research into sections and each do a section so we don't all get the same information? Let me know if you have more ideas for research topics or anything else! Mh14wc (talk) 01:37, 24 September 2014 (UTC)

-Hi, I've copied Joy's comment into this section, just so our page is a little more organized. I like the idea presented by Joy. We could really focus on the Hospital Milieu and really expand. I like the idea of presenting both the effects of good and poor interpersonal communication in this milieu. I have no doubt we could find some really interesting information about it. KrisKh13zl (talk) 01:56, 24 September 2014 (UTC)

HI ALL AGAIN! SO I know we are to discuss what we are going to focus on. I agree with Kristine in that we need need to focus on the fact that we are relating interpersonal communication to situational milieu. First we should define interpersonal communication pertaining to situational milieu. Then I think an approach we could take is 1) the EFFECT of poor interpersonal communication in a hospital situation and 2) the EFFECT of successful interpersonal communication in hospital situations. We could place under those two umbrellas the specific effects of poor/successful interpersonal communication between NURSES + CLIENTS, NURSES + COLLEAGUES, and NURSES + THE PUBLIC. There are so many sources we could use to back this up--- case studies with specific data, articles written by nurses, news segments. I'm sure there is much we can find about interpersonal communication in the hospital setting. Let me know what you all think we should do!! Joy M. 16:12, 24 September 2014 (UTC)

Hi Again, I have found three sources to use from the library; here they are: 1. The Discourse of Hospital Communication: Tracing Complexities in Contemporary Health Care Organizations/ edited by Rick Eidema (Chapter 1 Communicating Hospital Work, Chapter 9 corridor conversations: Clinical Communication in casual spaces) 2. Communication Skills for the healthcare professional: Concepts Practice and Evidence/ Gwen Van Servellen (Chapter 17 Communication within and across healthcare provider groups, Chapter 19 Family Dynamics and communications with patients' significant others) 3. Establishing a culture of patient safety : improving communication, building relationships, and using quality tools / Judith Ann Pauley and Joseph F. Pauley. (Cap. 11: Leading Improvement at a Medical Facility, Leading Improvement in a Family Clinic) Ak14au (talk) 04:26, 30 September 2014 (UTC)

Hey, I love everyone's ideas so far! I was also thinking we could research and specifically talk about how being in a hospital or health care setting affects the communication between nurse and patient/ nurse and colleague/family members and patient/family members or close friends(of patient in the hospital) and nurse. Because the context of the communication is in the hospital, how does that affect communication? Does it change people's usual way of communication, or what they would normally say? What do you guys think? -Anna Ak14au (talk) 04:26, 30 September 2014 (UTC)


 * I like this idea, Anna. Maybe you can come up with some information related to this idea; perhaps provide a few citations we can work into the text. I think this could be a very interesting perspective and relatively easy to incorporate it into what we've already discussed.


 * P.s. Just so you know, I pasted what you wrote at the bottom of this section, since I think it will be less confusing if we add our input after what the last person wrote. That is, the newest addition will always be at the bottom of the page.  I hope that's ok?!

Here's what I came up with today. I kept everything in direct quotes for the moment, but of course we can paraphrase when we're ready to actually write the text. I also had to switch the ebook I listed above for another, since the ebook was not available. Some of the quotes I can up with illustrate what can happen when there is effective communication, as well as a lack of effective communication.

FOR THE MILIEU (HOSPITAL) SECTION

“effective physician-patient communication is key to promoting patient compliance” (Cegala, 2006, p. 203) which in turn leads to better health outcomes.

“Health care providers offer not only the necessary medical knowledge to assist with the health problem but can also provide a rich relationship within which satisfaction and compliance can aid, or deter, health outcomes” (Dailey & Le Poire, 2006, p.91)

“(communication) is the framework on which we can build mutual understanding and stimulate the spirit of cooperation that is essential if the patient is to receive good care” (Kron, 1972, p.45)

When there is a lack of understanding and cooperation, due to a breakdown in communication in the hospital milieu, it is the patient who suffers the most. (Kron, 1972, p.47)

“Medical errors are frequently communication issues rather than just errors in judgment or negligence” (Perrott & Thompson, 2002, p. 680)

“health policies, laws and legal considerations, and organizational and cultural contexts influence the communication between health care providers and patients, reflecting an ecological perspective on interaction in medical encounters” (Perrott &Thompson, 2002, p. 680)

FOR THE CONTEXT SECTION

“Retrospective contexts(all actions that precede a particular behavior that might help one to interpret that behavior) and emergent contexts (all events that follow the behavior that might help one to interpret the behavior) adds further depth of understanding to the interpersonal episodes” (Albada, Daly, Fudge, & Miller, 2002, p.13)

References

Albada, K. F., Daly, J. A., Knapp, M. L., & Miller, G. R. (2002). Handbook of interpersonal communication (3rd ed.)(pp. 3-21). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Cegala, D. J. (2006). The impact of patients’ communication style on physicians’ discourse: Implications for better health outcomes. In R. M. Dailey & B. A. Le Poire (Eds.), Applied interpersonal communication matters: Health, family, & community relations (pp. 201-217). New York: Peter Lang.

Dailey, R. M., & Le Poire, B. A. (2006). Applied interpersonal communication matters: Health, family, & community relations. New York: Peter Lang.

Kron, T. (1972). Communication in nursing. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Company.

Parrott, R., & Thompson, T. L. (2002). Handbook of interpersonal communication (3rd ed.) (pp. 680-725). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Kristine 19:03, 30 September 2014 (UTC)

HI ALL! Joy here. HERE ARE MY THREE SOURCES! Here is the first one: http://smallbusiness.chron.com/effects-interpersonal-communication-organization-18338.html Although it is about interpersonal communication specifically in a business, I think it is good because it talks about certain effects of interpersonal communication such as conflict resolution and as management which is necessary for teamwork in a hospital.

My second source is: Communication in Nursing by Julia Riley (in other words--our textbook!) It can be a solid foundation that we spring off of with other sources. I went through it and there are several chapters that relate to communication situations such as in hospitals.

My third one is: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1765783/pdf/v013p00i85.pdf This is a really long but informative article that articulates several aspects of the criticalness of having interpersonal skills in a hospital. As well, it provides some tables with actual statistics to back it up what it talks about. Overall, it is a very well written article (also over 900 people cited it so it is solid.) and I think we will greatly benefit from it. Tell me all what you think-- I think our team has great resources and will write an amazing section! -Joy Marcoccia Joy M. 02:39, 1 October 2014 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Jm14kq (talk • contribs)
 * Jm14kq, please sign your posts so that we can grade your contributions. What in particular in the textbook do you plan to summarize? I'm not sure about the relevance of your first source (or credibility - it's a newspaper article with no references). I'm not sure how an article about communication in a business context is relevant to writing about the effect of the healthcare context on communication. LynnMcCleary (talk) 00:26, 8 October 2014 (UTC)

Hey everyone! I have my three sources:

1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC79040/ This article is about improving clinical communication and has some great information that we could use. I think it would be good to touch on the future and goals for interpersonal communication in the hospital.

2. Communication for nurses : how to prevent harmful events and promote patient safety / Pamela McHugh Schuster and Linda Nykolyn. This book focuses in on the nurse-patient relationship and how to develop the most effective interpersonal communication to keep patients safe. There is specific information on the hospital setting as well.

3. Interdisciplinary teamwork in hospitals: A review and practical recommendations for improvement / Kevin J O’Leary, NIraj L. Sehgal, Grace Terrell, Mark V. Williams Although this isn't directly on interpersonal communication, teamwork is vital in communication and for the best patient outcome. I think it will be a great source.

I found all of these in the Gibson Library search so let me know if you cannot find one :) Mh14wc (talk) 20:33, 1 October 2014 (UTC)

Some comments/suggestions from Lynn for the group You have some great sources here. You have a great potential to get sidetracked and take on too much because of the large amount of information in several of these sources. Before you get going too far with your summaries, review the communication model and what the idea of context is. I think that you might be able to focus yourselves and not get overwhelmed if you do this. You want to be able to read these sources and try to pick out information that is relevant to what you want to add to the article. For example, Mh14wc's first article has information about how the communication channels in hospitals affect communication - that might be the relevant thing to focus on in that article.LynnMcCleary (talk) 00:53, 8 October 2014 (UTC)
 * One more thing, pages 24 and 25 of the communication for nurses book Mh14wc cites have information about communication contexts. I think this would be helpful for you - to think about how the healthcare setting fits into various categories of context (e.g., physical setting and the culture within health care settings). The book is available on Google books. LynnMcCleary (talk) 01:08, 8 October 2014 (UTC)

HOPING TO DIFINE A CLEARER DIRECTION — Preceding unsigned comment added by Kh13zl (talk • contribs) 20:22, 8 October 2014 (UTC)

Hi all, Admittedly, I am feeling a little overwhelmed when I look at all the information we've collected and the possible directions we can go in. Having read Lynn's comments, I see the need for us to focus our energy on something specific. So I propose that we answer the following questions.

1 How does context play a part in interpersonal communication?

2. What is effective interpersonal communication in a hospital setting?

3. What are the benefits of effective interpersonal communication in a hospital setting?

4. What are the consequences of ineffective interpersonal communication in a hospital setting?

There are four questions and four of us. If we all agree, maybe we each write a very short paragraph to answer one of these questions and bring it to the table. I believe this would provide a good starting point. Maybe Megan can take care of the context section, since Lynn mentioned that some of her references have information about the context. Megan could also use one of my references, since it has information about context. I would love to take care of the 4th question, since I have a lot of information about that. Anna and Joy could decide which question they want to answer. What do you think??? I'm very flexible, so if you don't like this idea, let me know! Take care, Kristine 20:17, 8 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Mh14wc, Jm14kq, Ak14au, and Kh13zl. See the course page for information about your tasks due October 22.


 * I have some suggestions for you for your next steps – to help you keep your work manageable and avoid being overwhelmed. I think the proposed goals might be too much. I can’t say for sure but I think going back to the communication model and the definitions of context in the book I noted in another post would help you keep focused as you go through your sources. You will find information that is not relevant or pertinent to your editing. Don’t get side tracked by it. Keep focussed on your goals. Don’t forget that the introduction to the context section needs revision. You can craft a suggested revision independently of the other groups that are working on this section – and then the three groups can negotiate/collaborate once you get to the stage of actually making edits.


 * Your summaries should be between 250 and at most 400 words for each source. Try not to make them long. If there aren’t 250 words worth of information in your source, don't blather on to fill space. I am looking for summaries I can understand and that are logical and coherent. You'll need to really focus in on the heart of the relevant findings. You should be aiming to tell your group members what the key messages are in your sources and how you think the information fits or doesn't fit with the article (it's okay if you logically determine that it wouldn't add to the article). If there is repetition within your sources, you should note that. Each summary should have a citation that is acceptable for Wikipedia and that has the information needed for a reader to verify your interpretation by finding your source. Links that only work within the university aren’t user friendly for me or your group members.  If there is information that you can’t paraphrase, indicate quotes with quotation marks and page numbers.


 * When you've got your summaries done, hopefully there will be some themes and repetition among your summaries. Your job then is to collaboratively decide on what deserves to be suggested as an edit for the article and craft summaries of what your group found that could be incorporated in the article. That might be citations for information that is already there or new information. Discuss why your new information is relevant to the article.


 * I can copy your article over to your sandbox so you can practice editing before you make any suggestions to the editors of the article. If you want me to do that, let me know by email or by using my user name in a response to this post. As always, I'm available to guide you.


 * Don't forget to sign your posts. Your signatures are linked to a list on the course Wikipedia page that I use to monitor and grade your contributions. If you don't sign, you won't get credit for your contributions. LynnMcCleary (talk) 11:54, 9 October 2014 (UTC)


 * Hello LynnMcCleary,Thank you for the suggestions. I definitely have a clearer idea of what is required for October 22nd. May I ask, what communication model are you referring to? Is it in our book?

Do you think that the four questions that I proposed we answer could keep us on the right track? Any guidance would be greatly appreciated. Best, Kristine 14:21, 9 October 2014 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Kh13zl (talk • contribs)
 * Kh13zl, the communication model I'm thinking of was in the first week's reading (the Chapter 1 that I posted from the book Interplay. It's figure 1.1 (and the text that explains it). The figure looks like to me like to eyes connected by a two-way arrow. LynnMcCleary (talk) 22:30, 9 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Thank you LynnMcCleary
 * I'll definitely take a look at that again. Kristine 02:54, 10 October 2014 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Kh13zl (talk • contribs)

HOPING TO DEFINE A CLEARER DIRECTION PART 2

Upon rereading what Lynn wrote, I think what we should focus on is defining context, related to interpersonal communication and describing what internal and external noises affect interpersonal communication in the hospital setting. This is more context centred than what was previously suggested and more specific. We can certainly give an example of benefits of effective interpersonal communication and an example of a consequence of ineffective interpersonal communication in the hospital, but I believe our focus is to show what can hinder communication, such as noise in the hallway, a nurse being overworked, a physician thinking of his next patient while speaking to this one, etc.)

What are the internal and external noises that affect interpersonal communication in the hospital setting?

What do you all think?

Happy Thanksgiving!

Kristine 17:28, 13 October 2014 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Kh13zl (talk • contribs)

Initial Thoughts About the Article
Good morning ladies,

I took a look at the context section of the article about Interpersonal Communication. From what I understood, we're just meant to add content to the section about, situational milieu (hospital). I would suggest that we elaborate on how the situational milieus affect interpersonal communication, as well as providing examples. In my opinion, I feel it might be strange to just add content to this section while leaving the others as they are. But then again, adding content to all the factors listed may be biting off more than we can chew. It would surely be worth having a chat with Prof. McCleary to get her take on it.

Though I found the context section to be well written, I did find that the sentence 'normally safe discourse may easily become contextually ambiguous or offensive in restrooms or shower halls.' felt out of place. This is the only example that was provided in the context section and it seemed a little random. One way we could perhaps edit this sentence would be to say: discourse that is safe in a given situation may easily become ambiguous or offensive in another context. I'm sure we could rework this sentence to make it more relevant and informative, perhaps by adding a couple examples.

I'd love to hear what you think.

Best, Kh13zl (talk) 14:42, 11 September 2014 (UTC)

HELLO GROUP :) So I got a chance to check out what we have to work with in the Interpersonal Communication article. I know we are only really working specifically with situational milieu; we will need to add a lot more content, as there is only a couple lines about our Situational Milieu (hospital). I was thinking that for our part with situational milieu, we could provide many examples of the situation, NOT just hospitals, but similar places, like hospices, clinics, long-term care centres etc. That way it would be a bit more rounded in its explanation. As well, we could fix up the context overview, as Kristine suggested, as it is a bit messy. I think our main goals to keep in mind is to keep it very clear and informational. Also, if we get a chance to look at other groups' work in the context section, we could do some tie-ins between the other context sections and our own. I think it would wrap up everything nicely. Let me know what you all think! -Joy Jm14kq (talk) 16:18, 15 September 2014 (UTC)

Greetings, After reading the article I agree that we should add a significant amount of content as it is lacking in this part of the article. I think that we need to expand on what is already written, and add new ideas. I also noticed that the information included under context and situational milieu right now does not include any references therefore we must find references for the information or see if any of it needs to be changed or removed. I also like Joy's idea of talking about the hospitals in situational milieu as well as other healthcare centres (e.g. clinics, long- term care, etc). I also found the text under context difficult to follow because of the wording and maybe that is an area where we can improve the article. I love everyone's ideas so far !! :) - Anna 139.57.223.19 (talk) 03:48, 18 September 2014 (UTC)

Hi ladies, I've cut and pasted the context section below. Our assignment was to edit the situational milieu(hospital). I think we all agree that it may not be enough to just expand on the 'hospital' part of it. The question remains whether we should just focus on Situational milieu or touch on Physical milieu, Cultural and linguistic backgrounds, Developmental progress(maturity) or emotional state, and Complementary or contrasting roles? I'm inclined to say that we should focus on Situational milieu and a proper definition of context. We could certainly include information about other health institutions, but I think we need to remember that this article is about interpersonal communication and not about health care facilities, so we should be careful not to overdo it. As Anna mentioned, there isn't a single reference in the whole section, so this needs to be rectified.

'Context refers to the conditions that precede or surround the communication. It consists of present or past events from which the meaning of the messages is derived, though it may also, in the case of written communications, depend upon the statements preceding and following the quotation in question. Immediate surrounding may also color the perceived meaning of words; normally safe discourse may easily become contextually ambiguous or offensive in restrooms or shower halls. These influences do not constitute the message by themselves, but rather these extraneous nuances subtly change the message's effective meaning. Ultimately, context includes the entire world, but usually refers to salient factors such as the following:

Physical milieu the season or weather, current physical location and environment Situational milieu classroom, military conflict, supermarket checkout, hospital Cultural and linguistic backgrounds Developmental progress (maturity) or emotional state Complementary or contrasting roles boss and employee; teacher and student; parent & child; friend or enemy; partner or competitor'

Looking forward to knowing what you all think?

Have a good one!

Kristine Kh13zl (talk) 23:55, 20 September 2014 (UTC)
 * Good ideas, everyone. As an article develops it may become lopsided. It's okay to expand on the hospital milieu beyond other aspects of context. Eventually other editors might catch up the other points. However, I agree that it would be worthwhile to consider other contexts - maybe that would help you understand the hospital/health care context and comparing the effects of this context with other contexts. There are other groups working on two of the other context bullet points. I suggest Google searching phrases from the unreferenced material in the context section. You now need to figure out what your goals are for your editing and what kind of information you should be looking for. You definitely need to get a good understanding of how context relates to interpersonal communication in general and also hone in on situational milieu. --LynnMcCleary (talk) 17:22, 23 September 2014 (UTC)

Haha I was typing mine when you posted, we have similar ideas! Mh14wc (talk) 01:40, 24 September 2014 (UTC)

SUMMARIES
Here are my summaries 1. This source is from Part 2 called Applied Communication Research in the Health Context. Dailey, R. M., & Le Poire, B. A. (2006). Applied interpersonal communication matters: Health, family, & community relations. New York: Peter Lang. Dailey and Le Poire are the editors of this book, and while introducing part 2, they put a lot of emphasis on the fact that interpersonal communication can have a profound effect on the patient’s health outcomes. Scholars have found that the doctor’s communication styles can influence whether the patient divulges details or follows advice. Furthermore, they stipulate that the patient’s own communication skills can have an effect on their health outcomes. I feel like this quote sums it all up. “Health care providers offer not only the necessary medical knowledge to assist with the health problem but can also provide a rich relationship within which satisfaction and compliance can aid, or deter, health outcomes” (Dailey & Le Poire, 2006, p.91) Health care professionals do not have the sole job of providing health care, for they must also create an environment in which people feel supported and respected. It is by doing so that they can improve the chances of the patients having good health outcomes. I found another chapter by a different author, but in this same book, relevant. Cegala, D. J. (2006). The impact of patients’ communication style on physicians’ discourse: Implications for better health outcomes. In R. M. Dailey & B. A. Le Poire (Eds.), Applied interpersonal communication matters: Health, family, & community relations (pp. 201-217). New York: Peter Lang. This author puts emphasis on the fact that there is growing evidence that shows that effective patient-physician communication leads to more positive health outcomes. He states that when patients are satisfied with physicians’ communication skills, they are more likely to follow their health care plan, especially in relation to chronic illnesses, which often involve long-term plans or small to drastic lifestyle changes. Non-compliance can have serious health and economic consequences, such as the patient can become more ill and need more treatments for a longer period of time. Since it has been found that noncompliance often stems from the patient’s dissatisfaction with the physicians’ communications skills, he states that, “effective physician-patient communication is key to promoting patient compliance” (Cegala, 2006, p. 203) which in turn leads to better health outcomes. I think this book is relevant to our group, since it touches on the benefits of effective interpersonal communication in hospitals, as well as the consequences of ineffective communications in the hospital setting. Kristine 01:37, 11 October 2014 (UTC)

2. These sources are from 2 different chapters in the same book. The first is from Albada, K. F., Daly, J. A., Knapp, M. L., & Miller, G. R. (2002). Background and current trends in the study of interpersonal communication. In M. L. Knapp & J. A. Daly (EDs.), Handbook of interpersonal communication (3rd ed.)(pp. 3-21). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. This chapter has some information related to context. They assert that to understand meaning of what is being communicated, context must be considered. They define retrospective context as everything that comes before a particular behavior that might help understand and interpret that behaviour. Emergent context is described as all events that come after the said behavior and which may contribute to understanding the behavior. In a later chapter, the authors discuss the different factors that can influence interpersonal communication in the health care system. Parrott, R., & Thompson, T. L. (2002). Interpersonal communication and health care. In M. L. Knapp & J. A. Daly (Eds), Handbook of interpersonal communication (3rd ed.) (pp. 680-725). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

They stipulated that, “Medical errors are frequently communication issues rather than just errors in judgment or negligence” (Perrott & Thompson, 2002, p. 680). They mention some of the obstacles that can hinder effective communication in the health care setting, such as law/legal policies, cultural differences, and language barriers. This could easily be worked into the section about the consequences of ineffective communication in hospital contexts. Kristine 01:37, 11 October 2014 (UTC)

3. This source is Chapter 3 in Kron, T. (1972). Communication in nursing. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Company. Although it is not a new book, what the author discusses still seems extremely relevant even today. This author puts emphasis on the importance of effective interpersonal communication between health care professionals. She claims that communication is the starting point in building a relationship based on understanding and cooperation, which leads to the patient receiving good care. She goes on to say that the most important part of the job is communication, because when there is a lack of understanding and cooperation, due to a breakdown in communication in the hospital milieu, it is the patient who suffers the most. (Kron, 1972) This information is relevant to our assignment, since it puts a light on the importance of good communication skills between health care professionals and the impact that effective and ineffective communication can have on the health care patients receive, which, in turn, can affect their health outcomes. In another chapter, this author speaks of barriers to effective listening, which is a big part of interpersonal communication. She speaks of physical barriers, such as hearing loss. She also refers to external distractions, such as bad acoustics, noise, temperature and ventilation, and characteristics and mannerism of the speaker. She writes of internal noise, such as prejudices, lack of concentration, being distracted by personal issues, therefore not actively listening. This is all relevant to our assignment, especially if our focus in noise that effects communication in hospitals.

--Kristine 18:26, 10 October 2014 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Kh13zl (talk • contribs)

Hello all, Joy here. Here are my more in-depth summaries. And I agree with Kristine about talking about effects of i.e noise on communication in hospitals.

My 3 sources: My (new) FIRST source is: Communicating to Improve Quality: Implementation Handbook published by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Summary: I decided to change my first source, as Professor McCleary pointed out that my first source was not the greatest. Since this source is not a webpage URL, but a DOCX that directly downloaded to my computer, I will all send you a copy. This Handbook is an excellent source first of all because of its credibility. It lists several references at the bottom. First off, this article gives an overview on a specific strategy called “Communicating to Improve Quality”. According to this source, the goal of this strategy is to "facilitate communication between patient, family, and clinicians to improve patient safety and quality of care.” It also states that hospitals give clients tools to understand how they can engage with the nurses. As well, it states how important it is that clinicians reinforce the principles of effective communication throughout the patient hospital stay. Then it lists specific tools that will help improve quality within the patient/family-nurse relationship. Examples include “Be a Partner in Your Care”, “Tips for Being Partner in Your Care”, “Communication Competencies for Clinicians”. This article then lists a rationale for this communication improvement strategy— complete with actual evidence, that is referenced. It then talks about HOW this “Communicating to Improve Quality” strategy facilitate communication in health setting. For example, it states that this strategy descries specific behaviours that the patient and family can demonstrate as a part of a team.

2) This source is an article written by M Leonard, S Graham, and D Bonacum entitled “The human factor: the critical importance of effective teamwork and communication in providing safe care” which can be accessed at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1765783/pdf/v013p00i85.pdf

This is another excellent source as it goes into great detail about the importance of good interpersonal communication in order to provide safe care. According to this source, “effective communication and teamwork is essential for the delivery of high quality, safe patient care.” This source covers effective techniques of recognizing critical success factors. First it talks about the case for a primary focus on effective teamwork and communication. It then outlines told for effective communication— specifically a template for addressing doctors: give the situation, background, assessment, recommendation. It then outlines appropriate assertion and other factors of effective communication in a health team perspective— factors such as critical language, SITUATIONAL awareness, debriefing.

A recurring theme between this and my first source would be that they both list tools for effective communication between nurses and their hospital environment.

3) The following is based on Chapter 2 in Communication in Nursing by Julia Riley entitled “The Client-Nurse Relationship: A Helping Relationship” This chapter speaks specifically on the specifics of the nurse client relationship. It goes over the purpose of this relationship. As well, it describes the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor abilities that nurses and clients bring to the therapeutic encounter. The chapter covers the characteristics of a successful client nurse relationship, as well as therapeutic communication techniques. Although it does not specifically speak about communication in a hospital setting, it is still relevant because it discusses the basis of what we have to discuss— the interpersonal communication between nurses and people in their environment itself.

A theme between this and the first source is the techniques and tools that cover what an ideal relationship between nurses and clients looks like.

In conclusion, I believe the best of these three sources is the first one I talk about, as it goes into much depth of the importance of good communication in a health team situation, such as hospitals. Jm14kq (talk) 14:44, 20 October 2014 (UTC)

Hey everyone! Sorry for the inconvenience I have caused, here are my article summaries.

1. "Improving Clinical Communication: A View From Psychology" by Julie Parker and Enrico Coiera. My first article is a great source that goes into detail about communication channels and why they are/are not effective. Specifically, the article talks about synchronous and asynchronous communication. Synchronous communication involves both parties to be involved in the conversation at the same time (ex. telephone, face-to-face) whereas asynchronous communication can be received at a later time than when it was sent (ex. email, board messages, texts). The article discusses some of the positive and negatives of both these methods and takes a psychological approach. The article also has some interesting statistics about the outcome of communication errors in the hospital, stated in the introduction and abstract. I thought some of these in our article would be beneficial. One astonishing study mentioned in the article found that interpersonal communication errors were the leading cause of 16000 in-hospital deaths.

2. "Interdisciplinary Teamwork in Hospitals: A Review and Practical Recommendations for Improvement" by Kevin J. O’Leary et. al. This article is really the third one I originally posted as I was unable to sign out the book I found from the library. This article emphasizes hospital teamwork, reviewing the current challenges of hospital teamwork and giving recommendations for future improvement. Some limitations described are: large, constantly changing healthcare teams, advancing technologies not helping efficiency, and many different modes of communication that are not regulated. Communication misinterpretations are also a huge problem. A few suggestions made in the article to improve teamwork in hospitals are: giving staff a zone so they can be easily found, having individual patient plan-of-care checklists, and team training. Another interesting point I found was how hierarchies often exist and this impedes communication (nurse-doctor relationships). Again, in this article there are cool statistics which could be added to our page as often facts and numbers are good evidence and help credibility.

3. My third article is new and it is called "Communication Channels in General Internal Medicine: A Description of Baseline Patterns for Improved Interprofessional Collaboration" by Lesley Gotlib Conn, Lorelei Lingard, Scott Reeves, Karen-Lee Millerand. It mentions a lot of similar points to the above article. This was written in Toronto, Canada so I thought it was interesting that it was relevant to our own capital city. Communication channels are referred to as "genres" in this article, just to be clear. There is more evidence in the article supporting the benefits and the downsides of synchronous and asynchronous communication. It talked about some of the shortcomings of a tactic commonly used in hospitals called interdisciplinary rounds and how they were seen as inconvenient by staff who are very busy. This point will be important to investigate, as other research contradicts this. Overall this source is okay, but it has a lot of similar information to my first source. I could use information from both to add to the article about synchronous and asynchronous communication.

I am inspired to look a little more into communication channels, so if I find any better sources that will help with our page i will be sure to post information! Mh14wc (talk) 22:26, 27 October 2014 (UTC)

Hey, I am so sorry for putting this up late!!

Source 1: The Discourse of Hospital Communication Chapter 1 (Communicating Hospital Work) Summary: These are some important things that the article discusses The hospital is a very complex social organization that includes a wide range of health professionals that have many different specializations. They all work together to provide different kinds of care. For example, in a hospital there may be a nurses at work, pathology laboratory scientists, clinical and lay managers, doctors, and medical technologists. To provide patient care many different kinds of technologies are used; technologies such as medical, informational, and pharmaceutical. These change rapidly and this results in continued learning for the health professional. the paper chart is an example of hospital communication essential to the patient’s health. Discourse research puts importance on the fact that people’s communication and interaction is not only motivates by the objective circumstances that affect them and what they want to express but also include how much they want to disclose about themselves, how they speak, who they speak with and what they speak about.

Chapter 9 (Corridor Conversations: Clinical Communication in Casual Spaces) This chapter explains that corridor conversations are an important part of everyday hospital communication, and even though it is so common there is little information known on this common mode of communication in the hospital. There have been many studies on different modes of communication in the hospital. An example of this communication is between two doctors in the corridor; a survey of over 100 practitioners concluded that 82 percent of them have spoken about medicine in the hallway and many use the opportunity of talking in the corridor to their colleagues about a patient. In their conversations they may include the exchange if clinical information, giving and receiving instructions. they may also cover a range of other topics such as time management, work flow planning, discussions on equipment costs, knowledge and skill exchange social talk, conflict resolution, reflection on attitudes and practices. reference: (2007). R. Iedema (Ed.), The discourse of hospital communication. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Ak14au (talk) 10:19, 5 November 2014 (UTC)

Source 2: Communication Skills for the Health Professional Chapter 17: communications within and across healthcare provider groups According to this chapter, it is critical to work with others to solve problems and resolve conflict. if it is not resolved it can effect morale, productivity and patient care. in a healthcare system there is always group interaction and it is important to know how to communicate on a group for effective task completion. There can be ineffective group incomes where group needs are not met. Group communication is marked by apathy, conflict and inability to make decisions in an ineffective group. it is important to identify the problem and fix it so that the group can achieve their goals. A team is responsible for plans of treatment, informing others about a change in patient health changes, changes in treatment, and test results, ensuring current records are held. these steps ensure quality care. Group work can be either functional or dysfunctional and can be identified as either reference groups or task groups. the chapter also talks about how to improve group communication such as: understanding self and others, reflecting observations and assessments to the group members, facilitating group performance change, modelling “good” group communication skills, and dealing with problem group members. behaviour problems can include aggressive, silent/withdrawn/ shy to fragile, dominating, clown(attention seeker), bored or detached. These are all very important concepts because healthcare providers are part of groups everyday and each member affects the outcome of the whole team. Knowing what hinders the group and what causes a group to excel/ solve problems is effective in practice. Ak14au (talk) 07:45, 27 October 2014 (UTC) reference: Van Servellen, G. (2009). Communication skills for the health professional: Concepts, practice, and evidence. Los Angeles: Jones & Bartlett Learning. Ak14au (talk) 10:18, 5 November 2014 (UTC)

New information (another source) Source: Professional Nursing Concepts It is assumed that people know how to communicate and this is not true. It takes practice and awareness of communication to be able to communicate effectively. Relational co-ordination is a theory about the completion of work. It states that work is accomplished successfully when high quality relationships and communication are present. Successful work is the result of frequent, high quality communication that is timely, accurate, and uses problem solving. reference: Finkelman, A., & Kenner, C. (2013). Professional nursing concepts; competencies for quality leadership (pp. 312-313). MA: Jones And Bartlett Learning. Ak14au (talk) 10:18, 5 November 2014 (UTC)

here is another source that I found that had relevant information Nursing Intervention and Clinical Skills Ch.2: Communication and Collaboration This chapter states that communication involves the expression of emotions, ideas, and thoughts through verbal and non-verbal exchanges. In a hospital setting the communication should be therapeutic between health professional and client; meaning that the needs of the client are met in a goal oriented way and this way the client can express their thoughts and feelings. Also, there are a variety of interpersonal skills that are essential to being able to effectively communicate therapeutically with clients. There are certain barriers that can interfere with effective therapeutic communication. These barriers include perceptions, emotions, sociocultural background, knowledge level, roles and relationships, environment, and space and territoriality. reference: Griffin Perry, A., Potter, P. A., & Keene Elkin, M. (2012). Communication and collaboration. In Nursing interventions and clinical skills (pp. 9-10). St. Louis: ELSEVIER MOSBY. Ak14au (talk) 10:18, 5 November 2014 (UTC)

FINAL EDITS
Hi Megantalk, could you add a citation for what you added and could you see about adding a sentence explaining how these channels effect communication in the hospital setting. We need the link between these channels and communication in hospitals. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Kh13zl (talk • contribs) 16:42, 29 October 2014 (UTC)

Hello Jm14kq, Ak14au, talk Mh14wc (talk)  , This is just a reminder that we still have lots to do before next Wednesday. Besides completing the edits in our own sandbox, we need to put our suggested edits in the Interpersonal Communication sandbox, so that other editors can comment. Please, please let's not wait to the last minute. Remember that we are working as a group and each of our actions, or lack of them, affect others. Let's make these edits the best they can be. :) Kristine 02:30, 31 October 2014 (UTC)

Hi Kristine Kh13zl, I am going to talk about the benefits and downsides of both communication styles in the hospital setting. I think this will sufficiently connect the channels to the hospital setting and explain why they work and don't work in certain cases. Mh14wc (talk) 22:27, 1 November 2014 (UTC)

Hi talk,

As discussed, i've made some edits to the paragraph about channels in order for it to be more concise and to flow a little more with the rest of the contribution. Have a nice day! Kristine 16:02, 4 November 2014 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Kh13zl (talk • contribs)

I added some information to the first paragraph that talked about internal and external communication, I hope that's okay/ it fits in well. It talks about different barriers for effective communication. Ak14au (talk) 10:55, 5 November 2014 (UTC)

Hello talkAk14auJm14kq, So I was thinking we could each edit the parts that we added ourselves. On Tuesday night, I'll take a look and make sure that there is cohesion and flow between the different parts and that will be that. Anna, I didn't see what you added until yesterday. We had already moved the edits onto the actual page by the time you added your edits. This would be a chance for you to add your information to the actual page. Sorry about that, but since you didn't respond to any of the emails concerning the edits, I didn't think you were participating any more and didn't think to check again on Wednesday. Glad you are! If you all have any thoughts or ideas, don't hesitate. Best Kristine 15:30, 13 November 2014 (UTC)

WHAT WE'VE EDITED
Hi there, just so you all know, we've added a whole section under the heading, Context-Situational Milieu(Hospital). There was nothing there for us to work with. Kristine 02:56, 8 November 2014 (UTC)