User talk:Alexxknoxx012

Middle Ages

The middles ages, also known as the medieval period, started in the 5th century and lasted until the 15th century. It began from the fall of the Western Roman empire and after the fall barbaric tribes and Germanic people acquired new territory within the Western Roman empire. Technology and agricultural advances encouraged people to move into Europe, and thinking intellectually was encouraged through scholasticism. The structure of society changed to Kings ruling over land and peasants organized in villages owing a debt to nobles for rent and labour services. In 1095, the Crusades began and religion became an important part of society. In the end of the middle ages disease spread wiping out over a third of Europeans.

Italian Renaissance

The Italian Renaissance began in Italy during the 14th century and ended in the 16th century. This was a period of cultural growth and achievements in literature, art, architecture, music, science, and philosophy. Renaissance means rebirth so during this time culture was becoming reborn after the Dark Ages. It began in central Italy, Tuscany, and had a major impact on Rome. The Italian Renaissance came to a decline after the Italian Wars, but the ideas, concepts, works, and knowledge that came from the Italian Renaissance spread all over Europe. Influential people such as Boccacio, Michaelangelo, Leonardo Di Vinci, Brunelleschi, Marsillo Ficino, and so much more came from the Italian Renaissance.

Early Modern Period

The early modern period starts around 1500s and ends in late 1700s early 1800s. It comes right after the middle ages and ends at the beginning of the French Revolutions. The early modern period was a shift for the whole world. Exploration and colonization was big in this period because it brought people together from all over the world and opened the door to global trading. They traded goods, plants, animals, and food crops. Economies and institutions came into existence around the globe and became more efficient and clear during the early modern period. This period also started the economic theory of mercantilism. Europe had a decline of feudalism, and the Ming Dynasty in China was seen as “one of the greatest eras of orderly government and social stability in human history.” In the early modern period there was an increase in technological advances that helped with making traveling around the globe faster and easier, development of experimental science, secularized civil politics, and the rise of nation states.

The French Enlightenment

The French Enlightenment is known as a philosophical movement which dominated the world of ideas in Europe in the 18th century. The enlightenment included a variety of ideas that focused on reason as the number one source of authority and legitimacy. It also improved the ideas of liberty, progress, tolerance, brotherhood, constitutional government, and ended the abuses of church and state. The scientific revolution is known to be closely related to the Age of Enlightenment. Francis Bacon, Locke, and Spinoza had an influence on the Age of Enlightenment and Voltaire, David Hume, Adam Smith, and Immanuel Kant are just a few of the major figures of the Enlightenment.

German Romanticism

German Romanticism was the leading intellectual movement in philosophy, the arts, and the culture of German speaking countries in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. German Romanticism started late compared to the English Romanticism. English Romanticism was on the more serious side while German Romanticism valued wit, humor, and beauty. German romantics looked at the middle ages for answers on a new synthesis of art, philosophy, and science.