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Overview The United States is the world’s largest producer of beef, according to the USDA. The United States also has the largest fed-cattle industry in the world, primarily high-quality, grain-fed beef used for both domestic and export use.

The U.S. beef industry has undergone massive improvements in overall system efficiency. High-quality beef continues to flow to consumers even as the overall cattle and calf inventory has dropped from 130 million in 1975 to 92.6 million in 2011 (NASS). This is occurring because of significant improvements to genetics, which has virtually doubled the weaning weights since the 1960s and has made it possible to consistently deliver an animal that has gained 1,000 pounds each month since birth. The other efficiency gains have been made through technology, including growth implants with strategies to optimize their use. Also, industry consolidation has led to more comprehensive use of parasite control, mineral supplementation, good feedbunk management, optimization of rebreeding cycles and much more.

Like most commodity production, cattle and beef are subjected to a cyclical pattern of production: a series of peaks and valleys in herd size and production that typically lasts from eight to 12 years. This cycle of production is counter-cyclical to the price. These cycles fall heaviest on the cow/calf sector, which has no real margin recourse or an ability to manage supply effectively. In beef production, large amounts of grain are fed to the animals, so the cattle cycle is affected by the price and supplies of grain as well. Today, we see the effects of foreign trade and the politics of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE or more commonly, mad cow disease) dramatically influencing price. While exports generally amount to 7 percent of total beef sales, the effect on price can be dramatic and has been a significant drag on what should be a higher market at this time.

The cattle industry plays an integral role in the country’s economic growth and well being. More than one million cattlemen and women do business in a free-market economy and represent the largest single segment of American agriculture.

The 2007 U.S. Census of Agriculture found that the largest single segment of the U.S. agricultural economy is beef production, with cattle and calves representing about 21 percent of total farm sales.

According to the American Farm Bureau Federation, agriculture is responsible for approximately 21 million jobs—everything from growing the food to selling it in the supermarket. Beef production itself is a major employer, with more than 186,000 full-time jobs on farms and ranches creating more than 1 million more jobs throughout the economy.

Demand Beef consumption in the United States averaged 61.2 pounds per person in 2008, down from 65 pounds in 2000 (ERS 2008). According to USDA, U.S. consumers continue to purchase more meat with a smaller proportion of disposable income, continuing the long-term trend. ERS predicts that over the next 10 years, meat purchases will decline from about 2 percent to 1.3 percent of disposable income. As of 2007, meat purchases accounted for 1.7 percent of disposable personal income and 30 percent of total food expenditures.

A USDA study concluded that almost 65 percent of all beef was purchased at retail stores for at-home consumption. Ground beef ranked first for at-home consumption followed by steaks. On average, consumers purchased 43 pounds of beef from retail stores. Ground beef consumed at restaurants accounted for 60 percent of the beef eaten away from home. Consumers purchased more than 23 pounds of beef away from home a year.

Production On January 1, 2011, the inventory of U.S. beef cows was 30.9 million head, down 2 percent from January 1, 2010. Beef replacement heifers totaled 5.2 million head, down 5 percent. Cattle and calves on feed for slaughter in all feedlots totaled 14 million, up 3 percent. (NASS 2011)

Nearly 70 percent of U.S. cattle are produced in the central region of the country, extending from North Dakota to Texas and from South Dakota to Tennessee. According to the 2007 Census of Agriculture, there were 687,540 beef cattle operations in the United States. Texas hosts the largest number of beef operations (131,769), followed by Missouri (51,289), Oklahoma (47,059) and Tennessee (42,344).

Nebraska, Iowa and Kansas host the largest number of feedlots, but Texas, Kansas, Nebraska and Colorado market the most cattle annually, that is, 5.7 million head, 5.1 million head, 4.8 million head and 1.9 million head, respectively.

In their U.S. Baseline Briefing Book, University of Missouri experts noted that beef demand should strengthen as the U.S. economy recovers. Processing Beef production totaled 26.4 billion pounds in 2010, up 1 percent from the previous year. Commercial cattle slaughter during 2010 totaled 34.2 million head, up 3 percent from 2009. The average live weight was 1,279 pounds, down 14 pounds from a year ago. Steers comprised 49.2 percent of the total federally inspected cattle slaughter, heifers 29.8 percent, other cows 10.8 percent, dairy cows 8.3 percent and bulls 1.8 percent.

In their Meat and Poultry Facts 2008, AMI experts speculated that beef slaughter rates will stall, triggering a reconfiguration of the beef packing industry. A South American firm, JBS, purchased two U.S. beef packers in 2008: Swift & Company and Smithfield Beef Group. Barring further consolidation, JBS is likely to dominate the industry in the coming years.

According to NASS, 632 of the 841 plants operating under federal inspection slaughtered cattle. The 14 largest plants slaughtered 55 percent of the total cattle killed in 2010. In 2006, the four largest plants slaughtered nearly 70 percent of all cattle commercially slaughtered.

Top Ten Beef Packers Company Name and Location 	Daily Capacity

Tyson Foods, Arkansas 27,375 JBS Swift1, Colorado 	26,050 Cargill Meat Solutions, Kansas 	25,850 National Beef Packing Co., Missouri 	13,100 American Foods Group, Minnesota 	5,575 Nebraska Beef, Nebraska 	3,000 Greater Omaha Packing, Nebraska 	2,650 XL Beef 	2,200

Caviness 1,700 Creekstone, Kansas 	1,600 1JBS acquired Smithfield Beef Group in October 2008. Source: Meat and Poultry Facts, AMI, January 2010.

Exports Overall, the U.S. beef industry exported 726,229 metric tons (MT) of beef and veal valued at $3.4 billion. Top buyers, accounting for more than half of the U.S. beef exports, were Mexico, Canada, Japan and South Korea. In 2010, Brazil and Australia exported more beef than the United States. However, these countries primarily graze their cattle on pasture rather than feed them grain. Factors allowing for the upward momentum in the U.S. beef export market, according to USDA, include the weak dollar and strong economic recovery in the rest of the world, coupled with tightened supplies of competing beef. USDA estimated total U.S. beef exports for 2011 at 2.43 billion pounds or 9.3 percent of U.S. production.

Imports The United States remains a net importer of beef. According to FAS, the United States imported 768,558 MT of beef and veal valued at $2.8 billion. Canada continued to rank as the largest supplier of fresh/chilled beef into the United States in 2010, closely followed by Australia.

Competitive Analysis In terms of red meat expenditures in 2007, Americans spent $270.42 per person on beef (AMI). According to the USDA, U.S. consumers spent $159.37 per person on poultry that year.

Beef has traditionally competed with the pork industry for per capita meat consumption with United States and global consumers. However, the poultry industry has increased in per capita meat consumption and the amount of disposable income spent on meat at a greater rate than beef or pork. This trend is attributed in part to the rapid development of convenient poultry products. As more and more consumers work outside the home, convenience and ease of preparation become an issue for the meat industry. Price is also a consideration.

Value-added Opportunities Because the cyclical nature of the beef industry leads to over-supplies and depressed prices, many producers look for alternatives to market their cattle versus the traditional live commodity markets.

Organic Beef During the 1990s, organic farming became one of the fastest growing segments of U.S. agriculture. The United States had 43,782 beef cattle certified organic in 2008, up from 20,285 beef cows in 2003. USDA organic standards were implemented in 2002. The United States had 1.85 million acres of pasture and rangeland certified organic in 2008.

Why the large increase in organic beef? Many producers feel it is a good way to lower input costs, decrease reliance on nonrenewable resources, capture high-value markets with premium prices and boost farm income. Organic beef production is based on a system of farming that maintains and replenishes soil fertility without the use of pesticides and fertilizers. Organic beef is minimally processed without artificial ingredients, preservatives or irradiation. For more information on organic beef, please see the Organic Beef section of the Web site. Natural Beef Natural does not have the same strict interpretation as organic does. According to the USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service, all fresh meat qualifies as “natural,” but those labeled “natural” cannot contain any artificial flavor or flavoring, coloring ingredient, chemical preservatives or any other artificial or synthetic ingredient; and the product and its ingredients are not more than minimally processed (ground, for example). Some companies promote their beef as natural because the cattle were not exposed to antibiotics or hormones and were totally raised on a range instead of being “finished” in a feedlot.

Research conducted at Kansas State University has shown that consumers tended to associate natural beef with local, family farms and perceived an increased value from that aspect. Research shows that some suburban, higher income consumers in some regions are willing to pay more for natural beef cuts from the loin. This is a growing market but still a small percentage of total U.S. meat sales. For more information on natural beef, please see the Natural Beef section of the Web site. Branded/Certified/Verified Traceability, tracking the product from its origin through processing, is becoming a competitive advantage to today’s meat suppliers. Product quality attributes or the actual manufacturing process is verified or certified by a third party.

Such programs may become increasingly important as the food industry makes further attempts to appeal to the social consciousness of consumers. According to USDA, the top three U.S. restaurant franchises place restrictions on how animals used in the companies’ foods are produced, accounting for approximately 35 percent of franchised restaurant sales.

For more information, please visit the Branded/Certified/Verified section of the Web site. Direct Market Beef Direct marketing is selling food and farm products directly to consumers without using an intermediary. This may include direct sales to grocery stores, restaurants, door-to-door and freezer sales and Internet marketing.

Direct marketing of livestock products is not as common as other vegetables and melons, for example, because livestock require further processing. The percentage of farms with direct sales was higher in more urbanized counties.

However, direct marketing can provide prices for producers higher than typical wholesale prices, yet below supermarket prices. Interest in food safety, the environment and alternative agriculture has also supported this growth. Consumers enjoy dealing face-to-face with the producers of the products they are purchasing.

"Pastured, or free range, poultry" refers to a poultry production system that is characterized by chickens, turkeys or ducks being raised primarily on pasture. The birds supplement their grain feed by foraging for up to 20 percent of their intake and are often moved regularly to fresh pasture.

Pastured poultry is a niche market that taps into increased consumer demand for more natural and humanely raised protein sources. Consumers demanding this type of poultry product are generally willing to pay more for the system, which includes raising poultry on grassy pasture to deliver a product that is considered by many consumers to be healthier and tastier, as well as more environmentally sound. Pastured poultry production generally has lower entry costs and thus is attractive to smaller or limited resource farmers.

Marketing Pastured poultry also taps into the growing natural foods market. Like the natural foods market, the certified organic food market is quite similar in terms of consumer demands and characteristics. The Food Marketing Institute found that 59 percent of consumers look for and purchase products labeled as natural, and 37 percent look for and purchase products labeled as organic. Nutrition Business Journal estimated “natural” and organic food and beverage sales reached $28.2 billion in 2006, a 14.1 percent increase from 2005. However, the same publication found that organic meat sales were 24 percent of the total. While not all pastured poultry is certified organic, comparing the markets can be helpful in determining overall general tendencies in consumer demand.

Foods with a "natural" label had $22.3 billion in sales in 2008, according to "Healthy Eating Report for 2008" from the Nielsen Company, New York. The organic food industry, meanwhile, grew to more than $28.6 million in 2010, according to the Organic Trade Association.

Farmers' markets are being used as an important marketing outlet for many smaller direct marketing poultry producers. Producers often receive their highest prices at these markets, followed by restaurants. Retail and other sales return the lowest prices.

Small-scale producers sold nearly 50 percent of their chickens directly from their farm. Large-scale producers, defined as producers raising more than 4,000 chickens a year, sold a greater proportion of their chickens to restaurants and retail outlets.

This growth trend in farmers' markets supports the growing consumer demand for direct-marketed, small-scale production techniques such as free range or pastured poultry. For instance, farmers' market consumers are requesting more information about how products were grown and if they were grown organically. According to a 2004 Economic Research Service (ERS) publication, when 210 farmers' market managers were polled, customers with a strong demand for organic products were also interested in environmental and social issues within agriculture, including sustainable development, environmental pollution and wildlife protection. These factors support expanded marketing opportunities for small-scale poultry production such as pastured and free range.

Pastured meat products and the growth of that market can also be attributed to the fact that a growing number of consumers support smaller farmers, are opposed to livestock raised in confinement and have a set of values that prefer animal products resulting from a pastured system.

In its "America’s Changing Appetite: Food Consumption and Spending to 2020" report, the Economic Research Service (ERS 2002) concluded that U.S. consumers would be demanding more quality due to increased population and an increase in educational attainment and wealth. Quality purchases look at differentiated products and include foods marketed with specific production techniques such as pastured poultry, for instance. Consumers are demanding higher quality, healthy foods, and they are increasingly demanding to know that their food is safe. They also want assurances from agricultural producers, retailers and foodservice workers about how the food was grown and what production techniques were used.

According to the same ERS study, total poultry purchases are expected to have market growth of 19 percent for at-home meals and 18 percent for away-from-home meals. If specific qualities such as environmental concerns and animal welfare continue to gain consumer support, these types of production systems will provide a growing market for pastured poultry producers.

Demand According to the National Chicken Council, U.S. consumption of chicken steadily increased from 2000 until peaking at 87.7 pounds per person in 2006. Chicken consumption was 83.8 pounds per person in 2009. Chicken has passed beef and is currently the most consumed meat.

Production The many management alternatives available to poultry producers are as follows:

* Portable houses * Pasture pens * Integrated systems

Thousands of small farms in the United States and worldwide produce what is called "pastured poultry." To these farmers, pastured poultry means chickens and other poultry raised right on top of living grasses. As long as they get all the grass they want, poultry can qualify to be called grass fed. This is accomplished by keeping the birds in low, wide, bottomless cages called "chicken tractors" that are moved to a new spot of fresh pasture once or more often each day.

The term grass-fed poultry is a larger group, of which the pastured birds are a sub-set. Among producers, grass-fed poultry means birds that are allowed to forage on as much living grasses as they desire, whether in chicken tractors, small coops surrounded by pasture, or the exclusive French "Label Rouge," or Red Label, birds.

The Label Rouge System For people seeking ways to increase the profit potential of free range poultry systems as a full-time enterprise, the new “Label Rouge” approach may hold promise. Popular in France since the mid-1960s, the “red label” system produces free range poultry on a larger scale and takes advantage of direct marketing opportunities. In France, Label Rouge chickens have captured 33 percent of the poultry market. Label Rouge enterprises offer independence, use lower densities of birds per housing unit, allow flock access to pasture, discourage routine medication and feature longer life spans–12 weeks–for broilers and other meat birds to reach market weight. The longer life of the birds has become a chief marketing point, along with a flavor Label Rouge proponents claim is superior. Because the Label Rouge bird is not a typical American Cornish Cross breed, because it lives longer and because, after processing, it is cooled through air chilling, people consistently notice a taste difference. Air chilling discourages cross-contamination because carcasses are hung and chilled separately rather than lying in contact in a water bath, and flavor is not compromised by chlorine, typically added to chill water in poultry processing plants to kill bacteria and other microbes.

While a farmer may not be able to produce as many of these flocks per season, charging considerably more for each bird boosts profits. For more information on Label Rouge, go to http://attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/labelrouge.html. Pastured poultry generally commands higher prices; therefore, the potential for profit is higher than with conventional, confinement poultry. Under this system, poultry is usually sold locally, with only minimal processing. Broilers sell for between $1.50 and $2.50 per pound, dressed weight. Turkeys sell between $1.75 and $2.50 per pound. Prices vary among producers. The price difference often depends on whether the birds are sold from the chill tank, or are bagged, weighed, labeled and ready for the freezer. Production costs are usually about 1/2 to 2/3 the sale price. Many producers do not add their labor into production costs. It is the most commonly used pasture poultry method at present. Free range has been practiced for a century or more. This system fell out of favor in the 1960s due to disease and predator inroads, and was mostly replaced by commercial confinement poultry production. Free Range generally means a fenced pasture surrounding the barn or poultry shelter.

Integrated systems focus on services that poultry can provide, such as fertilization, tillage and insect and weed control rather than only meat production. Various species of domestic animals are raised together to complement each other. Disease cycles can be broken when the same species does not occupy the same site all of the time.

Chickens need protection and shade outdoors, such as trees and bush plantings. In fact, they may not venture outdoors without it. United Kingdom studies of free range poultry suggest that the amount of sun and the time of day have the greatest impact on chicken behavior. Chickens were most active during partial sun and during the morning and late afternoon.

Chickens obtain limited nutrients from forage plants, although eggs from hens raised on legumes and grass have more omega 3 fatty acids and vitamins than eggs from hens raised only on grass. Worms and insects provide high-quality nutrients, but research suggests that modern broilers need adequate nutrients and feed supplementation.

One limitation of pastured poultry: in cooler climates, the birds can only be raised during the summer and early fall months. Another limitation, especially for large-scale pastured poultry operations, is labor requirements. Many tasks, such as watering and feeding, must be done by hand.

Often, pastured poultry is one enterprise of many for producers.

Processing One major concern for many producers is processing--both the availability of licensed processors and the quality of the processing. To sell across state lines, producers must have their poultry butchered at a federally inspected plant. To sell within their state, producers need only have their poultry butchered at a state-inspected plant. A thorough understanding of the appropriate state and federal laws regarding poultry processing and sales is vital for each pastured poultry producer.

Additionally, with global concerns over avian influenza and other livestock diseases, pastured poultry producers should be familiar with poultry diseases, their symptoms and any relevant reporting procedures surrounding disease outbreaks.

Government/Regulatory Involvement The USDA does not currently have specific regulatory definitions for free range although the term is allowed on labels under certain conditions. When applying for label approval, the producer must submit a brief description of the housing, which the USDA reviews to determine that poultry have access to the outdoors for at least half their lives. In contrast, the European Union defines free range, specifying maximum stocking density, type of feed, minimum slaughter age and amount of space to go outside.

U.S. Cattle and Beef Industry, 2002-2010

* Retail equivalent value of U.S. beef industry: 2002: $60 billion 2003: $63 billion 2004: $70 billion 2005: $71 billion 2006: $71 billion 2007: $74 billion 2008: $76 billion 2009: $73 billion 2010: $74 billion

* Total U.S. beef consumption: 2002: 27.9 billion pounds 2003: 27.0 billion pounds 2004: 27.8 billion pounds 2005: 27.8 billion pounds 2006: 28.1 billion pounds 2007: 28.1 billion pounds 2008: 27.3 billion pounds 2009: 26.8 billion pounds 2010: 26.4 billion pounds

* Value of U.S. cattle and calf production: 2002: $27.1 billion 2003: $32.1 billion 2004: $34.8 billion 2005: $36.6 billion 2006: $35.6 billion 2007: $36.0 billion 2008: $35.6 billion 2009: $32.0 billion 2010: $37.0 billion

* U.S. beef production (commercial carcass weight): 2002: 27.09 billion pounds 2003: 26.24 billion pounds 2004: 24.55 billion pounds 2005: 24.68 billion pounds 2006: 26.15 billion pounds 2007: 26.42 billion pounds 2008: 26.56 billion pounds 2009: 26.07 billion pounds 2010: 26.41 billion pounds

* U.S. beef exports (commercial carcass weight and value): 2002: 2.447 billion pounds, $2.629 billion 2003: 2.518 billion pounds, $3.186 billion 2004: 460 million pounds, $631 million 2005: 697 million pounds, $1.031 billion 2006: 1.132 billion pounds, $1.617 billion 2007: 1.434 billion pounds, $2.187 billion 2008: 1.996 billion pounds, $3.014 billion 2009: 1.935 billion pounds, $2.909 billion 2010: 2.300 billion pounds, $3.839 billion

* U.S. beef exports as percent of production: 2002: 9.0 percent 2003: 9.6 percent 2004: 1.9 percent 2005: 2.8 percent 2006: 4.4 percent 2007: 5.4 percent 2008: 7.1 percent 2009: 7.4 percent 2010: 8.7 percent

* U.S. commercial slaughter: 2002: 35.735 million head (including 29.4 million steers and heifers and 5.76 million cull beef and dairy cows) 2003: 35.49 million head (including 28.7 million steers and heifers and 6.1 million cull beef and dairy cows) 2004: 32.727 million head (27 million steers and heifers and 5.2 million cull beef and dairy cows) 2005: 32.387 million head (27 million steers and heifers and 4.86 million cull beef and dairy cows) 2006: 33.698 million head (27.8 million steers and heifers and 5.43 million cull beef and dairy cows) 2007: 34.3 million head (27.9 million steers and heifers and 5.8 million cull beef and dairy cows) 2008: 34.4 million head (27.5 million steers and heifers and 6.3 million cull beef and dairy cows) 2009: 33.3 million head (26.5 million steers and heifers and 6.2 million cull beef and dairy cows) 2010: 34.2 million head (27.1 million steers and heifers and 6.5 million cull beef and dairy cows)

* Cattle inventory o January 1, 2003: + U.S.—96.1 million, down from 1996 peak of 103.5 million + Canada—13.5 million head o January 1, 2004 + U.S.—94.4 million head (cyclical low) + Canada—14.6 million head o January 1, 2005 + U.S.—94.0 million head + Canada—14.9 million head o January 1, 2006 + U.S.—96.3 million head + Canada—14.7 million head o January 1, 2007 + U.S.—96.6 million head + Canada—14.2 million head o January 1, 2008 + U.S.—96.0 million head + Canada—13.9 million head o January 1, 2009 + U.S.—94.5 million head + Canada—13.2 million head o January 1, 2010 + U.S.—93.9 million head + Canada—12.9 million head o January 1, 2011 + U.S.—92.6 million head + Canada—12.5 million head

o See all U.S. and State cattle inventories

* Statistics on meat animal production

* U.S. livestock outlook/situation:

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Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry Outlook (includes current situation and forecasts) * World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (all issues) * U.S.-Canada cattle inventories

U.S. Beef Prices

* Context before discovery of BSE in the United States, December 23, 2003: o Average monthly price in November 2003: $4.32/pound, Choice beef o Previous monthly record high: $3.476 in June 2001, when market was adjusting to similar period of tight beef supplies o Annual prices in 2003 averaged another record-high, $3.75/pound o Supply and quality of beef nearing cyclical lows

* Post BSE discovery: o Annual prices in 2005 averaged $4.09/pound o Annual prices in 2006 averaged $3.97/pound o Annual prices in 2007 averaged $4.16/pound o Annual prices in 2008 averaged $4.33/pound o Annual prices in 2009 averaged $4.26/pound o Annual prices in 2010 averaged $4.40/pound

* Current cattle/beef prices: o Daily Download PDF version o Weekly Download PDF version

* Retail beef prices—annual, quarterly, monthly

U.S. cattle imports from Canada:

* 2002: 1.686 million head * 2003: 0.512 million head * 2004: 135 head * 2005: 0.559 million head * 2006: 1.032 million head * 2007: 1.405 million head * 2008: 1.581 million head * 2009: 1.061 million head * 2010: 1.063 million head

U.S. cattle imports from all sources:

* 2002: 2.503 million head * 2003: 1.752 million head * 2004: 1.371 million head * 2005: 1.816 million head * 2006: 2.289 million head * 2007: 2.495 million head * 2008: 2.284 million head * 2009: 2.002 million head * 2010: 2.284 million head

Share of U.S. cattle imports from Canada:

* 2002: 67 percent * 2003: 29 percent * 2004: <0.1 percent * 2005: 31 percent * 2006: 45 percent * 2007: 56 percent * 2008: 69 percent * 2009: 53 percent * 2010: 47 percent

Beef and veal imports from Canada (carcass weight):

* 2002: 1.091 billion pounds * 2003: 0.740 billion pounds * 2004: 1.062 billion pounds * 2005: 1.092 billion pounds * 2006: 0.844 billion pounds * 2007: 0.789 billion pounds * 2008: 0.841 billion pounds * 2009: 0.812 billion pounds * 2010: 0.861 billion pounds

Beef and veal imports from all sources (carcass weight):

* 2002: 3.218 billion pounds * 2003: 3.006 billion pounds * 2004: 3.679 billion pounds * 2005: 3.599 billion pounds * 2006: 3.085 billion pounds * 2007: 3.052 billion pounds * 2008: 2.538 billion pounds * 2009: 2.627 billion pounds * 2010: 2.297 billion pounds

Beef import share from Canada:

* 2002: 34 percent * 2003: 25 percent * 2004: 29 percent * 2005: 30 percent * 2006: 27 percent * 2007: 26 percent * 2008: 33 percent * 2009: 31 percent * 2010: 31 percent

Beef imports from Canada as share of U.S. beef consumption:

* 2002: 3.9 percent * 2003: 2.7 percent * 2004: 3.8 percent * 2005: 3.9 percent * 2006: 3.0 percent * 2007: 2.8 percent * 2008: 3.1 percent * 2009: 3.0 percent * 2010: 3.3 percent

Canadian beef markets: U.S., Mexico, Japan, Korea, and other countries.

Value of all Canadian beef/cattle exports (Canadian dollars):

* 2002         o $1.832 billion in live animals o $2.166 billion in beef products o $3.998 billion total sales * 2003         o $1.518 billion in live animals o $0.592 billion in beef products o $2.110 billion in total sales * 2004         o $23.015 billion in live animals o $0 in beef products o $2.015 billion in total sales * 2005         o $0.628 million in live animals o $1.886 billion in beef products o $2.514 billion in total sales * 2006         o $1.189 billion in live animals o $1.262 billion in beef products o $2.450 billion in total sales

* 2007         o $1.545 billion in live animals o $1.133 billion in beef products o $2.678 billion in total sales

* 2008         o $1.646 billion in live animals o $1.062 billion in beef products o $2.708 billion in total sales

* 2009         o $1.122 billion in live animals o $1.049 billion in beef products o $2.171 billion in total sales

* 2010         o $1.128 billion in live animals o $1.150 billion in beef products o $2.278 billion in total sales

YEAR	BEEF	BROILERS	OTHER CHICKEN	TOTAL CHICKEN 1965	74.6	29.9	3.8	33.7	66	78.1	32	3.6	35.6	67	79.8	32.5	4.1	36.6	68	82	33.1	4	37.1	1969	82.5	34.9	3.6	38.5	1970	84.6	36.6	3.7	40.3	71	83.9	36.4	3.9	40.3	72	85.3	38.1	3.6	41.7	73	80.5	36.7	3.2	39.9	74	85.6	36.6	3.1	39.7	1975	88.2	36.3	2.7	39	76	94.4	39.4	2.7	42.1	77	91.8	40.2	2.6	42.8	78	87.3	42.5	2.4	44.9	79	78.1	46	2.3	48.3	1980	76.6	45.8	2.2	48	81	77.3	46.9	2.5	49.4	82	77	47	2.6	49.6	83	78.7	47.4	2.4	49.8	84	78.4	49.2	2.4	51.6	1985	79.2	51	2.1	53.1	86	78.8	52	2.3	54.3	87	73.9	55.1	2.3	57.4	88	72.8	55.3	2.2	57.5	89	69	57.2	2.1	59.3	1990	67.8	59.5	2	61.5	91	66.6	62	1.9	63.9	92	66.2	65.6	1.9	67.5	93	64.6	68	1.8	69.8	94	66.3	68.8	1.6	70.4	1995	66.6	68	1.5	69.5	96	67.2	69.4	0.8	70.2	97	65.7	71.4	0.5	71.9	98	66.7	72.1	0.4	72.5	99	67.5	76.3	0.6	76.9	2000	67.7	76.9	1.1	78	2001	66.2	76.7	1.2	77.9	2002	67.6	80.6	1.6	82.2	2003	64.9	81.6	1.4	83	2004	66.1	84.4	1.1	85.5	2005	65.6	85.8	1.3	87.1	2006	65.8	86.5	1.2	87.7	2007	65.3	85.2	1.2	86.4	2008	62.7	83.4	1.4	84.8	2009	61.1	79.7	1.3	81	2010	59.6	82.3	1.3	83.6	2011 2/	57.4	83	1.4	84.4	2012 3/	54.1	79.6	1.4	81