User talk:Allifeig

Sadistic Personality Disorder (SPD)

This is an outline of what Allison and I (Casey) will be talking about in our revision of this Wikipedia article.

Definition of Sadism -The tendency to derive pleasure especially sexual gratification from inflicting pain, suffering or humiliation on others -When it exists in the libido it has two pleasurable tendencies at work -Trying to destroy the object or trying to control it

Characteristics of Sadistic Personalities -Demonstrate a marked degree of empathy in recognition of other’s feelings in order to gain gratification from their discomfort or pain -Compassionate because they excel at discerning the feelings of others -Pleasure in humiliating, controlling and dominating others -Doesn’t always have to do with sexual arousal but it can -Cruel, manipulative, demeaning and aggressive towards others -Reveal satisfaction in intimidation, coercion and humiliation of others -Likely to view themselves as assertive, energetic, self-reliant BUT honest, strong and realistic -Tend to have excitable and irritable tempers that flare into arguments and physical belligerence -Still have the capacity to share tender feelings to experience genuine -Similar to those of paranoid, schizotypal and borderline personalities -They lack insight into the nature of their interpersonal difficulties and the emotional distress they cause -Primary way of relating to others is by causing pain -SPD is more common in males than in females

Personality Traits Linked with Sadistic Personality Disorder - The disorder has been found at high rates in adolescent psychiatric inpatients and in juvenile sexual homicide offenders - Sadism is linked with acts of unprovoked aggression - Guilt may lead to a “sadistic drive” - Sadistic personality traits are linked with juvenile delinquency -“Characterized by a pattern of cruelty, aggression and meaning behavior.” (Charbrol et al., 2009).

[edit]DSM-III-R Criteria for Sadistic Personality Disorder o A. A pervasive pattern of cruel, demeaning and aggressive behavior, beginning by early adulthood, as indicated by the repeated occurrence of at least four of the following: (1) Has used physical cruelty or violence for the purpose of establishing dominance in a relationship (not merely to achieve some noninterpersonal goal, such as striking someone in order to rob him or her) (2) Humiliates or demeans people in the presence of others (3) Has treated or disciplined someone under his or her control unusually harshly (e.g., a child, student, prisoner, or patient) (4) Is amused by, or takes pleasure in, the psychological or physical suffering of others (including animals) (5) Has lied for the purpose of harming or inflicting pain on others (not merely to achieve some other goal) (6) Gets other people to do what he or she wants by frightening them (through intimidation or even terror) (7) Restricts the autonomy of people with whom he or she has close relationship (e.g., will not let spouse leave the house unaccompanied or permit teen-age daughter to attend social functions) (8) Is fascinated by violence, weapons, martial arts, injury, or torture B. The behavior in A has not been directed toward only on person (e.g., spouse, one child) and has not been solely for the purpose of sexual arousal (as in Sexual Sadism). (Myers et al., 2006)

Removal From the DSM -Was introduced to the DSM in 1987 by numerous theorists and clinicians -It was felt that “there was a clinical need for a category to describe persons, usually seen in forensic settings, who demonstrated a long-standing maladapative pattern of cruel, demeaning and aggressive behavior towards others” -They also thought that these symptoms and behaviors didn’t fit any other category included in the DSM-III-R -Its inclusion in the DSM-III-R was shortly followed with a deletion from the DSM-IV

Comorbidity with Other Personality Disorders - SPD is likely to occur with other forms of psychopathologic disorders - SPD is believed to be the personality disorder with the highest level of comorbidity. - There are difficulties in differentiating sadistic personality disorder from other personality disorders. - Those with SPD are more likely to also display conduct disorder - Bipolar and panic disorders are often linked with SPD. - People suffering from SPD also oftentimes have comorbid depression or alcohol dependence. - Oftentimes exist with borderline, histrionic, compulsive, and passive-aggressive personality disorders. - Related to self-defeating personality disorder. - Sadism is not found strictly in patients with psychopathic disorders - Sadistic personality traits are found in “non-clinical, non forensic youth populations” (Chabrol et al., 2009)

Familial Patterns in Sadistic Personality Disorders - There is a familial pattern associated with SPD. - Relatives of patients with sadistic personality disorder often have some type of psychopathology themselves. -Patients with SPD tend to have had a childhood history of sexual abuse -In one study 68.4% of patients had a relatives with a history of alcohol abuse -SPD tends to start during childhood and continue into later life -Childhood actions influence SPD later on in life -Aggressiveness -Impulsivity -Acts of bullying -Absence of parents -Possible presence of “unsocialized aggressive syndrome”

Theodore Million's Sadistic Personality Subtypes -Explosive Sadist -Uncontrollable rage and fearsome attacks -Subsequently contrite -Tyrannical Sadist -Relishes menacing and brutalizing others -Intentionally surly, abusive -Enforcing Sadist -“Hostility sublimated in the ‘public interest’” -Spineless Sadist -Basically insecure -Cowardly

Links to Be Used in Article -Bradley, R., Shedler, J., Westen, D. (2006). Is the appendix a useful appendage? An empirical examination of depressive, passive-aggressive (negativistic), sadistic and self-defeatingpersonality disorders. Journal of Personality Disorders, 20(5), 534-540. Retrieved from http://guilfordjournals.com.proxy.bc.edu/doi/pdf/10.1521/pedi.2006.20.5.524 - Chabrol, H., Van Leeuwen, N., Rodgers, R., & Sejourne, N. (2009). Contributions of psychopathic, narcissistic, machiavellian, and sadistic personality traits to juvenile delinquency. Personality and Individual Differences, 47(7), 734-739. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com.proxy.bc.edu/science/article/pii/S019188690900275X -Kaminer, D., Stein, D. J. (2011). Sadistic Personality Disorder in Perpetrators of Human Rights Abuses: A South African Case Study. Current Opinion in Psychiatry 21:1, 84-92. Retrieved from http://guilfordjournals.com.proxy.bc.edu/doi/pdf/10.1521/pedi.15.6.475.19191 -Million, T. (1996). Disorders of Personality DSM-IV and Beyond. New York: Wiley-Interscience Publication. - Myers, W. C., Burket, R. C., & Husted, D. S. (2006). Sadistic personality disorder and comorbid mental illness in adolescent psychiatric inpatients. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online, 34(1), 61-71. Retrieved from http://www.jaapl.org/content/34/1/61.full.pdf html -O'Meara, A., Davies, J., & Hammond, S. (2011). The psychometric properties and utility of the Short Sadistic Impulse Scale (SSIS). Psychological Assessment, 23(2), 523-531. doi:10.1037/a0022400 - Reich, J. (1992). Prevalence and characteristics of sadistic personality disorder in an outpatient veterans population. Psychiatry Research, 48, 267-276. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com.proxy.bc.edu/science/article/pii/016517819390077T - Reidy, D. E., Zeichner, A., & Seibert, L. A. (2011). Unprovoked aggression: Effects of psychopathic traits and sadism. Journal of Personality, 79(1), 75-100. Retrieved from brary.wiley.com.proxy.bc.edu/doi/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2010.00691.x/full

Looks really good! However, not a word about (theories about) causes? And, a minor detail, please only use capital letters in the first word of each section. See: [[WP:MOS] "Sentence case rather than title case is used in Wikipedia article titles and section headings". Thank you! Lova Falk talk 07:34, 23 October 2012 (UTC) I see a lot of value, but we should avoid entangling this article, about a specific cause of sadistic behavior, with the greater topic of sadism, most of which I'm pretty sure isn't driven by this specific disorder. I'd also advocate an approach of inserting this material into the current article vs. a wholesale rewrite (not sure exactly what you're proposing between those two extremes). I have a few nits, like the DSM history, ought to be more specific about why it didn't make it into the DSM-IV (maybe even a reference to how blatant the general DSM process has become) and it's mirror disorder about which the political fuss was made, but overall, at first glance, this looks good. Hga (talk) 13:48, 23 October 2012 (UTC) Hga: "maybe even a reference to how blatant the general DSM process has become"? - sounds to me like point of view. Also, a neutral text about the discussion on the DSM process (with sources) belongs to a DSM article and not to this article. Lova Falk talk 15:27, 23 October 2012 (UTC) It's a pretty well established point of view, but, agreed, wading into that general topic in this article would not be correct, a simple reference like the one in this comment of mine is sufficient. Hga (talk) 12:52, 24 October 2012 (UTC)