User talk:Arya244

1.What is self Inductance? Ans:-It is a phenomenon in which when current i changes in the coil, due to that magnetic field B changes and with change in magnetic field, the magnetic flux ɸ linked with the coil also change and then the emf induced will appear across the ends of the same coil.

2.How emf in the coil induced? Ans:- when electric current i flows through the coil, due to flow of electric current the magnetic field obtained now that magnetic field will be constant unless the direction of current changes in the input of coil which is possible in ac supply, using ac supply current will be bi-directional in this case the magnetic field B changes due to change in current this tends to cause magnetic flux ɸ which will also changes due to change in magnetic field and that flux when link with coil and according to Faraday's law "emf" induce across ends of the coil.


 * SI Unit of self inductance in "Henry", denoted by "H", suppose if 1 ampere of current is flowing through a coil or Inductor, & if the voltage across its ends is 1 v, then the inductance will be L= 1H/sec, where "L" is known as the co-efficiency of inductance.

3.What is Mutual inductance? Ans:-''It is the phenomenon in which two coils are placed in such a way so that when i current flows through one coil induce emf in second coil.

*''let ɸ1 be the magnetic flux of coil 1 and ɸ2 for coil 2, i1 current flows through coil 1 and i2 current flows through coil 2, ɸ2 is directly proportional to i1, "M" is the constant or co-efficient of mutual inductance, so, in that case ɸ2 = M x i1.

VOLTAGE
1.What is voltage ? = It is the potential difference applied across electric circuit, it is the difference between two electrical states which tends to cause the flow of electric current between these potential.

*volt is known as the unit of electromotive force and even the potential difference applied across the circuit.

*volt is the potential difference applied across the conductor carrying current of 1 A and even power dissipated through the circuit of 1 Watt,voltage is denoted by "V".

2. Types of voltage? ''= There are two types of voltage used in the circuits according to the requirement and its application. a - DC voltage b - AC voltage''

*DC voltage is the constant voltage where as the direction of current is unidirectional so accordingly the DC voltage applied across the circuit should be constant depending upon the value of dc volts applied. -DC supply is in straight line w.r.t current and voltage.

*AC voltage is known as the voltage applied across the circuit with the alternation current flowing through it, so if the current flowing in the circuits is alternating then applied voltage is also alternating. -AC supply is sinusoidal w.r.t voltage and current. *If we deeply look into this,AC voltage constitutes a sine wave which has amplitude, frequency and phase that means ac voltage is dependent upon these three portion of ac supply.

*There is the relation between voltage and current:

= Suppose any conductor carrying electric current i through it, means electric charge is flowing through the conductor now for how much time these charges can flow thus current flow that depends upon the applied voltage across conductor that is "V", the value of v will define the amount of charge and with what rate a charge can flow through the circuit, because if we are using DC voltage that has fixed value with particular rate of flow of charge or dc battery which is used and dc voltage so that's why mostly the appliance used at home use high voltage work on ac supply which has no limit and can provide continue supply,But in case of ac voltage direction of current will be alternating because of this it is safe for long distance transmission. *Uses of ac and dc voltages.

= AC voltages normally used for high voltage application,for the long distance transmission, electrical appliance used at home like fan, refrigerator, television etc,specially the instruments and devices required high voltage to operate. ''*DC voltages normally used for low voltage application, because it might be catastrophic while using high dc voltage to operate some devices, It depends upon the kind of instrument and devices we are using which can operate in dc supply. example- LED's,Invertor,Power supplies etc.''

* What is current? =''It is flow electrical charge carriers usually electrons and electron-deficient atoms. common symbol for current is I and unit of current is A ampere, 1 ampere of current represents 1 coulomb of electric charge(6.24 X 10^18)charge carriers''. -electric are of two types either direct or alternating current. -''Direct current (DC) flows in the same direction at all points in time, although the instantaneous magnitude of the current might vary. In an alternating current (AC), the flow of charge carriers reverses direction periodically. The number of complete AC cycles per second is the frequency, which is measured in hertz. An example of pure DC is the current produced by an electro-chemical cell. The output of a power-supply rectifier, prior to filtering, is an example of pulsating DC. The output of common utility outlets is AC.'' -''Current per unit cross-sectional area is known as current density. It is expressed in amperes per square meter, amperes per square centimeter, or amperes per square millimeter. Current density can also be expressed in amperes per circular mil. In general, the greater the current in a conductor, the higher the current density.'' -''An electric current always produces a magnetic field. The stronger the current, the more intense the magnetic field. A pulsating DC, or an AC, characteristically produces an electromagnetic field. This is the principle by which wireless signal propagation occurs. '' where as we have discussed before V ∝ I, If V increases then I also increase but resistance has to be constant in that case.

''It is given by Q ∝ I²R, here Q is denoted as heat or energy generated or amount of heat, unit of heat or energy is joule and equivalent to 1 joule/sec= 1 watts.''
 * Resistive heating:Bold text

*Drift speed ''The mobile charged particles within a conductor move constantly in random directions, like the particles of a gas. (More accurately, a Fermi gas.) To create a net flow of charge, the particles must also move together with an average drift rate. Electrons are the charge carriers in most metals and they follow an erratic path, bouncing from atom to atom, but generally drifting in the opposite direction of the electric field. The speed they drift at can be calculated from the equation:''

I=nAvQ where I is the electric current n is number of charged particles per unit volume (or charge carrier density) A is the cross-sectional area of the conductor v is the drift velocity, andItalic text Q is the charge on each particle.

,I = dQ/dt, I = current in amperes, A dQ = charge in coulombs, C dt = time in seconds, s

''where as potential difference is defined as the work done per unit coulomb charge flow through the circuit. given as V = W/Q,'' V = potential difference in volts, V W = work done or energy transferred in joules, J Q = charge in coulombs, C EXAMPLE : '''Q-If a current of 0.50 amps flows through a circuit for 120 seconds. How much charge will have passed into a component in the circuit?''' = It is given as dQ = I.dt = .50 x 120 = 60 c is the amount of charge passed into a component. Q-A charge of 4.0 coulombs was moved through a potential difference of 24 volts, how much energy was transferred? = It is as followsItalic text :: W = V.Q = 24 X 4.0 ''= 96 J, of energy transferred. '' *What is inductance? = It is a phenomenon due to which when current 'I' flows through an inductor 'L' produce magnetic field'B' due to change in magnetic field and while Linking with the coil and area 'A' then magnetic flux 'ɸ' produce if that magnetic flux changes within the coil induce emf(electro-motive force) in the same coil this process is called and inductance and self inductance, Inductance process occurs in transformers, coils & Inductor which also made up of coils. ɸ = B.A ''Where as "ɸ" is the magnetic flux which is induced when magnetic field "B" link with the cross-sectional area "A" across the induct-or "L". I ∝ B, if current in the coil changes then magnetic field will also changes.'' ɸb = L.I or L = ɸ/I, SI unit of self inductance or mutual inductance is given as 'HENRY' 'h'. At 1 ampere if the voltage is 1 volt then the inductance is 1 h/s. inductance in mathematical expression will be given as —'L= µO .N²/l. A' where as L in inductance, µO is permeability constant, N is no of turns, l is length of wire used in coil, A is the area of the coil occupied.

*What is mutual inductance? ''=The two coils are placed in such a way that change in one coil will induce the emf in another coil, this phenomenon is known as mutual inductance. M is mutual constant or co-efficient of mutual inductance.'' where as magnetic flux in Primary coil is given as ɸ1 and current I1 & In secondary coil ɸ2 and I2, according to the mathematical expression MI is stated as : ɸ2 ∝ I1, That means if current i changes in coil 1 then magnetic flux will be effected in coil 2. given as M= µO.n1.n2.A1.l where as n1 is the no of turns of coil 1, n2 is the no of turns of coil 2, A1 is area of coil 1, & l is length.

*Application are as follows 1. Transformer 2. Relays.

*What are capacitors? ''=The capacitor is a component which has the ability or “capacity” to store energy in the form of an electrical charge producing a potential difference (Static Voltage) across its plates, much like a small rechargeable battery. ... The insulating layer between a capacitors plates is commonly called the Dielectric.''

*capacitance: The amount of electrical energy a capacitor can store is called its capacitance. ''The capacitance of a capacitor is a bit like the size of a bucket: the bigger the bucket, the more water it can store; the bigger the capacitance, the more electricity a capacitor can store. There are three ways to increase the capacitance of a capacitor. One is to increase the size of the plates. Another is to move the plates closer together. The third way is to make the dielectric as good an insulator as possible. Capacitors use dielectrics made from all sorts of materials. In transistor radios, the tuning is carried out by a large variable capacitor that has nothing but air between its plates. In most electronic circuits, the capacitors are sealed components with dielectrics made of ceramics such as mica and glass, paper soaked in oil, or plastics such as mylar.'' size of capacitors measured in units called farads given as 'F'.

*Why do capacitors store energy? ''=What you do when you climb steps, ladders, mountains, or anything else is work against Earth's gravitational field. A very similar thing is going on in a capacitor. If you have a positive electrical charge and a negative electrical charge, they attract one another like the opposite poles of two magnets—or like your body and Earth. If you pull them apart, you have to "do work" against this electrostatic force. Again, just like with climbing steps, the energy you use isn't lost, but stored by the charges as they separate. This time it's called electrical potential energy. And this, if you've not guessed by now, is the energy that a capacitor stores. Its two plates hold opposite charges and the separation between them creates an electric field. That's why a capacitor stores energy.'' According to mathematical expression : C=Q.V, ''It tells us that we've increased the capacitance of our charge storing device by adding a second plate, and this is essentially why capacitors have two plates and not one. In practice, the extra plate makes a huge difference—which is why all practical capacitors have two plates.''

*How can we increase the capacitance? =If the plates of the capacitors are bigger then the capacitors can store more charge hence overall capacitance will also increase.

*key points to remember: 1 capacitors are used to store energy.

2 charge on the capacitors is directly proportional to applied voltage (Q ∝ v) but capacitance c is independent of Q and V.

3 capacitance must be high so that we can store more charge for particular P.D.

4 There is a limit of maximum V applied across capacitors: a-If V is high then Q will be high, if Q is high then electric field'E'become high if'E'is high then there will be chance of leakage of current from plate 1 or 2. The maximum voltage applied upon capacitors will depends upon; a-The medium around the plates. b-the shape and size of plates. c-there must not be any sharp edges on the plate.

Arya244 (talk) 07:45, 26 July 2018 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of User:Arya244


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