User talk:Antonywyman123

A management information system (MIS) provides information that organizations need to manage themselves efficiently and effectively. Management information systems are typically computer systems used for managing three primary components: technology, people (individuals, groups, or organizations), and data (information for decision making). Management information systems are distinct from other information systems, in that they are used to analyze and facilitate strategic and operational activities. Academically, the term is commonly used to refer to the study of how individuals, groups, and organizations evaluate, design, implement, manage, and utilize systems to generate information to improve efficiency and effectiveness of decision making, including systems termed decision support systems, expert systems, and executive information systems.

Early business computers were used for simple operations such as tracking inventory, billing, sales, or payroll data, with little detail or structure. Over time, these computer applications became more complex, hardware storage capacities grew, and technologies improved for connecting previously isolated applications. MIS described applications providing managers with information about sales, inventories, and other data that would help in managing the enterprise.

five eras of MIS evolution corresponding to the five phases in the development of computing technology: 1) mainframe and minicomputer computing, 2) personal computers, 3) client/server networks, 4) enterprise computing, and 5) cloud computing. The first era (mainframe and minicomputer) was ruled by IBM and their mainframe computers; In the late 1970s minicomputer technology gave way to personal computers and relatively low cost computers were becoming mass market commodities, allowing businesses to provide their employees access to computing power. that ten years before would have cost tens of thousands of dollars. As technological complexity increased and costs decreased, the need to share information within an enterprise also grew—giving rise to the third era (client/server), in which computers on a common network access shared information on a server. This lets thousands and even millions of people access data simultaneously •	Management information systems (MIS), scheduled reports based on data from the firm’s transaction processing systems to middle and operational level managers to identify and inform decision problems. •	Decision Support Systems (DSS) used by middle management to compile information from a wide range of sources to support problem solving and decision making. •	Executive Information Systems (EIS) is a reporting tool that provides quick access to summarized reports from all company levels and departments such as accounting, human resources and operations. •	Marketing Information Systems (MIS) are Management Information Systems designed specifically for managing the marketing aspects of the business. •	Office Automation Systems (OAS) support communication and productivity in the enterprise by automating work flow and eliminating bottlenecks. •	School Management Information Systems (SMIS) cover school administration,and including teaching and learning materials. •	Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) facilitates the flow of information between all business functions inside the boundaries of the organization and manage the connections to outside stakeholders.

Decision Support Systems A decision support system (DSS) is a computer-based information system that supports business or organizational decision-making activities. DSSs serve the management, operations, and planning levels of an organization and help to make decisions, which may be rapidly changing and not easily specified in advance. Decision support systems can be either fully computerized, human or a combination of both. Executive Information System(EIS) An executive information system (EIS) is a type of management information system that facilitates and supports senior executive information and decision-making needs. (17) In general, EIS are enterprise-wide DSS that help top-level executives analyze, compare, and highlight trends in important variables so that they can monitor performance and identify opportunities and problems.

A marketing Information Sytem it as a \"system in which marketing data is formally gathered, stored, analysed and distributed to managers in accordance with their informational needs on a regular basis. define it more broadly as \"people, equipment, and procedures to gather, sort, analyze, evaluate, and distribute needed, timely, and accurate information to marketing decision makers A marketing information system is a management information system designed to support marketing decision making. Office Automation System Office automation refers to the varied computer machinery and software used to digitally create, collect, store, manipulate, and relay office information needed for accomplishing basic tasks. All office functions, including dictation, typing, filing, copying, fax, Telex, microfilm and records management, telephone and telephone switchboard operations, fall into this category. Raw data storage, electronic transfer, and the management of electronic business information comprise the basic activities of an office automation system. Office automation helps in optimizing or automating existing office procedures. Enterprise resource planning Given the realities of globalization, enterprises continuously evaluate how to optimize their regional, divisional and product or manufacturing strategies to support strategic goals and reduce time-to-market while increasing profitability and delivering value. Front office functions such as customer relationship management (CRM) dealt directly with customers, or e–business systems such as e–commerce, e–government, e–telecom, and e–finance, or supplier relationship management (SRM) became integrated later, when the Internet simplified communicating with external parties Many companies took this opportunity to replace such systems with ERP. [8] ERP systems initially focused on automating back office functions that did not directly affect customers and the general public. This company uses independent global or regional distribution, production or sales centers, and service providers to support the main company’s customers. Rather than confine ERP system capabilities within the organization, it goes beyond the corporate walls to interact with other systems. The purpose of ERP is to facilitate the flow of information between all business functions inside the boundaries of the organization and manage the connections to outside stakeholders. Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems integrate internal and external management of information across an entire organization—embracing finance/accounting, manufacturing, sales and service, customer relationship management, Customer relationship management (CRM) dealt directly with customers, or e–business systems such as e–commerce, e–government, e–telecom, and e–finance, or supplier relationship management (SRM) became integrated later, when the Internet simplified communicating with external parties ERP systems initially focused on automating back office functions that did not directly affect customers and the general public. ERP makes the company more flexible and less rigidly structured in an effort to allow the different parts of an organization to become more cohesive, in turn, enhancing the business both internally and externally. They protect sensitive data by consolidating multiple security systems into a single structure. Benefits ERP can greatly improve the quality and efficiency of a business. Tasks that benefit from this integration include: Sales forecasting, which allows inventory optimization Chronological history of every transaction through relevant data compilation in every area of operation. This decision support allows the upper level management to make managerial choices that enhance the business down the road. ERP provides support to upper level management to provide them with critical decision making information. By keeping a company\'s internal business process running smoothly, ERP can lead to better outputs that benefit the company such as customer service, and manufacturing. Re-engineering business processes to fit the ERP system may damage competitiveness or divert focus from other critical activities. Overcoming resistance to sharing sensitive information between departments can divert management attention.