User talk:As13sx/HearingLossGroup

This is where you discuss your critique of the wikipage you'll be editing. --LynnMcCleary (talk) 19:50, 10 September 2014 (UTC)

Initial ideas and critiques
The Myths section seems to something that stands out in the article. I believe it contains more opinionated and assumed “facts” rather than things that are proven by credible secondary sources. For example, “all deaf people want to be hearing.” After checking out the source and researching a bit, there’s not really any real, credible research done that makes this veritable enough to include in this article. Personally, I find this whole section silly and I’d rather remove it all in general. As well, the format of this section shouldn’t be in list format. According to the good article criteria, lists should only be used when things need to be alphabetized, indexed or put in chronological order etc (click here for a better guide when lists should be used https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Stand-alone_lists#General_formatting). Another issue I found was that the authors didn’t stick to one type of referencing. We should fix and make sure we reference one certain style to keep the article consistent. If you look through the article, you can see that some facts are cited in a APA/MLA(?) while other’s cite by linking it to the references at the bottom (not sure what that’s called). For example, “learning detriment, etc. (EPA, 1974)” is a APA/MLA way of citing.

In order to expand on communication with the deaf, I would like to personally add a section that talks about how the hearing can communicate with the total deaf and how the deaf can communicate back. According to some of my research, there are three main ways of communication: the Oral method (oralism), the manual method (manualism), and total communication. These methods are used commonly in the United States, but I will try to find out if this is common in Canada and other places. I want to add a part where I can talk about how sign language can differ depending on cultural background, place etc. or maybe a part where I talk about how signs are used the same way every where around the world. I also want to include more information about legal recognition of sign language.

Here are a few smaller things I found wrong with this article: -	the beginning of the article lists different versions of the word “hearing loss,” and at the end it includes something people find offensive and then further states “a term considered derogatory by many in the deaf community.” Although that statement may be true, it’s stated in way too random of a spot. -	Deaf is capitalized a few times throughout the article -	“This may be because most children with hearing loss are born to hearing parents. This can also be because of the recent push for inclusion in the public schools.” This part shows uncertainty in the article, which is something a good article shouldn’t have. Let’s make sure to avoid any statements that makes us sound like we’re assuming supposed facts! Diana Tat (talk) 04:17, 23 September 2014 (UTC) 04:23, 15 September 2014 (UTC)

After reviewing this article, I have found several issues that we should consider while editing the "Society and Culture" section of our page. First off, one of the major issues in this article is that it does not meet the stable article criteria, particularly in the area of neutrality. The "Schools" section only provides information about government policies and schooling for people who are deaf from a U.S perspective, not internationally. This is a major problem because it limits the information to a single point of view, implying that this is the correct and only point of view on schooling for the deaf. To improve this we should research the policies and views on this topic from a more international perspective, in order to avoid bias and make the article more neutral. There are also some formatting issues within the article, particularly in the "Myths" section. This section is written in list format, which is not professional and does not mimic a true encyclopedia. When editing this section we should re-write the information using complete sentences and proper punctuation. Another major issue that I found with this article is that is does not always cite information after it states an idea. This means that the author is either using their own idea or the idea could be considered plagiarism, which would both decrease the notability of the article. For example, the author states: "Many parents who have a child with a hearing impairment prefer their child to be in the least restrictive environment of their school. This may be because most children with hearing loss are born to hearing parents." There is no citation or reference to research after this statement, event though the information seems to be derived from statistics. When editing, we should be sure that statements like this are properly cited or even correct in the first place. Along with these major issues, there are also some minor things that could be changed to improve this article. I think that this section could benefit from a few more pictures and diagrams that would help readers better understand the topic. The pictures currently being used are not very relevant or helpful in understanding or enforcing the information presented. I also think the general flow of writing could be improved, as I have found some sentences to be choppy. Some of the information does not flow together and could potentially confuse someone reading the article. I also think that overall, we could make the article a bit more detailed and explain ideas more thoroughly, as some are discussed very generally. Ar14bj (talk) 03:29, 17 September 2014 (UTC)


 * Great critique guys! By the way, do you mind signing off with your name at the end? I don’t know who wrote what from your username alone. I’d really appreciate it. Adriana
 * See the instructions for doing this that I posted on Sakai about changing your signature. --LynnMcCleary (talk) 03:11, 23 September 2014 (UTC)
 * Thank you Professor Lynn! Adriana

After having carefully reviewed the Society and culture portion of the article, I think that it certainly does not adhere to the “Wikipedia Good Article Criteria” one hundred percent. The first component of a good article is that it be well-written. Many sentences lack clarity and are “choppy” just like you said, Ar14bj, especially those that constitute the Sign language portion of the article. I think the editor had the main point there, it is just that they chose to cover it up with too many complex words. I admire their understanding of such vocabulary, but I think that they went a little overboard in this particular section, prompting confusion among readers instead of understanding. The simpler the sentence structure, the easier it is to understand. Additionally, I think the usage of some words were inappropriate, or in other words, did not sound right. For example, the use of the word suffering when referring to the struggles of individuals with hearing impairment in the paragraph under Deaf culture. I’m sure you’d all agree that another word would sound better. To continue, I also do not like the use of the word get in the third paragraph under Views of treatments. It doesn't sound very professional when using it in writing.

Moving on, the second piece of criteria that makes up a good article is verifiability. Both of you girls, Dt13nz and Ar14bj, mentioned how the references aspect of the article is poor and I totally agree. I think most of the paragraphs lack in-line citations. We definitely have to provide more evidence to support this article and give appreciation to those from whom we acquired our information. I think we should also attach links to various people, like Jack Grannon, as well as terms that would require more clarification. Also, I saw how both of you also noticed the many problems with the Myths section. Another editor stated how the article resembles more of a personal reflection/opinion essay rather than the opinions of experts. I agree with you, Dt13nz, I don’t think we should even include the Myths section. I don’t find it relative to the Society and culture section. It’s more factual and should be placed in a different section altogether. What do you other girls think?

Furthermore, the article is generally broad, but I think we can improve by expanding on our topics. Maybe we could add another section under School (I’m thinking of changing this term to Education as well, I think it sounds more appropriate) and a section about hearing disabilities and the work environment, as well as communication obstacles in everyday life for the hearing impaired. It would be great if we could expand and touch upon all of those topics. Moreover, the article is not completely neutral. The editor discusses the opinion of parents of deaf children, educated university professors and doctors, but not really anything from the point of view of people who actually have a hearing impairment. I think it is important that we perform research about these people so we can allow readers to have a better understanding of hearing impairment from the perspective of those who actually have it themselves. Furthermore, I've noticed the article does indeed have many editors who've made edits on it, however they are minor and the entirety of the article, particularly the Society and culture section, does not regularly undergo any significant changes. It’s pretty stable. Lastly, this section only contains two illustrations which I think should be replaced with more clear, modern and inviting images. I think we can add a few more to other sections as well so that the readers can have a visual aid to better help them understand the content. Of course, we must ensure that they are tagged with their copyright status and validity as well as contain suitable captions. I can’t wait to begin the actual editing process, as I have so many more ideas to share with all of you and I cannot wait to hear all of yours as well! Adriana (talk) 21:43, 17 September 2014 (UTC)

Kp13mn (talk) 16:41, 24 September 2014 (UTC)Kayleen Hey guys, I am honestly not sure where i posted my suggestions before. But, i was able to go into my history and find them, thankfully. I copied them and now will paste them below. I opened the link sent to me through email and seen other group members comments but since its not actual names that we use, i am thinking that someone accidentally attached me in their group email, and i posted on their page lol. Anyways, here is was i suggest... I agree with all of the previous suggestions as they will most defiantly make the article an all around better read. The first thing i notice when looking at just the page is that it looks very dull, and blank. I feel that we should take the time to add a few pictures, and properly layout the writing. I think that when someone goes to read an article it is much more welcoming with an overall proper layout. I also recommend going into more depth when describing not only what hearing impairment is and general treatment, but how it is dealt with on a daily basis. Or, maybe even point out programs, and activities that people can attend to help guide them through everything, as it may be family members or friends that are looking at this article for information. Lastly, i find that the reading is not a hard read, however it is very hard to follow. I find i lose interest very fast, and find myself having to go back until i fully understand what it is being said. Overall, i think we have covered all the aspects of the article that need correcting, and i look forward to making it a featured article with the help of the group. kp13mn — Preceding undated comment added 17:27, 17 September 2014 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Kp13mn (talk • contribs)

Some initial comments from Lynn
Great start and thorough examination of the article. I'm glad that you're ready to move on to setting priorities and goals, and making a plan for your editing. I have a couple of suggestions and feedback on your work so far. You noted a problem with unreferenced material. If you enter some of those sentences in a Google search, you might find the sources for this material (though it's possible that other sources have plagiarized Wikipedia). I encourage you to think hard about suggesting wholesale deletion of a section. You would need a strong rationale or your changes would just be reverted. You would need a rationale for rejecting the suggestion to rewrite the section. You've suggested adding images. There is a tutorial on adding images in the student resources section (link in the course Wikipedia page). --LynnMcCleary (talk) 03:11, 23 September 2014 (UTC) You'll notice I added some headings - headings and sub headings might help you organize your discussion on the talk page. LynnMcCleary (talk) 03:11, 23 September 2014 (UTC)
 * Thank you for your input, Professor Lynn. It is much appreciated. Adriana

Making Plans
Great critiques everyone! As for planning out our editing actions, I agree that we should definitely take out the "Myths" section of the article. I also agree with Adrianna that we should include a section on the communication challenges that people who are hearing impaired encounter in the work environment and every day life, as well as how they overcome these obstacles. I think that we should go through the entire article word for word and try to clean it up, which means fixing the choppiness and sentence structure, as well as adding extra information that will make it easer for a reader to understand. This would be a good start for now, then we can work on things like citations, pictures, and anything else once we have the main structure of the article figured out. Does this sound good to everyone? Ar14bj (talk) 19:14, 22 September 2014 (UTC)
 * As Professor Lynn had previously mentioned, totally taking out the Myths section right away would not be appropriate. We have to think more critically about why it doesn't belong and what would be an appropriate substitution. Maybe we can consider that closer to the end of our editing process, as I think we should focus on editing the other sections first. Is there a specific section you would like to edit, Avery? I don't mind researching information for the new sections we'd add (Communications Obstacles in Everyday Life and Communication Challenges in the Work Environment). I'll go to the library either Thursday or Friday and definitely perform some online research about these topics. I'll let you guys know what I come up with sometime on the weekend for sure. Adriana
 * Okay let's just agree on that we won't get rid of the myth section, but will work on improving it by making it more factual and less opinionated! As well, we have to make it not a list kind of style! Diana Tat (talk) 04:47, 23 September 2014 (UTC)
 * That may work, we just have to make sure it flows. Adriana
 * Professor Lynn has a good point, I did not consider this when I had initially thought of taking the "Myths" section out. I think the myths that are presented in this section are good because they are relevant to our communication focus in this article, so we not not need to make many changes to the actual content of this section. However, like you guys mentioned we should definitely change the list formatting to prose and add some citations. If someone does not have a section yet they could do this section. Or we could do it all together and meet in the library one day. Another option is for each of us to be in charge of a few myths. The last idea is probably the easiest, however I think that since we all write differently and will most likely use varying ways of presenting the ideas, the section may be a bit jumbled. Let me know how you guys think we could work on this. Avery  (talk) 23:51, 23 September 2014 (UTC)

Kp13mn (talk) 00:16, 23 September 2014 (UTC)Hi guys, i just read over everyones comments again, and i think we have managed to cover everything that needs editing. In order for me to actually start editing, and getting references, etc. i just wanted to make sure you guys all are fine if we pick our particular area to edit, and then eventually edit each others, as discussed together in class? I am very interested in adding a part about activities that help provide knowledge and guidance for individuals and their families into the article. For example,Tinnitus Retraining Therapy (TRT), and speech and language training, and a little about support groups. I just wanted to get everyones approval before i start my little section, to make sure everyone thinks that this particular section would be helpful on the topic. If you guys have any concerns about me picking this please let me know right away, as i would be happy to hear what you all have to think. I have attached a website that i think has supportive information about my desired topic: http://www.chs.ca      — Preceding undated comment added 23:20, 22 September 2014 (UTC)
 * Kayleen, where were you thinking of adding the activities portion? Might I suggest as part of the Views of treatments? Maybe you can focus on editing that entire section as well? Adriana
 * Could you please put your signature at the end of your posting. It would make it easier for me to follow and would make it easier for me to grade. Thank you. --LynnMcCleary (talk) 03:11, 23 September 2014 (UTC)

So just to get things rolling here, who exactly would like to edit what? Again, as I mentioned before I will do additional research for new sections that we can possibly add. I can also focus on editing one of the other sections as well. So we have Deaf culture, Views of treatment (which may be edited by Kayleen because I think it's the best place to add the activities/programs section that would help inform families who deal with hearing loss), Sign language and School. Does anyone have a particular interest in editing a certain section? It does not matter to me which section I edit. Furthermore, as I mentioned before, I think it is best to deal with the Myths section later on. Just like you said, Avery, let's get the major components of the article figured out and ready to edit! Adriana

Okay, so I agree that we should definitely focus on fixing references, sentence structure and photos last and worry about adding/editing sections that involve communication and hearing loss first. Correct me if I'm wrong, but we are suppose to prioritize adding things that deal with communication right? I asked Lynn about it during class and from what I remember that's what she said! I think that kind of stuff is what we're mainly getting marked on because the class is about communication.. so do we have anymore suggestions of what we can add/revise when it comes to that? Everyone's suggestions are great though! I just want to make sure we can all get full marks! I also need your guys' opinion! I said earlier I wanted to talk about the three main ways of communicating (the Oral method (oralism), the manual method (manualism), and total communication) with the deaf or people with hearing loss, is that okay for me to write about? If so, where should I add that.. what subtitle would it be underneath? Also, I'd be glad to try to do research on any topic you guys throw at me! So if you have anything you want to challenge me with, let me know! Diana Tat (talk) 05:16, 24 September 2014 (UTC)
 * I think we should work on the in-line citations/references simultaneously with the editing process-it provides more organization and it ensures we won't forget to source something. Not everything we edit has to be centered solely around "communication", as I believe our ability to talk about our editing process through the talk page itself is based on the communication aspect. Of course, the basis for our topics deals with communication, but not everything we talk about will be relative to communication alone, for example portions of the Views of treatment section. To continue, I think it would be a great idea for you to do some research about the 3 main ways of communicating! We can maybe add it to the Deaf culture section or as part of the Sign language section? We can even decide this after you've put together a solid paragraph about the topic. Adriana
 * I meant let's work on fixing citations from the original article last, like let's not focus on it too much initially. Of course we should worry about citing the work we personally add in and edit ourselves, but okay thanks Adriana! — Preceding unsigned comment added by Dt13nz (talk • contribs) 12:05, 23 September 2014 (UTC)
 * After further research, I've found out that the deaf also sign in "Exact English." This is a completely other way of signing compared to the three other's I mentioned, which is American Sign Language (that most people use). So I guess I'll just be working on the sign language section then! Also, I'm thinking we should create a sub heading in this talk page where we can each write what we're planning on adding and changing. So like a sub heading like "Responsibilities" or something so we don't accidentally do double research for one topic. Diana Tat (talk) 13:27, 23 September 2014 (UTC)
 * Hey everyone, I just read all of these comments and it sounds like you have some really great ideas so far! I love the idea about adding the three ways of communicating with people that have hearing loss, and I think that this would be an excellent addition to the article. I could do the section on schools and education if no one has chosen to do that already. My main goal would be to include research on schooling from a more international perspective. I would include in this section how government policies affect the accessibility of schooling for people who are deaf, as well as teaching and learning methods used at the elementary, high school, and even college/ university level. I could even do some research on how being hearing impaired could affect someones learning in different subjects, such as math, languages, and sciences if you think that is relevant to our article content. For example, it may be more difficult for a teacher to teach someone who is hearing impaired a new language such as French than it would be to teach math, because French would require a lot more verbal communication. Let me know what you guys think of this idea! Avery (talk) 22:48, 23 September 2014 (UTC)
 * That sounds good Avery! I think that all the additional research you've mentioned would make for a fantastic addition. Adriana
 * That sounds like a good idea! Making it from a more international perspective would definitely help us make the article become more neutral. Best of luck! Diana Tat (talk) 05:16, 24 September 2014 (UTC)

Responsibilities
Just added this in to help us become more organized and aware of who's working on what! If you guys don't think this is helpful or unneeded, feel free to let me know and I will remove it! Diana Tat (talk) 13:17, 23 September 2014 (UTC)
 * Good idea Diana! I'm really loving the organization!! Adriana

Sign Language (SEE and ASL) - Diana Tat — Preceding unsigned comment added by Dt13nz (talk • contribs) 13:30, 23 September 2014 (UTC)
 * Great! Adriana

Okay, so as for the rest of the sections, Avery, you will be focusing on the School section and I can work on the Deaf culture portion. For the Views of treatments, that will be undertaken by Kayleen (again, let us know if this is an issue). As for the Myths section, I think it is best if we all work on this one together. Okay, so we are pretty much set! I will post under the Responsibilities section as I proceed with my research and fill all of you in on the sources I find. If I come across additional info that I feel may contribute to your section, I will definitely post the links here. I think it would be a good idea to even add sub sections underneath the Responsibilities sub heading to better help us view each other's progress on their section more clearly. Note: I also added two extra section headings for those I plan to add. Feel free to add any other section headings you're interested in or feel would be a great asset to this article. If there are any concerns with this, please let me know. Adriana

Communication challenges in the work environment
Hi guys, I agree with your suggestion Adriana that i should focus on the "Views of treatments" section. I think that the area needs a lot of editing. In the article i notice how it says "parents may not have sufficient information on raising deaf children and placed in an oral-only program that emphasizes the ability to speak and listen over other forms of communication such as sign language or total communication", however it does not go into further detail. I believe that i should take it upon myself to list and describe treatments, and activities that can be useful to the viewers, opposed to just stating the previous sentence. I will also look for websites that would be helpful for all subtopics, as the more sources we have the better the article will become. Let me know if there are any other concerns, or suggestions for my subtopic, or if you need any help with yours. Thanks guys, looking forward to start editing. Kp13mn (talk) 16:39, 24 September 2014 (UTC)Kayleen
 * Okay great, I'm glad you agree! Good luck with your research! Adriana As13sx (talk) 18:17, 24 September 2014 (UTC)

Important
Hi everyone, I talked to Professor Lynn today and I have some very important information about editing our page before anyone gets too far into their research!! First off, certain sections of the "Society and Culture" part of our article does not have very much to do with communication, such as the "Views on Treatments" section and the "School" section. Since this is a communication course, she wants us to really put our focus on learning about communication with people who have hearing loss, and suggests that we find other sections in the article that have more to do with this topic. This means that in order to do this, we do not have to restrict our editing to the "Society and Culture" section, and can find other sections in the article that are more relevant to communication. I know a lot of you have already done some research and I'm sorry to overwhelm you all, but I just thought it was really important for you to know this before we got too far into our editing. Due to this new information I think we should reconsider a few things in our editing process. Professor Lynn also mentioned to me that she doesn't recommend we divide up sections that we are going to edit, and that we take on a more collaborative approach to our editing. I know this will be hard since there is limited time we are able to get together as a group, however I was thinking that one way we could do this would be to each do a rough draft editing of a section, and then let each member of the group add to it or make whatever changes they think necessary. Let me know what you guys think of that idea! She also said that since every article is very different, we do not need to focus on the amount of editing we do, but more the quality of the editing and making it relate to communication. We have a lot of freedom in how we approach the editing process and what we want to edit! I know this is a lot of information, but I needed to let you guys all know before we got too far into things. Sorry for the big heading too, I just wanted to catch everyone attention and will delete it once I know everyone has seen it. If you guys want some clarification we can meet before PEKIN class tomorrow and I can explain more, just let me know. Avery (talk) 22:39, 24 September 2014 (UTC)
 * Oh wow, thank you very much for letting us know Avery! In the e-mail Professor Lynn had sent us, she mentioned only the Society and culture section, but now that we have access to the entire article, it will definitely be easier to find sections relative to communication with people who have hearing loss. Yes, we should definitely set a date to work on this together...how does Friday afternoon/evening in the library sound? We can discuss our ideas in person and then by next week, we can choose another day to meet to review and edit each other's rough drafts (I like that idea Avery) and discuss each other's sources. And I got it now, the goal is to primarily focus on communication in the article. And yes, collaborating together rather than editing separately will allow us to formulate the best article we can! There's a lot of freedom to edit indeed! Thanks again, Avery! Adriana As13sx (talk) 23:21, 24 September 2014 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the information Avery! I do remember saying that we should have focused more on improving the communication aspect of this article in an earlier post, but now that another source has confirmed it that's good to hear! Is working separately going to make us lose marks or was just a simple suggestion by LynnMcCleary ? Personally, I find it easier to work on different sections separately. I think it's too messy for us to all attack one topic at once. I think we should have our own topics to focus on and then afterwards everyone should do further research on other people's topics in order to improve it. And we would also critique and edit each other's work. I understand if you don't approve of this idea, that is just the way I work best. But of course, I am open minded so I won't argue if we have to do it a certain way! Let's have a brief meeting Friday, talk some things out and then follow up Monday or something? I do live on res so if the library isn't your guys' thing, my place is open! Diana Tat (talk) 00:18, 25 September 2014 (UTC)
 * I agree with you Diana, it is much easier to work on separate sections of the article because it will be hard to find times that all of us can get together. I suggested all doing a rough draft of a section then everyone in the group can edit and add to it, which seems to be pretty much what you were suggesting as well. This way we are still working as a group but are still able to work independently as well. Unfortunately I am taking a bus home for the weekend at 12pm tomorrow right after biology so I will not be able to meet with you guys then. If you want to still meet and let me know what you decide I am flexible as what section of the article I can edit. I am also available today after PEKIN if you guys want to meet then. Avery (talk) 14:53, 25 September 2014 (UTC)
 * My apologies, Diana. You were 100% right about the whole incorporating communication aspect. I'm sorry if I mislead you beforehand. At least we are all on track now! So since it's difficult to get everyone together (like you guys have been saying), I think it's best that we review the entire article on our own and then constantly post our ideas on the talk page so we can all have the chance to state our opinion on each other's section. Or if you want to make your rough draft first and then post your thoughts later, that's fine, too. As long as we all collaborate in one way or another. We'll probably use the talk page to converse more rather than face-to-face. Adriana As13sx (talk) — Preceding undated comment added 19:17, 25 September 2014 (UTC)
 * I agree with you Adriana, that sounds like a good idea! I think that we should definitely do some peer editing and adding to each other's ideas too once we get a bit further along. Also, Adriana I still really like your idea about adding a section on communication obstacles in everyday life and in the work environment. If you are still planning on doing that, you may want to consider making a separate "Communication Obstacles" section in the article instead of trying to integrate it into one of the other sections, it may be easier! Just a suggestion though, if you have other ideas don't worry about it. Good luck to everyone on your research!Avery (talk) 22:08, 25 September 2014 (UTC)
 * Thanks for your suggestion Avery! I'll definitely take that into consideration. Adriana As13sx (talk) 20:11, 26 September 2014 (UTC)
 * Just to clarify - you can put what you find about communication wherever it best fits - in an existing section of the article or maybe in a new section within society and culture. I'm hoping that you'll learn about how communication is affected by hearing impairment and what facilitates it. Thinking about the communication model you read about the first week will help you - you can use that information to think about how communication is adapted by each person in the communication dyad. LynnMcCleary (talk) 00:48, 27 September 2014 (UTC)
 * Another clarification regarding collaborating. You're right, collaboration can be difficult. You will have the best quality if you collaborate. The assignment is designed to have you work as a group and collaborate - to fit with the collaboration model of Wikipedia. Collaboration is what leads to good articles in Wikipedia. You may approach this however best works for your group. I would advise that you not divide everything up - that you let yourselves have some overlap - overlap will help you - it will help you learn from each other, decide what's credible, and figure out how this fits with the article.  I'm concerned about you having to do too much research for this assignment. Your ideas to address so many sections of the article are definitely justified by your assessment and would enhance the article and I'm happy that you've been able to do such a thorough assessment. I just want you to know that making as many changes as you originally planned isn't required for the assignment. You can have a much smaller scope, help each other, learn about collaboration, and achieve everything that's needed for this assignment. Please feel free to come to my office hours to discuss or so that I can clarify. LynnMcCleary (talk) 00:48, 27 September 2014 (UTC)
 * Thank you for all of your tips and suggestions! We'll definitely try to collaborate as much as possible!Adriana As13sx (talk) 17:07, 27 September 2014 (UTC)

Just a heads up for all of you, I'll be going to the library tomorrow to do some research for books and journals to see if I can find a good bunch of sources. Also, tonight I will carefully review the other components of the Hearing loss article to see how we can incorporate the communication aspect within. I will be posting plenty tomorrow in the talk page and shortly following I hope to hear some feedback from all of you! Thanks. Adriana As13sx (talk) 20:09, 26 September 2014 (UTC)

Additional Review of the Entire Hearing Loss Article
After having reviewed the entire Hearing loss article, I’ve realized that the majority deals with the medical approach to hearing loss-its many definitions, how it’s caused and so forth. Near the end of the Diagnosis section however, I found a portion relative to communication. I read about the speech-in-noise test. Wiki mentions how it’s a method used to help those with hearing impairment, providing insight as to how well one can hear and understand speech in the midst of much background noise. I wanted to learn more about this so I searched on Google and came across the following website: AudiologyOnline, which said how the speech-in-noise test results will help determine the most appropriate approaches to amplification strategies to better help the individual with hearing loss (for example stronger noise reduction programming). On the Wiki article it states how one can access this test through your phone, the web or even an app on your iPhone! I find it incredible to think how such advancements in technology have enabled those with hearing loss to better understand their condition, further contributing to improving their ability to listen and communicate in everyday life. Also, under the Management sub-heading, there is a sub-section titled Assistive devices, in which much of the devices listed are also a result of technological advancement, like the TDD (Telecommunications Device for the Deaf), which transmit typed text over regular phone lines and of course, text messaging, which is extremely useful for rapidly communicating messages to another person. The one thing that really stood out to me was the Infrared system (under the Wireless devices sub-section), which is described as a piece of equipment that provides privacy and confidentiality. I think that this would provide individuals with the opportunity to self-disclose to another person, just like one without hearing loss would. This promotes growth in their relationships and allows them to vent out their stresses and discuss personal matters with others as well. This further provides them with the opportunity to obtain feedback from others and to self-reflect about their stance as a communicator. In addition to self-disclosure, the infrared system provides those with hearing impairment confidentiality in other important sectors, like in a court room, which is absolutely necessary for the discussion of such legal matters National Association of the Deaf. Therefore, we can see how such technologies act like important channels that are necessary for communication with the deaf. If possible, I think it would be a good idea to even further expand on how effective these technological devices are for those with hearing loss in terms of communication. Adriana As13sx (talk) 23:08, 27 September 2014 (UTC)

Under the Classroom sub-section under Management, many communication obstacles are addressed, including the individual’s proximity to the teacher as well as the teacher’s own methods of teaching. This section touches upon a few ways to deal with such obstacles, including having the student sit closer to the teacher and having the teacher give as much eye contact as possible to the student. I think that this is the perfect area to add some information regarding communication within the school environment. Might I suggest performing more research on the differences between CART (Communication Access Real Times) systems and automated captioning systems? I think this portion could use some more clarity. We can even place an emphasis on how those who are completely deaf make use of sign language in school and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this form of communication. If one does have to use sign language, does this inability to speak verbally have an effect on the individual’s self-esteem and assertiveness as a communicator? We can even perform some research to see how one’s hearing condition effects their academic status and whether this is linked to their self-esteem as well. Furthermore, I’m also thinking that it’s a good idea to add the Communication and the work environment component to the Management section instead of creating an entire new section under Society and culture. Adriana As13sx (talk) 23:08, 27 September 2014 (UTC)

I also think that it would be very interesting to consider the types of noise that affect the ways those with hearing loss communicate. Great questions for us to consider would be like: How does an individual with hearing loss regard external noise when compared to those without it? Does it have a greater effect on the way they communicate? What do they consider external noise? The same questions can be said about physiological and psychological noise. Communication between a person with hearing loss and one without definitely does not follow the Communication Model we’ve learned on the first day of class to the tee. In my opinion, the sending and receiving of messages would not be simultaneous…then again the degree of such simultaneous action would differ between those who have greater hearing loss in comparison to those with minimal loss. I think it would take more time for those with a substantial amount of hearing loss to receive and interpret a message and then respond, however this may not be the case with those who have minimal hearing loss. (Evidence would be needed to support these inferences). I feel that multiple interpretations are highly possible in these circumstances. It would be difficult to gain an understanding of what is meant by a deaf person’s non-verbal actions because I feel that people would always have this uncertainty as to whether or not they understood exactly what you said. This leads into how their own personal environment affects communication between themselves and the other(s). So what do you guys think about the communication model in terms of those with hearing impairments? How do you think they interpret noise? Are you in agreement with what I’ve said? If not, I’d love to hear your opinions! I think it would be great to incorporate this into the article somehow. Of course, we’d have to find some evidence that would support our thoughts once we’ve reached a consensus on the topic. Adriana As13sx (talk) 23:08, 27 September 2014 (UTC)


 * Wow! You've done some really good research Adriana that I think will make an awesome contribution to the article. I like how you used the communication model to guide your research, and it seems like you have some great ideas to try and integrate these concepts into the article. I really your ideas in the last paragraph about how people who have hearing loss use the communication model differently, and I agree with all the inferences you have made. However, to support these inferences we would need to do a considerable amount of research that might be more difficult to find. I think that focusing on these ideas alone would be enough to base our entire project around, if we are very thorough in our research. As Professor Lynn mentioned, we are doing more than is required for this assignment, which isn't necessarily a bad thing, however I personally think that it would be best to focus in and collaborate on one important aspect of the article rather than a bunch of different parts. This would allow for us to collaborate more as a group, and have an overlap in our research just as Professor Lynn suggested. Within this section we are still able to individually focus on certain research, such as the different environments of people with hearing loss, noise, verbal and non-verbal communication, and more. We could consider adding this information to an already existing section, or we could create an entirely new section dedicated to "Communication Differences" or "Communication Barriers". I know that things are going to get very busy with mid-terms coming up and our NUSC 1P12 paper due soon, and I think that approaching our editing this way will be less stressful but still allow us to get a good mark. This is my personal opinion however I am open to other ideas. Please let me know what you all think. Avery (talk) 15:37, 28 September 2014 (UTC)
 * Thanks Avery! I agree, keeping our focus on the communication model would set a good base for our article and even in just getting us to think about how communication differs between those with and without a hearing impairment for our own understanding. The next step in our assignment is to make summaries about our sources. I think once we've gotten a chunk of information from them, then we can start considering what info fits best where and whether a new section is necessary and so forth. Adriana As13sx (talk) 00:31, 29 September 2014 (UTC)
 * Sounds like a good plan Adriana! I will be looking at sources today, hopefully I find some good ones. I agree that we should look for some sources first, then decide how we are able to integrate the information into the article effectively.  — Preceding unsigned comment added by Ar14bj (talk • contribs) 18:23, 29 September 2014 (UTC)
 * Awesome! Adriana As13sx (talk) 22:41, 1 October 2014 (UTC)

Credible Secondary Sources
Hey all! So I spent quite a bit of time at the library today and I managed to muster up 5 sources. I know only 3 are required, however I feel like all of these books contain a good amount of information relative to our article and also, it gives us plenty of info to work with. A little extra research doesn't hurt! Anyways, the books I've found contain information that pertains to many aspects of the article, including education, sign language, multicultural issues, deaf culture, assistive listening devices and so forth...all contributing to communication on the whole. I understand that some of you would like to write up one section on your own and then edit afterwards and that's fine, however I've now decided to approach this assignment by targeting as many areas of the article as possible. If you girls would like to find some info on more than one sector as well, by the end, we can combine all of our ideas together to formulate a well-structured and well-informed article. Just like Professor Lynn had mentioned, collaboration would be the best route to take. Again, if you want to just solely focus on one section, that's okay, too. I can collaborate my ideas with yours afterwards. Posted below are my 5 sources with a brief description of each:

1. Padden, C. & Humphries, T. (2005). Inside Deaf Culture. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.


 * As mentioned in the title, this book has everything that we need to know about Deaf Culture. It goes over how deaf people choose to define themselves, their emotional stance: both confident and anxious, their approach to oralist teachings rather than sign language and an overall look at communication within their community.

2. Scherer, M. J. (2004). Connecting To Learn Educational and Assistive Technology for People With Disabilities. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.


 * This book places a huge emphasis on the effects of hearing loss on students and their learning environment, as well as what hearing loss personally means to someone (effects on their self-esteem; how they view themselves and what this condition means to them). This second component will help us to understand what it would feel like to communicate with a hearing impairment.

3. Tye-Murray, N. (2009). Foundations of Aural Rehabilitation Children, Adults and Their Family Members. Clifton Park, NY: Delmar Cengage Learning.


 * This book contains a broad amount of information revolving around general hearing loss, discussion about multicultural issues, assistive listening devices, lip-reading, a whole chapter dedicated to communication strategies, as well as another chapter that discusses communication in the classroom.

4. Welling, D. R., & Ukstins, C. A. (2015). Fundamentals of Audiology For The Speech-Language Pathologist. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.


 * This book provides an insight to hearing assistance technologies (ex. Hearing aids), as well as the use of audiology systems in schools and communication options that young children with hearing loss can use to better help them at school, home and in the community.

5. Haynes, W. O., Moran, M. J., & Pindzola, R. H. (2012). Communication Disorders in Educational and Medical Settings An Introduction for Speech-Language Pathologists, Educators, and Health Professionals. Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.


 * This book has information that explains hearing loss and its connectedness to age (presbycusis: age-related hearing loss), a whole general section on hearing loss including a sub-section that deals with communication problems/obstacles in relation to hearing loss, multiple chapters discussing speech and sound disorders in the school environment, as well as the incorporation of multicultural issues associated with such communication disorders.  Adriana As13sx (talk) 02:15, 28 September 2014 (UTC)
 * Adriana, you have a lot of information here. Summarizing all of this is well beyond the scope of what's expected for this assignment. What aspects of these books do you want to summarize? --LynnMcCleary (talk) 22:12, 7 October 2014 (UTC)

Hello everyone! After doing some research, these are some of the good sources I found regarding communication with people who are hearing impaired. They are more specific to communication in the workplace, communication in a medical setting, and technology use for people who have hearing loss. think that they will go well with the sources that Adriana has found. Once everyone has their sources we can find a way to combine information from all of them and add them to different parts of the article just as Adriana mentioned, or we can chose to focus in on one aspect of the article. We will see where our research leads us!

1. Haynes, S. (2013). Effectiveness of Communication Strategies for Deaf or Hard of Hearing Workers in Group Settings. Work, 48(2), 193-202.

This is a very good article that focuses on the challenges that people who have hearing loss experience in the workplace. It focuses on challenges in group settings, such as a meeting or group project. Some of these challenges are external noise, inability to know which person is speaking, and obstructed views of the speaker. Along with identifying communication challenges in the work environment, this article explains ways in which both the individual with hearing loss, and their colleagues are able to overcome these challenges and achieve effective communication.
 * I like how this has information regarding external noise! It's going to make a great contribution! Adriana As13sx (talk) 22:51, 1 October 2014 (UTC)

2. Karras, E., & Cheong, P. (2008). An Examination of the Communicative Behaviors and Digital Divides Among the Deaf. Conference Papers -- International Communication Association, 1.

This source covers the use of the media and technology in people who are hard of hearing, and examines how it affects their interpersonal communication. It outlines the effect that using the media and technology may have on their social and everyday life, as well as their education. It also focuses on the gaps in internet access and usage between people who are deaf and people who are not, and the negative effects that this could have on people who are hearing impaired.

3. Schuler, G., Mistler, L., Torrey, K., & Depukat, R. (2013). Bridging Communication Gaps with the Deaf. Nursing, 43(11), 24-30.

This article focuses on the gap in communication between a medical practitioner and someone who is deaf or hard of hearing, and the implications that this gap could have for their medical care. It stresses the importance of bridging this communication gap, and provides information on how to do so from the perspective of the medical practitioner. It talks about different channels  for communication and the advantages and disadvantages of using each one during communication. As new nurses, I think that this article would be an excellent resource that would allow us to enhance our understanding of communicating with people who are deaf in our clinical placements. I also think that this information could be valuable to add to our article as well, as communication between a medical practitioner and someone who is hearing impaired can greatly affect their medical care and possible their overall health. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Ar14bj (talk • contribs) 23:10, 29 September 2014 (UTC)
 * Ar14bj, the first source is a research article - making it a primary source, not a secondary source. You and your group mates might find relevant information in the reference lists of your sources - or with help of a librarian. --LynnMcCleary (talk) 22:07, 7 October 2014 (UTC)

Now that I actually tried to go out and find sources myself, I do agree with Adriana and Lynn that it’s better to collaborate together, at least with finding sources. I tried to find a source for different topics we all wanted to cover. There’s honestly so much we could cover… is it possible for us to narrow it down to 3-4 topics we can put all our effort into editing, creating and finding sources for? Or did we have those topics already? If so sorry for asking, I honestly find it really hard to remember and process the information all on this talk page because I find it to be too cluttered (no one’s fault, just how wiki is set up)! Is there a way we can make this page less random?


 * Glad you agree. And as I've said before, I think after we've summarized our sources, we can then go and see which area our info will best fall under. We don't necessarily have to focus on specific topics, we have freedom to put our info anywhere in the article where it best fits. As long as our info is relevant to hearing loss and communication, we're good to go! And don't apologize for asking...I know, the page can get quite stuffed with all of our ideas, but that's a great thing. I feel like our discussion about our article is going really well. Haha, unfortunately, I'm not sure how to go about making this page "less random". I think we should definitely continue to use the sub-headings though, they keep everything a tad more organized...and to remember to sign off with our names of course! Adriana As13sx (talk) 23:28, 1 October 2014 (UTC)

1. Vaccari, C. and Marschark, M. (1997), Communication between Parents and Deaf Children: Implications for Social-emotional Development. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01597.x/abstract


 * This article talks about how essential it is for parents of deaf children to communicate with them and the implications if the communication isn’t met an early age. It mentions how deaf children’s communication development differs of a hearing child (ie. their responsiveness etc) and it also touches upon non-verbal and verbal strategies to effectively communicate with deaf children. There is a LOT of communication based issues/topics mentioned in this article. Definitely worth checking out in my opinion! I think we should have a section about hearing loss and children or have that as a topic we work on! It’s actually quite interesting and there’s a lot we could talk about… if someone could provide another source in relation to this topic, that would be great!

2. (no clue how to cite this) http://pss.sagepub.com/content/11/2/153.short


 * This article talks specifically about the success of cochlear implants. There were multiple experiments conducted that were mentioned in this article that showed how cochlear implants improved the communication of the deaf. I know we wanted to do a “view of treatments” section and I think this would be a great device to talk about since it does greatly improve communication and reception between two people. Diana Tat (talk) 00:34, 30 September 2014 (UTC)


 * In terms of citing, I would check out the APA manual or even just search how to do so on Google, you'll definitely find your answers there. Adriana As13sx (talk) 23:28, 1 October 2014 (UTC)

3. Preminger, J. E., & Levitt, H. (1997). Computer-assisted remote transcription (CART): A tool to aid people who are deaf or hard of hearing in the workplace. Volta Review, 99(4), 218. http://eds.a.ebscohost.com/eds/detail/detail?sid=aa9bdf50-1f13-4f22-87ee-fe7b4eb2f29e%40sessionmgr4002&vid=0&hid=4213&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ%3d%3d#db=ehh&AN=1784621
 * This article talks about communication challenges in the work place (specifically work meetings) and assistive devices that can help overcome those challenges. It talks about various ways that people with hearing loss have used to cope with these challenges and the positives and cons. This article specifically focuses on Computer-assisted remote transcription (CART) which is the use of stenographers, but in a much more advanced and convenient way.
 * I'm glad you managed to find a source that includes info about CART! Adriana As13sx (talk) 23:33, 1 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Diana Tat, the second and third sources are research articles - primary sources, not secondary sources. See my posts to your group mates about locating other sources. I can meet with you and your group about this in my office hours if you'd like. --LynnMcCleary (talk) 22:19, 7 October 2014 (UTC)

--Kp13mn (talk) 21:36, 1 October 2014 (UTC)Hi guys, I attached a source in one of my earlier comments, but it was a website so i decided to look for e-books instead. On the actual hearing impairment page there is a subtopic that is called "Speech Perception". I went on to the Brock library website and found this e-book, seems useful for a source for that area of the article. 1.Integrating face and voice in person perception [electronic resource] / Pascal Belin, Salvatore Campanella, Thomas Ethofer, editors.http://catalogue.library.brocku.ca/search~S0?/X(hearing%20impairment%20)&b=net%20%20&j=m&Da=&Db=&SORT=D/X(hearing%20impairment%20)&b=net%20%20&j=m&Da=&Db=&SORT=D&b=net++&SUBKEY=(hearing+impairment+)/1%2C13%2C13%2CB/frameset&FF=X(hearing%20impairment%20)&b=net%20%20&j=m&Da=&Db=&SORT=D&10%2C10%2C I then looked for an e-book that focuses more on children, and how they learn to cope with hearing loss. I figured this would be useful for the "Views of Treatment". However as that area focuses more on the negative attitudes towards treatment, we could add a little about how treatment can be beneficial and lead to improvements, etc.

2.Children with hearing loss : developing listening and talking, birth to six / Elizabeth Cole, Carol Flexer.http://catalogue.library.brocku.ca/search~S0?/Xhearing+loss&SORT=DZ/Xhearing+loss&SORT=DZ&extended=0&SUBKEY=hearing+loss/1%2C125%2C125%2CB/frameset&FF=Xhearing+loss&SORT=DZ&2%2C2%2C Lastly, I personally find the area "Prevention" lacking information and wanted to look for a source that could build onto what is already there. This e-book contains information on medical screenings, deafness prevention, diagnosis in children, and hearing disorders in children. It also contains research studies incase we want to add a few more studies to the "Research" area.

3.Auditory screening and hearing loss prevention [electronic resource] : a review of the clinical evidence and guidelines / prepared by Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health.http://catalogue.library.brocku.ca/search~S0?/Xhearing+loss+prevention&SORT=DZ/Xhearing+loss+prevention&SORT=DZ&extended=0&SUBKEY=hearing+loss+prevention/1%2C25%2C25%2CB/frameset&FF=Xhearing+loss+prevention&SORT=DZ&1%2C1%2C Kayleen
 * Great work Kayleen! All of these sources are stuffed with plenty of information that we can use! Adriana As13sx (talk) 18:33, 2 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Kayleen, these seem like credible sources. They also have a lot of information that may not be as relevant to your group's plans. Which chapters of the books do you plan to summarize? It is too much to summarize the entire content of these resources, especially since they are written for people who have a background in the field of hearing loss. Please put your signature after your contributions. --LynnMcCleary (talk) 22:00, 7 October 2014 (UTC)

Professor advice about summarizing and collaborating
Adriana, Kayleen, Diana Tat, and Ar14bj you’ve got some great sources. I know that some of you will be looking for secondary sources to replace the primary sources you found. I recommend book chapters – another good idea would be to search for articles for nurses, physicians, social workers, or other health professionals about how to communicate with deaf or hearing impaired people. You could get help with this from a librarian or from me.

I have some suggestions for you for your next steps – to help you keep your work manageable and within the scope of this assignment. You have the potential to get overwhelmed by the amount of information that you have. I think the goals that you’ve set are still ambitious and may not be feasible in this assignment. Keep your expectations of yourselves reasonable. You may need to find sources that are easier for you to understand or focus on parts of the books you’ve found.

See the course page for information about your tasks due October 22.

Thinking about the communication model we learned about the first week of class might help you focus and organize your information. Your summaries should be between 250 and at most 400 words for each source. Try not to make them long. If there aren’t 250 words worth of information in your source, don't blather on to fill space. I am looking for summaries I can understand and that are logical and coherent. You'll need to really focus in on the heart of the relevant findings. You should be aiming to tell your group members what the key messages are in your sources and how you think the information fits or doesn't fit with the article (it's okay if you logically determine that it wouldn't add to the article). If there is repetition within your sources, you should note that. Each summary should have a citation that is acceptable for Wikipedia and that has the information needed for a reader to verify your interpretation by finding your source. Links that only work within the university aren’t user friendly for me or your group members. If there is information that you can’t paraphrase, indicate quotes with quotation marks and page numbers.

When you've got your summaries done, hopefully there will be some themes and repetition among your summaries. Your job then is to collaboratively decide on what deserves to be suggested as an edit for the article and craft summaries of what your group found that could be incorporated in the article. That might be citations for information that is already there or new information. Discuss why your new information is relevant to the article.

I can copy hearing impairment article over to your sandbox so you can practice editing before you make any suggestions to the editors of the article. If you want me to do that, let me know by email or by using my user name in a response to this post. As always, I'm available to guide you.

Don't forget to sign your posts. I look up your contributions by user name for grading. If you don't sign your posts, you won't get credit for them when I'm grading.LynnMcCleary (talk) 02:35, 9 October 2014 (UTC)

Summaries
1. Gravel, J. S., O'Gara. J. (2003). Communication Options for Children with Hearing Loss Link to source

This source emphasizes that families with a child who have hearing loss need to find a method of communication which facilities natural and abundant interchanges. Mentioned are 8 communication options available. Many of these communications have characteristics that overlap, but they also have characteristics that makes them unique to one another. I will go into more depth, but this is just a very quick summary of each of them. Auditory-verbal and auditory-oral focus strongly on the use of hearing aids, although AV restricts any use of visual cues to communicate. Cued speed, MCE and SimCom rely on visual cues and sign systems. TC combines all the previous methods. American Sign Language uses visual cues as well, but is a visual language that’s distinctly different from English (uses body language, movement etc). Bi-Bi is a form of ASL but for children who are learning english as a second language.

I will be posting how this source relates to my other ones and how we can incorporate it within the article once I find my other sources. LynnMcCleary, am I on the right track now? I realized that my sources were primary sources. Diana Tat (talk) 20:36, 15 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Diana Tat,yes, you are on the right track here. It would be interesting to know a bit more about the 8 options. You might consider providing the most detail about more common approaches. I think it would be difficult to summarize all of this information in 400 words. You might need to decide what you think is most important for your editing - your group might later decide that more information is needed from the article. --LynnMcCleary (talk) 20:51, 15 October 2014 (UTC)


 * I think it would be great if you could find some more research about ASL because then we can combine it with what I've got about the history of ASL in my first source. In the Wiki Hearing Loss article there is a section for Sign Language which we could add to. My information is very relevant to the Deaf Culture section as well, however ASL plays a huge role in the deaf community, so maybe we could combine the Deaf Culture section with the Sign Language section. Maybe it would be good to look into hearing aids as well, however I do not think it is necessary to expand on the other communication options. We have more info pertaining to hearing aids and ASL. Adriana As13sx (talk) 22:58, 22 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Good idea! Since my source talks primarily about different types of sign language, I can find another credible source that talks about how ASL works! I'll try to focus on the most used forms of sign languages for my section. Diana Tat (talk) 01:47, 25 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Sounds great Diana!Adriana As13sx (talk) 18:22, 26 October 2014 (UTC)

2. Everything but the article is in spanish... so I'll cite it when I figure out what the rest is saying Link of source

This source talks about how workers of the healthcare system aren’t properly trained to deal with people (children specifically) with hearing loss. Many hearing-impaired patients say they aren’t properly informed of their health status and treatment because of this. A few reasons outlined for this are professionals believe they are unable to communicate, so they don’t bother trying different strategies and hearing impairment can sometimes be wrongly interoperated as a learning difficulty. The source then talks about how one can improve the communication between a patient and the health professional. The first step is knowing how the patient usually communicates. This can be done by asking the parent/person with them. The most two common types of communication are lip reading and forms of sign language. Lip reading it most commonly used, but only works with good visibility, therefore there are a lot of obstacles a professional should be aware of when communicating via lip reading. ie. speaking too fast, turning away, professionals thinking they should shout or exaggerate their movements (which makes it harder for lip reading) Adults who use sign language usually have very poor oral language skills. Tips to improving communication with signers are speaking in simple language (because sign language has a much simpler structure than english) and to attend a sign language course to learn basic structure and gestures. Hearing impaired patients may also use hearing aids. Eliminating background noise for the patient is essential. This source goes into deeper detail about how to deal with hearing impaired children as a dentist, but I guess I shouldn’t touch up on that.

This source relates to the previous source I found by talking about how the deaf can communicate. The difference between them is that the previous source explains how the deaf can communicate with the hearing, while this source focuses on how we (health professionals specifically) can communicate with the deaf depending on the way they communicate. Diana Tat (talk) 03:11, 16 October 2014 (UTC)
 * This source corresponds with my last source about communication barriers between people with hearing impairments and health care providers. Since we both seem to have information on this topic and it is very relevant to both our wikipedia article, as well as what we are learning in our nursing classes, it might be good to include a small section on communication and how it affects the health care of people who are hearing impaired. Depending on what our other group members sources are, we can discuss further how we would do this and which parts of each article to include. Avery (talk) 17:58, 20 October 2014 (UTC)


 * As I mentioned before, we can combine all of this information on sign language to edit the Sign Language or Deaf Culture sections. The more the merrier!! I do not have any information pertaining to hearing loss from the health care prospective, but yours and Avery's may suffice. Maybe Kayleen will find some information about that. Adriana As13sx (talk) 22:58, 22 October 2014 (UTC)

3. The Canadian Hard of Hearing Association. (2008). Working With Hearing Loss. Retrieved from http://www.chha.ca/documents/Working_With_Hearing_Loss.pdf Link of source

This article talks about technology that can be implemented in the workplace and outside of the workplace in order to accommodate the needs of people who are hearing impaired. The technologies listed not only make the workplace a safer place, but it also allows better reception and receiving of messages between the hearing impaired and others. Here are some of the technologies mentioned and a brief description of them. Signalling Systems: A transmitter can be attached to a phone that will cause a light or a vibration device to activate. This is extremely useful because a person with hearing loss cannot always hear the phone or distinguish their own ringtone from another. In emergency situations, fire alarms can be useless for the hearing impaired. Transmitters can also be used to activate visuals cues to represent fire alarms. Many phones when accompanied with hearing aids create high-pitched feedback. This disrupts the ability for the HI to receive messages. Hearing aid compatible phones are necessary. Amplifiers: People with HI require phones that have a higher power of amplification. There are portable units that connect to phones to offer additional volume boosts. HATIS: The Hearing Aid Telephone Interconnect System is a hands free amplification which allows people amplify sound when using telephones, cell phones, computer and pay phones. TTY (Telephone typewriter): this device has a screen and a typewriter that replaces the telephone handset. This allows communication through visual messaging. People with TTY’s can communicate with one another. TTY can call people who don’t have TTY by using the National Relay service which is an operator that acts as a messenger to each caller. Diana Tat (talk) 03:04, 22 October 2014 (UTC)


 * Great research on technology! This relates to my third source, however I more so discuss how technology affects one's sociability and communication with others rather than the actual functions of the technical devices themselves (ex. embarrassment from the way such technologies can be perceived by others in the public --> low self-esteem and increased social isolation). We could add these components to the Assistive Devices section in the Wiki article. Adriana As13sx (talk) 22:58, 22 October 2014 (UTC)

1. Foster, S. (1996). Communication experiences of deaf people: An ethnographic account. In I. Parasnis (Ed.), Cultural and language diversity of the deaf experience (pp. 117-136). New York: Cambridge University Press. This book chapter focuses on communication barriers among deaf and hearing people within family, school, work, and community settings. It analyzes the findings of 11 different studies regarding experiences with communication barriers in these areas. It concluded that even with good speech-reading and speaking skills, hearing loss often interferes with the expression and reception of a message. They are not able to pick up verbal queues in communication such as tone, pitch, and loudness, which can often cause misinterpretations of messages. In family settings, it was found that most family members of those who had hearing loss were not hard of hearing. This created a communication barrier between them and both their direct, and extended family members, which often affected their relationship due to lack of effective communication. In school settings, it was found that learning was more difficult due to communication barriers among teachers and peers of people who are hard of hearing. It takes them longer to get information from people such as teachers and secretaries, and is also more difficult to understand verbal information in class that is not written, which makes learning more difficult. This communication barrier also made it very difficult for people who have hearing loss to join extracurricular activities and develop relationships good with peers. One of the reasons for this is the fact that hearing people must make a lot more effort to communicate with people who have hearing loss due to the differences in channels between the two individuals. Unfortunately, many people were not willing to put in this effort, which resulted in a lack of communication and therefore poorer relationships. In the workplace communication is also very difficult, and it was found that interpreters were seldom provided except for in meetings and workshops. People who have hearing loss reported feeling misinformed, frustrated, and at a disadvantage in the workplace due to this issue. I think that this source would be very relevant to our article as its focus is on the communication barriers that people who are hearing impaired experience in their everyday life. It talks about many aspects that correspond with the communication model and is important information to know when learning and understanding how people who are hearing impaired communicate. Avery (talk) 17:54, 20 October 2014 (UTC)
 * This is a great source! I think we should include a section called "communication barriers" or something along those lines. Maybe we could have subheadings that divide into School, Family, Health Care? You and I both have sources that could go underneath it and I think it would be very appropriate since NP10 is a communication class. Diana Tat (talk) 20:24, 20 October 2014 (UTC)
 * I really like that idea! It seems that these three areas continually come up when talking about the affects of communication barriers for people who are hearing impaired. All of our research could contribute to this section, so maybe we should keep this the main focus of our editing. Making a whole new section will be a lot of work but I feel like it would be a very good addition to our article, and all the information is very relevant to what we are learning in this course. Lets see what our other group members have for sources then we can all decide on if this would be a good focus point. Avery (talk) 20:24, 22 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Your information on tone, pitch and loudness corresponds with the information in my second source. I think we can combine them together to form a sub-section under the new topic Diana Tat had mentioned: Communication Barriers. These speech-language problems are physical effects that prevent those with hearing loss to participate in clear communication, both as the communicator and receiver. In terms of the School section Diana Tat mentioned, I have more information in some books if we need it. Adriana As13sx (talk) 22:09, 22 October 2014 (UTC)

2. Karras, E., & Cheong, P. (2008). An Examination of the Communicative Behaviors and Digital Divides Among the Deaf. Conference Papers -- International Communication Association, 1.

This conference paper from the International Communication Association discusses the use of communication technologies and media in the everyday life of people who are deaf. It focuses on how they use these technologies, as well as how it affects their communication online and offline, and the factors that affect their use. Using the media and communicative technologies can provide job opportunities, provide health information, strengthen community networks, and facilitate educational advancement. However, this paper identifies the “digital divide” between people of disability status (such as people who are hearing impaired), and the rest of the population. It discusses the social, economic, linguistic, and technical factors that can influence the Deaf persons’ media access and use. I do not believe this section of the paper is particularly relevant to our article, as it does not have much to do with communication. The second section of the paper is much more relevant to our article, as it discusses the communicative behaviors of people who are deaf both online and offline. Cellphones and videophones are technologies that provide both advantages and disadvantages in non-verbal communication. The paper found that although the use of technology and media among Deaf persons allowed them to broaden their social networks and assist with learning, their preferred method of communication was face-to-face communication. Even though this type of communication often created a language barrier between the two individuals, Deaf persons preferred this method of communication because they were able to better analyze non-verbal queues such as body language and facial expression.Avery (talk) 17:54, 20 October 2014 (UTC)
 * This is great! Now both you, Diana and I have information about technology and its relation to communication. I think it would be good to incorporate all of this into the Assistive Devices section. It can be one of our major focuses in the editing process. Adriana As13sx (talk) 22:58, 22 October 2014 (UTC)

3. Schuler, G., Mistler, L., Torrey, K., & Depukat, R. (2013). Bridging Communication Gaps with the Deaf. Nursing, 43(11), 24-30. This article provides information on effective practices for communicating with people who are deaf from a nursing perspective. It stresses the importance of understanding that each person with a hearing impairments’ needs are unique, and as nurses it is crucial to be able to assess each individual’s communication needs in order to provide them with an optimal level of care. It discusses the knowledge gap of health care professionals when it comes to understanding how to communicate with people who are hearing impaired, and the assumptions that can be made based on this incomplete information. Assumptions were such that health care providers were able to communicate effectively with the person’s family, or with their own signing skills, which can affect the patient centered approach to health care. The article discusses some of the laws that promote better communication between health care providers and people who are deaf, such as providing reasonable communication accommodations. However, it acknowledges that these standards are not always met when providing health care. Reasonable communication accommodations include providing people who are hearing impaired with a sign language interpreter, CDI, or an Internet interpretation service. This article does not identify communication through family and friends as an effective communication technique, due to the potential input of personal opinion, bias, and errors in information that could be present in this form of communication. This article also provides helpful information on how to choose the right method of interpretation, and tips for communicating with patients who are hearing impaired. This article would go well with Diana’s second source, which is also about communication with people who are deaf in a health care setting. I think that even if we do not include it in our editing, it would be a very important resource to understand for our future practices as nurses. Avery (talk) 17:54, 20 October 2014 (UTC)
 * I'm glad our sources have a similar theme. I think it's important for us to talk about how hearing loss affects health professional care since we will be health professionals ourselves. In both of our articles, it talks about what health professionals can do to overcome the language barrier. The difference from yours and mine (from what I've gathered) is that the methods in your article involve services and technology, while mine focuses on what the health professional can do themselves (changing the environment around the patient, speaking slower etc). Combining both of of our articles, I think we can produce a quality section about barriers in health care and what health professionals do to overcome them. Diana Tat (talk) 20:14, 20 October 2014 (UTC)
 * I love your idea about making a section about communication barriers for the Deaf in health care, and I agree that this is important information not just for wiki readers to learn about, but mostly for our own knowledge as well. If we make a section called "Communication Barriers", and have a subheading about communication barriers in health care like you mentioned, then we could write about these communication barriers and how they affect the health care of a patient who has hearing loss. Then in that same section we could do a paragraph about how to overcome these barriers from the perspective of a medical practitioner (nurse, doctor, etc.), including using services and technology, as well as what the health care provider can do themselves. This would make a great addition to our article! Avery (talk) 20:24, 22 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Awesome, awesome, awesome!! Both of you have phenomenal ideas and research!! I love how you discuss hearing loss from a health care perspective, especially nursing. I agree, this is beneficial to our nursing career in terms of being able to understand hearing loss and how to deal with clients who have it. I don't have any information pertaining to that, however should we need more, I'll gladly perform some extra research. Adriana As13sx (talk) 22:58, 22 October 2014 (UTC)

Hello guys! Below are my 3 summaries. I've decided not to get into too much detail with all 5 books, as I only used 3. Professor Lynn, you were correct! There is a tun of information present in all of those books and it would take quite a long time to search through and summarize everything. That being said, if we need more information on a various topic, I've renewed these books for another 2 weeks so we can scavenge them for additional information if we need to. Adriana As13sx (talk) 21:46, 22 October 2014 (UTC)

1. Chapter 6 (Anxiety of Culture) in Padden, C. & Humphries, T. (2005). Inside Deaf Culture. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

This chapter delves into the history of sign language, placing a large emphasis on how it was interpreted by hearing and deaf individuals and primarily its effect on the deaf society. Furthermore, it also talks quite a bit about how sign language affects culture through art, specifically through poetry. In the mid-1960s, William Stokoe, a hearing scholar from Gallaudet College worked alongside his deaf colleagues to develop a new sign language dictionary that used the internal structure of sign language (hand shapes, location on body, type of movement) to define words. As a result, some came to view sign language as a human language that could be analyzed and understood as like any other. The majority of deaf people, however, felt offended and angered by such a creation. Professor Gilbert Eastman at Gallaudet was shocked that someone would present his language through a collection of bizarre squiggles and symbols. Shortly following, much anxiety and confusion swept across and the Deaf community, as well as in the hearing society. They struggled to find a name for “the sign language” (which eventually became regarded as American Sign Language; ASL) and contemplated whether it should even be considered a form of language. Deaf people wanted to know the nature of such a language and its purpose. They even worried about whether the implementation of a non-verbal language would add any additional strangeness to their already minute state. Additionally, within schools that ran programs for the deaf, teachers seeked to modify ASL signs because they thought some didn’t match English words. This added to even more confusion among the deaf. Essentially, the recognition of ASL brought more conflict and anxiety instead of the expected excitement and joy from the development of a new language. The basis of their anxiety came from their exposure to the public and the thought of exactly how they were to develop their own deaf culture. The combination of language and culture promised equity and opportunity to their minority group and they needed to learn how to develop both. In the 1970s and 1980s, the National Theatre of the Deaf hosted many who were poets and expressed their deaf culture through sign language on stage. Dorothy Miles was one of the first poets to generate ASL poetry. Throughout her career, she went from creating poetry where she precisely matched signs with words to performing poetry where she manipulated the signs themselves to create new forms of meaning that were beyond words themselves. Forms of art, like this one, brought the deaf community together to experience language through performance, which sparked the development of their culture. In the final few words of the chapter, the authors stress that the experience and struggle for expression of the deaf language differentiates with the time era in which the people live. Adriana As13sx (talk) 21:46, 22 October 2014 (UTC)
 * I totally forgot to mention whereabouts my information would fit best in the article. For this one, I'm thinking Sign Language (as it relates to other summaries you guys have posted) or Deaf Culture...however I'm leaning toward Sign Language. Adriana As13sx (talk) 04:16, 23 October 2014 (UTC)
 * I think it should go underneath the sign language section as well!Diana Tat (talk) 01:54, 25 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Okay, Sign Language it is then! Glad we are in agreement. Adriana As13sx (talk) 18:20, 26 October 2014 (UTC)

2. Chapter 10 (Hearing Loss) (Sub-section: Communication Problems Associated with Hearing Loss; pgs. 280-282) Haynes, W. O., Moran, M. J., & Pindzola, R. H. (2012). Communication Disorders in Educational and Medical Settings An Introduction for Speech-Language Pathologists, Educators, and Health Professionals. Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

This section of chapter 10 examines communication problems relative to hearing loss, particularly speech and language. The nature and severity of these problems are dependent on numerous factors, including the amount, the type and the age at which hearing loss occurs. Both prelingual (hearing loss that occurs before one begins to speak) and postlingual (hearing loss that develops after one begins to speak) affect speech. One form of problem is associated with speech sound production, which include substitutions, distortions and omissions of various letters in words. As a result, the receiver during a conversation would deem the communicator’s speech unintelligible. Another problem with hearing loss is the effect it has on one’s voice. Their pitch could be too high or too low and their voice could vary in its degree of loudness (ex. weak or harsh). Also, resonance of speech may also be affected, in which one could be hypernasal (excessive sound in nose) or denasal (like blockage of nasal cavity). In addition to its effect on the nose, speech can be affected by where it originates in the throat, resulting in an unusual sound. Furthermore, prosody is affected by speech, which are the patterns of stress and rhythm in the voice. In communication with someone, the placing of the improper stresses on syllables makes it difficult for the receiver to clearly perceive and hear the intended words. In terms of language, three major problems are demonstrated by speakers with hearing loss. First, there are the problems which affect language form. This includes the overuse of nouns and verbs, the usage of a limited number of words per sentence and the incorrect placement of words in sentences. Second, there are the problems of language content. These include possessing a limited vocabulary and trouble with the usage of synonyms and antonyms. The third and final problem revolves around pragmatics (language use), including asking inappropriate questions and the inability to recognize hearing a message. Essentially, these speech and language problems not only affect the other in communication, but it poses many issues for the person with hearing loss as well. They have an inability to clearly hear others’ voice and are unable to control their own speech through their auditory channel (using their own voice to produce language). As a result, communication becomes difficult between one with hearing loss and another person. Adriana As13sx (talk) 21:46, 22 October 2014 (UTC)
 * I think that this info could be used to construct a new section that focuses on the communication struggles of a person with hearing loss, both as a communicator and receiver. As I mentioned far below, this would be an additional component if we have enough time. Adriana As13sx (talk) 04:16, 23 October 2014 (UTC)
 * I think this could go under the communication barriers part of the article (once we make one). Great job!Diana Tat (talk) 01:54, 25 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Alright, I'll look into exactly what info I will incorporate from this summary and how. I will fill you in on what I come up with on Monday night. Thanks for your input! Adriana As13sx (talk) 18:26, 26 October 2014 (UTC)

3. Chapter 3 (The Personal Meaning of Hearing or Vision Loss) Scherer, M. J. (2004). Connecting To Learn Educational and Assistive Technology for People With Disabilities. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

This chapter focuses on how individuals with hearing loss deal with communication. Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development is used to particularly explain the importance of the adolescence phase in a person’s life. It is where people try to understand themselves and their self-confidence; who they are. Looking at it from the perspective of a person with hearing loss, this stage may or may not be effected. The way one’s emotional and psychological stance is effected is dependent on the individual’s life experiences, customary ways of dealing with challenges and the extent to which one socializes. Outgoing individuals place more of an emphasis on interpersonal contact, while private people feel more comfortable in an isolated setting. Technology, for example the use of hearing aids, also affects one’s sociability. Some may refuse to use one because they feel it is embarrassing and weird, which further is relative to one’s self-esteem. In comparison, others feel they cannot live without one, as it is the only thing that keeps them engaged with the public. Interactions with people who have the same disability (ex. Through support groups) often have the same experiences, which can relieve social anxieties and stress and help one to develop a healthy identity and sense of well-being. Lee Meyerson, a Professor of Psychology at Arizona State University (has severe hearing loss) created three adjustment patterns that can help adults with hearing loss. The first one is to remain withdrawn into your own self. This provides a sense of safety and familiarity which can be a comforting way to lead your life. The second is to act “as if” one does not even have hearing loss. A positive attitude will help people to live a life with no barriers and thus, engage in optimal interaction. The final and third pattern is for the person to accept their hearing loss as a part of them without undervaluing oneself. This means understanding that one is forced to live life with this disability, however it is not the only thing that constitutes life’s meaning. Furthermore, many feel as if their inability to hear others during conversation is their fault. They need to learn how to become more assertive individuals who do not lack fear when it comes to asking someone to repeat something or to speak a little louder. Although there is much fatigue and frustration that is produced from one’s inability to hear, it is important to learn from personal experiences in order to improve on one’s communication skills. Adriana As13sx (talk) 21:46, 22 October 2014 (UTC)
 * This info can also be used to add to the new section I mentioned under my second article summary(communication struggles) if there is time to do so.Adriana As13sx (talk) 04:16, 23 October 2014 (UTC)

Hello guys, below are my three sources and their summaries. 1)This is a scholarly article expressing the difficulties between a nurse and a deaf client. I noticed previously that Lynn mentioned to look at the way it affects nursing and the communication aspect in nurse-patient relationships. This article/topic does not have it own section on the Wikipedia page but we could make a section on how deafness affects others and their ability to communicate with the deaf individual, if desired to do so. The article goes on to state that communication is an essential part of the nursing process. It states that good nurses uses communication in all forms to teach her/his patient, to educate family members, and to collaborate with other members of the healthcare team. The purpose of the article is to focus on the communication barriers between nurses and their patients. Nurses impose their own barriers on communication. The nurse may feel uncomfortable communicating with a deaf person in the absence of a sign language translator. With the elderly, communication can be difficult because of their slow speech, hard hearing, and other results of aging. It then continues on the fact that deafness is not only difficult for the individual, but for others who try to help them as well, such as nurses, and other medical leaders. I am not sure if this will be used in the Wikipedia page but I figured id act on. http://sspatterson.wordpress.com/scholarly-works/communication-barriers-in-nursing-nursing-622/ Lynns suggestion. -
 * All of your information here is relevant to hearing loss within the health care system. I think that your information in combination with both Diana's and Avery's would make for an excellent new section. Great work! Adriana As13sx (talk) 03:26, 23 October 2014 (UTC)

2) This summary is from a book of my own called: The Human Body Book. I noticed that the article explains deafness but now how the ear functions to allow hearing. I think this could be added to the first section of the page to add more information about the ear, and then go on to express deafness. The book talks about the three parts of the ear, the outer ear that comprises the earflap and the slightly S-shaped outer ear canal. The ear canal guides sounds waves to the second region, the middle ear. The elements of the middle amplify the sound waves and transfer them from the air into the fluid of the inner ear. The fluid-filled inner ear changes sound waves to nerve signals inside the snail-shaped cochlea. The middle ear cavity is connected to the throat by the atmospheric pressure to transfer the cavity, equalizing the air pressure on either side of the eardrum. The book then goes on to explain how an individual hears. It expresses that the ear acts as energy converters, changing pressure differences in air, known as sound waves, which generally occur in complex patterns of frequencies. The vibrations are conducted along the ossicle chain, which leads to the pushing and pulling at the flexible oval window of the cochlea. The motions then set off waves through the perilymph fluid inside the cochlea. These in turn transfer their vibrational energy to the tub-shaped organ Corti, which coils within the cochlea.

The Human Body written by Steve Parker and forwarded by Robert Winston. Information (2007) was on pages 90-91, I own the book so it can be accessed at any time.
 * I think it is great that you found out all of this information about the ear, however I think it's best to focus more so on communication aspects. I think if we've got some extra time, then we can add in a small part, but I don't think it is absolutely necessary. Adriana As13sx (talk) 03:26, 23 October 2014 (UTC)

3) Integrating face and voice in person perception [electronic resource] / Pascal Belin, Salvatore Campanella, Thomas Ethofer, editors.http://catalogue.library.brocku.ca/search~S0?/X(hearing%20impairment%20)&b=net%20%20&j=m&Da=&Db=&SORT=D/X(hearing%20impairment%20)&b=net%20%20&j=m&Da=&Db=&SORT=D&b=net++&SUBKEY=(hearing+impairment+)/1%2C13%2C13%2CB/frameset&FF=X(hearing%20impairment%20)&b=net%20%20&j=m&Da=&Db=&SORT=D&10%2C10%2C

I then looked for an e-book that focuses more on children, and how they learn to cope with hearing loss. I figured this would be useful for the "Views of Treatment". However as that area focuses more on the negative attitudes towards treatment, we could add a little about how treatment can be beneficial and lead to improvements, etc. The book explains how there are support groups for the young that allow deaf children to interact with other children, and to gain friendships, and actability. It also focuses on how there are classes for young children to learn sign language with peers their own age. Within these classes they teach the children how to read lips, and how to use body language to better communicate. There wasn’t too much with thin this chapter but it may be beneficial to further continue with other sources of treatments directed with children, then maybe teens, and then the elderly as each age area learns to cope with deafness in different manners. Kp13mn (talk) 00:08, 23 October 2014 (UTC)Kp13mn (talk)
 * I think that the information you've summarized regarding lip-reading and the use of body language to communicate would make a great asset to Diana and I's information regarding sign language. I like how your info primarily focuses on children, as we can see how the use of sign language differentiates with different age groups. I like the info you have about support groups. Maybe we can expand a little more on that (involving communication) and then add it to the Views of Treatment section. Adriana As13sx (talk) 03:26, 23 October 2014 (UTC)

Adriana, I chose to comment on your sources as no one has yet given their insight towards them. I believe all three are excellent sources, however the third one seems the best in my opinion. I really like the fact that it includes Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development that is used to explain the importance of the adolescence phase in a person’s life. I think that having a supportive theory could be beneficial to relate with the information that it represents, in a manner to back up information. I also like the fact that it touches on the topic of ones difficulties when being deaf. I find this topic just as important as any other issue, as I'm sure people would like to know what it is that deaf people find difficult in order to possibly provide assistance in that specific area. Overall, all your sources are clear, and reliable, and can most defiantly be used in the wikipedia page to make it improved. Very good job! :) I also wanted to add to the other group members that i have read over your sources and approve of them as well, i just figured it wouldn't be beneficial to make similar comments on them again. Kp13mn (talk) 03:43, 23 October 2014 (UTC)Kayleen (talk)
 * Thanks Kayleen! Very much appreciated! I'm not sure if there will be enough time to use some of the info from my third paragraph, as it would require a whole other focus for the article. Below, I've posted what I think our primary focuses should be. Let me know what you think! Adriana As13sx (talk) 04:07, 23 October 2014 (UTC)

Major Focuses for Editing
I just finished typing this and I ran into an error when I tried to post this. Here we go again! So first off, good work on all of our article summaries everyone! Now I'd just like to discuss our major focuses for the editing portion (which is due next week!). Based on our summaries, I think our major focuses should be on Sign Language, Assistive Devices (as well as a sub-section that explains how these technologies affect communication) and a new section on Health Care Professionals And How They Deal with Clients Who Have Hearing Loss. If there is time, we can target some other areas as well. We need to set a date and time to meet up so we can view each other's edits and combine sentences together so on the whole, we can make good edit contributions to the article. How does Monday night sound? We can meet at around 7:00pm on the first floor of the library and finalize our edits that are due for Wednesday. Let me know what you guys think! Should we add or remove a major focus, or are we all in agreement?Adriana As13sx (talk) 04:02, 23 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Okay, Monday night sounds great! So how should we go forth with this? Do we all just rewrite the summaries we have in greater detail. then review each other's on Monday night and see how we can combine ideas together? Diana Tat (talk) 01:25, 25 October 2014 (UTC)
 * I would actually go to the article, review what is already written for a section, for example, reading what's already posted under Sign Language and then using info from your own summaries to edit it. The editing includes restructuring sentences, adding new ones, maybe changing a few words and so forth. I would suggest doing this in your own sandbox for now. Tomorrow night we can take a look at each other's edits and then combine sentences together and decide what should be taken out or rearranged. Adriana As13sx (talk) 18:12, 26 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Okay, perfect! I'll try to do that Diana Tat (talk) 11:57, 27 October 2014 (UTC)

I agree, i think editing and adding that new section would defiantly improve the article, and make it a better read. And not sure what the official plan is, because not all group members have came to an agreement. Sorry, that i took so long to agree with the major focuses, i completely forgot about having to this, even after i was reminded lol. Too much going on right now haha. Just let me know what the plan is and then i will try my best to make it there (remember i commute so please make it for after class or before class). Great work everyone Kp13mn (talk) 16:17, 27 October 2014 (UTC)Kayleen Peterson

I'm glad our meeting went well at the library yesterday night. So just to keep everything organized, I will list the responsibilities for everyone below that we have discussed and agreed upon: Diana Tat, you will be working on the Sign language section in terms of methods, the new Communication barriers section (specifically in terms of the health care profession), as well as technological devices and communication, which is to be part of the Assistive devices section under Management. Avery, you will be working on creating the bulk of our new Communication barriers section, specifically focusing in on health profession, school, work and family. Kayleen, you will also be focusing on Communication barriers in terms of the health profession, as well as contributing the information you have about sign language into the Sign language section. Adriana, myself, will be working on the Sign language section, particularly on its history, how technological devices affect communication (i.e. self-esteem), which will also contribute to the Assistive devices section under Management and lastly, I will work on Communication barriers, more so a general introduction and conclusion to our new section. I will see if I can incorporate the personal aspect of hearing loss to individuals with this condition within the article somehow as well. If anyone has any concerns with the tasks listed above, please post here in the talk page so we can resolve the issue. Thanks and good luck with your edits! Adriana As13sx (talk) 03:50, 29 October 2014 (UTC)

Editing Rationales and Discussion
I decided to create subheadings in this section in order for us to organize things a little better. When we're discussing your rationale, if you could please discuss your rationale in the appropriate section, that would be great! Diana Tat (talk) 17:23, 29 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Good idea, I like the organization! I will definitely post my rationale in the proper area! Adriana As13sx (talk) 21:13, 29 October 2014 (UTC)

Sign Language
Hey guys! So as you can see, I’ve made a post in our user/sandbox page in terms of edits for the Sign language section (under Society and culture). In the first paragraph, I changed a few words and slightly altered the sentence structure. The purpose was to just make the sentences sound and flow better. I did not divert much from what was already there. To maintain organization, I inserted two sub-sections: The history of sign language and Multiple types of sign language. The history of sign languageis entirely new and is based on my summary from Chapter 6: Anxiety of Culture from the Inside Deaf Culture book. I think it would be beneficial for readers to know the past history of sign language and to understand the struggles associated with its implementation. After all, such history forms the basis of modern sign language and the way people view it. Under Multiple types of sign language, I inputted the second original paragraph discussing how “there is no single ‘sign language’”. I added a sentence to this paragraph (the last one) because I feel it is important to know that the time in which a person with hearing loss lives in plays a significant role in determining how their sign language is expressed. On a further note, Diana Tat, I think this area would be perfect to input the information you have regarding sign language and its different methods. The third paragraph in the original article discusses the individuals involved in opening the first deaf schools. I did not think this was relevant to the Sign language section, but more so the School section (located within the Society and culture section). I inputted another sub-section under School titled The first deaf schools, which contains the third paragraph from the Sign language section. I think this should be the first paragraph there (with Government policies and Inclusion vs. pullout following) because it provides readers with brief history on how schools pertaining particularly to individuals with hearing loss alone had emerged. On the technical side of things, I added links to other Wikipedia pages including William Stokoe, Gallaudet University, American Sign Language, National Theatre of the Deaf and Dorothy Miles. This provides additional information on such people, institutions and concepts which is advantageous for the reader in terms of developing a better understanding of the topic at hand. In terms of in-text citations, I just added one at the end of my paragraph about The history of sign language. Practically all of the information in that paragraph originated from my summary from the one book, Inside Deaf Culture. I am unsure as to whether that is alright or not. LynnMcCleary, could you please clarify this for me? I will drop by your office hours tomorrow so I can also clarify this with you then. Anyways guys, that is what I’ve got done so far. Let me know what you all think about this. I’m gladly open to any concerns or feedback/suggestions! Adriana As13sx (talk) 03:26, 29 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Okay! So as I'm editing my information for my first source, I came to realize that I miscommunicated on what my source was really about (don't know how I managed to do that). My source talks more specifically about different communication approaches that individuals with hearing loss use. Some methods involve sign language, some involve hearing aids, some involve integration of the hearing impaired into hearing communities and some involve combinations of all. I know my source is valid and can be used to help improve our article, but now that I've realized that my section has to do more than just "sign language" I'm not sure where I can include it. I need opinions on this one! I can post the methods and the description of each which will give you a better idea of what I mean. Diana Tat (talk) 20:07, 29 October 2014 (UTC)
 * I suggest adding the methods that involve communication with sign language into the Multiple types of sign language section(depending on the information you post, we can alter that title to make it more clear). I think that the information with hearing aids would make a great addition to the Hearing aids section under Management in the article. It is possible that your information regarding the integration of the hearing impaired into the hearing community can flow well in the Deaf culture section under Society and culture. Adriana As13sx (talk) 21:13, 29 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Adriana, this makes sense to me. LynnMcCleary (talk) 20:26, 29 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Okay, thank you very much! Adriana As13sx (talk) 21:13, 29 October 2014 (UTC)

I know I originally said my section was about "different types of sign language," but after reading the article more throughly, I don't think it's appropriate to label my part as different types of sign languages. Instead, I think it should be "communication options/methods" or something along those lines. I know this is a little different from what I originally intended my part to be, but I still think (and hope you guys think too) that the different communication options is useful to incorporate into the wikipedia article. I think it's important for people to know that there is no "single" sign language, but there are several different ways of communicating and each way differs in what modalities they incorporate. I am aware my introduction definitely does not flow well from the previous text I put it underneath, only because I'm still not sure how I could incorporate my section yet... I will cite my sources later, but I'm also unsure of how I should format that list. Any ideas? I will look at other wiki articles for reference. Please give me as much feedback as you can! I'm not good at writing to be honest, so I am always appreciating critique! Also, do you think it would be appropriate for me to include an image to further explain cued speech? I found this image in the wiki commons page. Diana Tat (talk) 04:20, 30 October 2014 (UTC)
 * I see what you are saying. I would create another section under Sign language called Communication methods, like you've said. You are right, the information you have does not necessarily examine "different types of sign language", but more so methods involving the use of sign language. We could create a whole other section, but I think it is best to keep this information under Sign language in a new sub-section. Avery and Kayleen, what do you guys think? In terms of referencing, I've already created a References section for us in the sandbox. All you have to do is add your in-text citations for whatever new information you are adding. You do this by typing   and then directly after, you type in your source and then place < /ref > at the end. If you click on Edit source on our group User page, you can see the way I cited my edits as an example. I still have to review that I cited correctly, but the bulk of it is there. I've noticed that in your American Sign Language (ASL) section, in the third last sentence you say "While English speakers raise their voice to ask a question..." Did you mean to say hand instead? And if so, why can't ASL users also raise their hand to ask a question instead of using their eyebrows? I figured since both hearing and non-hearing individuals do not need to use words to raise their hand, both can perform this action when they have to ask a question. In terms of the image you found, I'm finding it difficult to understand. I think the letters are Spanish, too. Instead of saying Figure 1, it says Figura 1. I do not think that this is the most appropriate picture, but I bet we could find another that is more clear. Adriana As13sx (talk) 17:46, 30 October 2014 (UTC)
 * I think you misunderstood by what I meant by raising their voice. In english spoken language (and most languages), your voice is raised at the end of the sentence. In more formal terms this is referred to as "an upward inflection." I guess that could be unclear to other readers so I will edit my part and include that in there to be more clear. Also good observation on the spanish, I didn't even notice! I simply searched cued speech. I will find another picture later! Diana Tat (talk) 17:44, 31 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Oh I see what you mean now. You are referring to tone of voice, not physically raising one's hand. I understand now-thanks for clarifying! As for the pictures, I'm thinking we can find a few once our edits are complete. In this way, we'll know what we're working with and add an appropriate amount of pictures to the article afterwards. Adriana As13sx (talk) 07:16, 3 November 2014 (UTC)

Diana Tat, I see that you've placed the Communication Methods portion as a sub-section under Society and culture. I think it would be more appropriate to place it specifically as a sub-section under Sign language because many of the methods you've listed involve using gestures and lip-reading. What do you think? Adriana As13sx (talk) 07:25, 3 November 2014 (UTC)
 * I didn't realize I did that! Thank you. I will change it so my communication methods goes underneath the sign language portion. Diana Tat (talk) 20:04, 5 November 2014 (UTC)

I've just made a minor edit to The history of sign language section I've created. The seventh sentence originally used the term minute to describe the deaf society. I've talked to Professor Lynn about our Wikipedia project before and she suggested I change that word. I ended up re-structuring the whole sentence altogether: "The deaf community worried if such a language would contribute to their state of minority." I think that saying state of minority sounds more clear. Let me know if there are any other issues with this. Adriana As13sx (talk) 01:33, 4 November 2014 (UTC)

Communication Barriers
I just posted a rough draft of what I have written for the "Family" sub section of our "Communication Barriers" section of the article. I will be posting each section that I have written as I go along so that you guys can follow my progress with this and give me some feedback. I realize that this section is not yet cited, but I will add that in as soon as I find out how to do that properly. Tell me what you think so far! We all felt that it was very important to add a section regarding communication barriers in the everyday life, and after looking at my research I felt that communication barriers within family, school, and work settings were the most relevant in the life of someone who is hearing impaired. I will also soon be adding a section on communication barriers in health care, which we will all expand on using our combined sources. I will further explain my rationale for this once I post it on the sandbox page, these are just the beginnings of my edits! Avery (talk) 16:39, 29 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Is it possible for you to have posted your healthcare part by tonight? I won't be able to work much on the article Thursday, so it would make it easier for me to expand on the healthcare part if you would have it roughly done by tonight!Diana Tat (talk) 17:17, 29 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Yes I was planning on doing that next so that everyone could add to it! I will try my best but it might not be until after our psych lecture at around 10 if that is ok. How long do you think I should make that section? Avery (talk) 20:39, 29 October 2014 (UTC)
 * I would suggest approximately the same size as your Communication with family section? Adriana As13sx (talk) 21:24, 29 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Avery, I read over your paragraph and it is pretty good. Nonetheless, there are a few suggestions that I have for you. In the first few sentences, you introduce the fact that there are difficulties in communication between deaf individuals and their hearing family members. I would be more specific in terms of what these difficulties are and how they affect the relationships. Maybe provide 2 or 3 distinct examples? In your last sentence, you say how the lack of communication between the deaf individual and their extended family is lacking and their relationship becomes negatively impacted. How exactly is their relationship negatively impacted? Essentially, it is evident that you state that hearing loss has a negative impact on relationships within the family, but it would be beneficial for readers to understand exactly how. I know you mention how the fast-paced and overlapping nature of specific conversations act as barriers, which is great, but I think it would be a good idea to further add to this. Also, in your third last sentence, I would end the sentence with exchanges, as the between a group of people portion does not sound necessary. Adriana As13sx (talk) 21:46, 29 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Thank you for your suggestions Adriana, I will try to look for a bit more specific examples. The only problem is that there are not many specific examples in the source that I used for this section, so I might have to try and find some other sources to do this. I will let you know if I find anything good and I will add it in. Avery (talk) 18:53, 2 November 2014 (UTC)
 * Oh okay I see. Definitely fill us in if you find any additional sources, but don't go too crazy searching! Adriana As13sx (talk) 07:30, 3 November 2014 (UTC)

I’ve added an introductory paragraph to the Communication barriers section in the group sandbox. I feel that it is beneficial to understand the major personal barriers that hearing loss causes within individuals and how it affects their everyday interaction and communication with people. I think this paragraph sets a good foundation for all of the other sections we will be talking about: Communication barriers in the family, work, school and health care setting. I’m now thinking that we may not even require a conclusion for this section, as it may not be necessary. I don’t know if a conclusion will flow well in terms of the Wikipedia structure. Also, when I talk about resonance in terms of speech barriers, I mention how the voice can be hypernasal or denasal. I would like to link hypernasal to another Wiki page, however the other page is called Hypernasal speech and the speech word does not flow with my sentence. I’m going to try and figure out how I can still link the page but only leave the word hypernasal in my sentence. Adriana As13sx (talk) 05:04, 30 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Changing hypernal speech to just hypernasal is very simple! ((NAMEOFACTUALWIKIARTICLE | NAMEYOUWANT)) Just replace the parentheses with the square brankets and remove the spacesDiana Tat (talk) 18:17, 31 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Thank you for the help, Diana Tat!! Adriana As13sx (talk) 07:35, 3 November 2014 (UTC)
 * I think the introductory paragraph is a very good addition to this section! Like you said, it will provide the readers with a foundation that will help them really understand the other sub sections. I do not think that a conclusion is necessary, as there are generally not concluding sentences in wikipedia articles. Avery (talk) 18:53, 2 November 2014 (UTC)
 * Thanks Avery! I'm glad you agree that no conclusion is necessary. Adriana As13sx (talk) 07:35, 3 November 2014 (UTC)

Avery! I have added a few things to your first paragraph. I haven't made the edits yet, but I have posted what I would think is appropriate to add in at the end (the section I rewrote is in quotations and what I added in or revised is bolded). I thought it was important to add, "as a result of poor communication between the health care professional and the hearing impaired patient, many patients report that they are not properly informed about their disease and prognosis" because it's concrete evidence from a study that hearing impaired individuals have reported that their disability has stopped them from receiving proper, effective healthcare. The second part I added further elaborated on the idea of how it's wrong for every healthcare professional to assume every hearing impaired patient works the same way. I thought I would include this because it relates back to the several communication options I wrote about in the sign language section. If you think it's okay for me to make those changes, please let me know so I can go ahead and change it! Also, I believe sometimes my sentences don't flow as well, so if there's any suggestions on how to make my parts sound better, feel free to let me know!
 * Diana Tat, I think what you have re-written is an excellent improvement on Avery's health care section. And Avery, I think you've come up with two excellent paragraphs as well! I just have one minor editing suggestion for you. In the first paragraph, you have a sentence that begins like "Poor communication in this setting is often the result of health care providers making the misconception...". I would say "...the result of health care providers having the misconception..." instead of making. I think it sounds more clear and understandable. Adriana As13sx (talk) 18:30, 3 November 2014 (UTC)
 * Thanks Adriana! I went ahead and edited Avery's section and added my bolded parts in. Thanks for proof reading my paragraph. I edited the sentence to how you suggested it should be. Diana Tat (talk) 15:05, 4 November 2014 (UTC)
 * I just read over the sections that you added Diana and they are a good contribution to my paragraphs, thank you!Avery (talk) 21:18, 4 November 2014 (UTC)
 * No problem! I think this section looks really, really good. Great work guys!! Adriana As13sx (talk) 05:29, 5 November 2014 (UTC)

Also, since you talked about more about certain technologies and services that would improve the health care setting, I thought it would be appropriate to include ways the setting for the patient can be improved by practices the health care professional can implement themselves. It's surprising how many people don't realize how easy it is to improve their communication so I thought this part was important to include. There are a few more things I want to add on, but that's what I have for now! I have a general question for everyone. I'm just wondering when we're talking about individuals with hearing loss, should we be referring to them as deaf or hearing impaired. Personally, I don't like referring to everyone as deaf because it makes me think they have completely lost their hearing. Should we be keeping what we use as a term consistent or does it not matter? Diana Tat (talk) 14:49, 30 October 2014 (UTC)


 * Those edits sound good Diana, feel free to add them and anything else that you think would be beneficial into that section! As for the use of "deaf" vs. "hearing impaired", I do not think that either one is more correct. I have seen both used in scholarly articles, and I think that using them interchangeably would eliminate the assumption that someone has completely lost their hearing. That is just my personal opinion however, what does everyone else think?Avery (talk) 18:53, 2 November 2014 (UTC)
 * I think those edits would also make a great contribution to that section. Additionally, I agree with Avery about the use of the terms deaf and hearing impaired. As long as it flows and makes sense within the context in which they are being said it would be totally fine. Even saying "individual with hearing loss" would be just as fine as well. Adriana As13sx (talk) 18:48, 3 November 2014 (UTC)

Hey guys, I just added the "Communication in the community" and "Communication in the workplace" sub sections under our "Communication barriers" edit. I also edited the "Communication with family" section using the suggestions that Adriana gave me. Please read over them and tell me what you think, and if I can make any changes. I will probably be looking over and editing them again before we finalize our edits on the actual page. After going through my source about communication barriers between people who are deaf and hearing individuals, I decided that these three topics from this source were the most relevant. In my "communication in the community" section, I added information about forming friendships and social networks as well as communication barriers in extracurricular actives, because there was not enough information on these two topics to do them individually. I thought that this information would be relevant to add to our article, as these communication barriers are what most people who are hearing impaired experience regularly in their lives. I also added the section on "Communication barriers in the workplace" because I felt that this was a very important issue that has a great effect on a deaf individual's ability to be a good worker and experience success in their job. The only problem that I am having is that I used the same source for the communication barriers in family, work, and community, and when I try to cite it again at the end of the sections it comes up on the reference list as 3 different sources. I am not sure how to fix this, any ideas anyone? I am very glad our editing is coming along really well, I think we are going to make an excellent contribution to this article. Keep up the good work everyone! Avery (talk) 05:02, 3 November 2014 (UTC)
 * I think your Communication with peers and in the community section is fantastic! I love the way you put everything together and how you discussed the difficulties of extracurricular activities and the maintenance and development of social relationships for individuals with hearing loss. In addition to this, I think your last sentence could be re-phrased a little differently. How about: "Patience and motivation to overcome such communication barriers is required by both hearing impaired and hearing individuals in order to establish and maintain good friendships."? Adriana As13sx (talk) 19:04, 3 November 2014 (UTC)
 * Your Communication in the workplace section is really good, too! I just have a few minor edits for your last three sentences. This is how I would go about phrasing them: "This could sever their job performance due to lack of access to information and therefore, reduce their opportunity to form relationships with their co-workers. Additionally, these communication barriers can affect a deaf person’s career development. Since being able to effectively communicate with one's co-workers and other people relevant to one's job is essential for managerial positions, people with hearing impairments can often be denied such opportunities. Adriana As13sx (talk) 19:16, 3 November 2014 (UTC)
 * I read over your Communication with family paragraph again and it sounds really great. I'm glad you took into account my suggestions, as the paragraph is looking really good. I just noticed some lack of clarity and flow in one of your sentences: "This can cause a deaf individual to become frustrated and participate less in family conversations, which can potentially result to a lack of strong relationships with immediate family members." This is what I would say instead: "This can cause a deaf individual to become frustrated and to take part in less family conversation. This can potentially result in weaker relationships between the hearing impaired individual and their immediate family members." Adriana As13sx (talk) 19:31, 3 November 2014 (UTC)
 * In terms of your referencing issue, I believe that has happened to me as well. I will further look into that to see if I can find a solution and I'll most definitely let you know if I'm successful. Adriana As13sx (talk) 19:36, 3 November 2014 (UTC)
 * Thank you for your editing suggestions Adriana! I just applied them to my sections of the article. I have asked around about the citation problem, however I am still unsure of how to fix this. I will continue to try and figure this out, and if I can't find out how I will ask Lynn during the break in our lecture tomorrow. Avery (talk) 21:18, 4 November 2014 (UTC)
 * I'm glad you took into account my suggestions. Really good work on the new section, Avery! Adriana As13sx (talk) 05:29, 5 November 2014 (UTC)
 * As for the referencing problem, I think (like you said) it is best if we ask Lynn tomorrow, just so we can definitely be on the safe side and make sure that it is done properly. Adriana As13sx (talk) 05:32, 5 November 2014 (UTC)

Assistive Devices/Technology
I had a little information about how hearing aids affect the self-esteem of those with hearing loss and I inputted it under the Hearing aids section under Management. I said how for some, the appearance of hearing aids do not bother them but for others, they feel it is embarrassing. Here is where we can see an additional obstacle that one with hearing loss has to face in the community whereas one without hearing loss does not. Example: Hearing adolescent girls worry about how their hair looks and if their make-up looks good-always trying to find the best look that will make them feel more confident. Now imagine how an adolescent girl with hearing loss may feel if they had to worry about all the things previously mentioned as well as having to wear a hearing aid. We may think it is no big deal, however it must be difficult for this girl to wear such a device in public, where it is rarely seen on others. This fear of being different may affect her self-esteem. Now I was just talking about a particular example, as there are so many other circumstances that could be evident. I just thought it was important to think about the personal and social struggles that result from wearing a hearing aid. It is difficult to place myself in such an individual’s shoes because I don’t know what it is like to actually live in a world where you cannot hear everything clearly. I think it is important to try and understand such a circumstance and that personally reflecting on things like this will help us, as future nurses (and even just as everyday humans) in terms of making the environment in which we interact with individuals with hearing loss more comfortable, patient and accepting. To continue with my edits, the first sentence, as previously indicated by another Wiki editor, has no source attached with it. I will search the internet for a reliable, secondary source and change up the sentence in there. Adriana As13sx (talk) 16:45, 30 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Hey all. I quickly did a bit of research and I found some information pertaining to hearing aids with a credible, secondary source. It is very brief and to the point-only a mere two sentences. I will cite it tomorrow either before or during our meeting. Adriana As13sx (talk) 06:04, 5 November 2014 (UTC)

I didn't add much to the assistive devices part because after reading the wiki through thoroughly, I realized most of the points I had from my source were already there! That being said, I did my best to include a few more devices that weren't there that I thought were important. I also changed the wording for a few things. Diana Tat (talk) 16:11, 1 November 2014 (UTC)
 * Hey it is quality not quantity! I think what you've mentioned and edited will greatly contribute to that section! I just noticed one thing in your last point and last sentence within that point that could be adjusted. Did you mean to say "TTYs can transmit messages to individuals who..."? What you have posted is TTYS, which may be mistaken by readers as an acronym for another device. I just want to ensure TTY is pluralized in the appropriate manner so that our article can be understandable and grammatically consistent. Adriana As13sx (talk) 20:04, 3 November 2014 (UTC)

Hi guys, sorry that i did not post anything until now. But, i went in and added some sentences under the "Communication in the workplace" about the way we can avoid having issues in the workplace with the hearing impaired. I thought that since that section was describing the way deaf people can feel in the workplace, and how they can be treated unfairly or felt left out that i should add a little positive to end it off. I talked about how everyone can complete sign language classes, and stated the most commonly used one, in hope that if there was actual conflict at work that people could read that part and maybe it would inspire them to take a class or classes in their spare time to resolve the issues. I then proceeded to add a paragraph on the end of "Communication with peers and in the community". Here i focused on children, and how they have to grow up dealing/coping with their deafness and how it can affect them, opposed to the rest of the article that focuses more on adults. I thought that we should put a little part about not only on how they cope but also on how they can join groups, and classes that provide them with interactions with children in their own situation and around their own age, etc. If you guys find this unnecessary then i am completely ok with getting rid of it, i just figured it may be good to focus on all age groups. I know i was supposed to focus more on the "communication in health-care", but it was very well written, and contained a lot of beneficial information, that i felt that if i added anything else i would be rambling on, and it would end up sounding choppy or repetitive. Overall, i think that having all the different kinds of sign languages and the major focus on communication in different areas will really make the article a better read, and more informational. I will read over the edits again and see if i can fix any thing, or add more, but as of right now i think it looks great. Keep me posted on my edits if we should keep them, or get rid of them. thanks everyone :) Kp13mn (talk) 20:12, 3 November 2014 (UTC)
 * Kayleen, I think what you have added to the Communication in the workplace section is a great asset. I like how you discussed how employees can take ASL classes in order to overcome communication barriers with hearing impaired individuals in the workplace. It finishes off the paragraph nicely. I do have a few editing suggestions for you. I think that if you changed your first sentence's structure to the following, it would flow better: "To avoid these situations in the workplace, individuals can take full-time or part-time sign language courses. In this way, they can become better able to communicate with the hearing impaired." I would suggest re-phrasing your last sentence as well. I think it sounds more clear if you were to say: "By completing sign language courses, it ensures that hearing impaired individuals feel a part of the workplace and have the ability to communicate with their co-workers and employer in the manner as other hearing employees do." In addition to such edits to these sentences, in your second sentence, you mention how most Canadians use the ASL language to communicate. Maybe you could state that more so as an example because it sounds as if you are specifically making reference to Canada in terms of communication barriers in the workplace. It may be better to sound more general so that multiple people in various other countries could relate. Also, one last thing, if you do incorporate that sentence, be sure to cite a source with it. Adriana As13sx (talk) 00:43, 4 November 2014 (UTC)
 * I've just read over your additional paragraph to the Communication with peers and in the community section. I think it is good that you incorporated some information regarding children, as it does diversify the age groups and give an understanding of how communication barriers affect all people. I've noticed some grammatical errors, as well as one to two sentences that seemed a bit unclear. If it is alright with you, can I go in and edit your paragraph? If you would like me to specify exactly what I would do, I am more than happy to. Adriana As13sx (talk) 01:05, 4 November 2014 (UTC)


 * Adriana, Thanks for all the editing and suggestions. I will be sure to fix up the sentences in the "Communication in the workplace" section later today. Yes, i give you permission to fix up the other paragraph lol, I'm sure you will make it much more fluent and diverse. Thanks once again for taking the time to reword particular lines to make my edits more clear and beneficial to the readers. Kp13mn (talk) 15:40, 4 November 2014 (UTC)
 * I think you contributions to the "Communication in the workplace" and "Communication with peers and family" are very good. Your information about avoiding these communication barriers in the workplace is important to include, as awareness of these communication barriers is not always enough to prevent them from happening. I am also glad that you elaborated more on the effect that hearing impairment has on a child's development. This is good information to add because, like Adriana said, it makes the article more diverse. It is also good for people to understand how greatly these communication barriers can affect a child's life, as well as shape their experiences with communication for the rest of their lives. Avery (talk) 21:27, 4 November 2014 (UTC)
 * Okay, great! I am going to go and fix it up right now! Adriana As13sx (talk) 05:36, 5 November 2014 (UTC)

Hi, guys. All the references look great! I have recently uploaded an image of a young child participating in sign language activities. I chose to put it in the same area as the paragraph I posted about the difficulties children encounter when being deaf. I thought it was a good place, and that to have a picture of a young child looking happy learning sign language would be beneficial and make the topic more welcoming. Kp13mn (talk) 20:44, 5 November 2014 (UTC)
 * Loving the picture!! Adriana As13sx (talk) 21:46, 5 November 2014 (UTC)

A message for everyone
Hey all! I would just like to tell everyone that I am very proud of the work we have done here on Wikipedia. I think our edits have made a really great contribution to the Hearing loss article. I am glad that I got to know you guys and was able to collaborate with you on this assignment. You all did a fantastic job! Adriana As13sx (talk) 23:18, 5 November 2014 (UTC)

Summary of our edits
Hello fellow peers! Below is a summary of the edits my group and I have completed for the Hearing loss article. Looking forward to hearing your feedback! Adriana As13sx (talk) 19:05, 6 November 2014 (UTC)

I’ve added an introductory paragraph to the new Communication barriers section we've created because I felt the section needed a paragraph that could briefly introduce the topic to the readers. Instead of just delving right into communication barriers within the other sections, it provides a foundation where the other sections build off from. Additionally, it is beneficial to understand the major personal barriers that hearing loss causes within individuals and how it affects their everyday interaction and communication with people. Adriana As13sx (talk) 19:05, 6 November 2014 (UTC)

I targeted the Sign language section under Society and culture because I thought it could use a bit of editing and expanding. In the first paragraph, I changed up a few of the words because I felt that the sentences lacked fluent structure. I did not drastically change the paragraph. I thought it would be in the benefit of the reader to have this section organized into different sub-sections, including The history of sign language, Multiple types of sign language and Communication methods. This makes the section easier to navigate.The history of sign language section is entirely new. I think it not only is interesting, but important to understand where the basis of sign language evolved from. You will notice that there is only one source cited at the end of the entire paragraph, in which that is the book where I have gotten all of my information from. Under the Multiple types of sign language section, I added the second paragraph of the original article. I also added an additional sentence that I felt was relevant to the information being discussed there. Additionally, I placed the third, original paragraph into the School section under Society and culture because the information being discussed in that paragraph is more relevant to schools than sign language. Under School, you will find this paragraph under a sub-section I’ve titled The first deaf schools. I think that this paragraph is to be the first one listed under the School section because it fits best with the paragraph order. Adriana As13sx (talk) 19:05, 6 November 2014 (UTC)

Under the Management section under Hearing aids, I was aware that a Wiki editor had requested that the sentence previously mentioned be coupled with a credible, secondary source. I took the initiative to research the basic definition of hearing aids and I replaced the original sentences with two new ones and I cited the source. In addition to this, I explained how hearing aids are relevant to a deaf individual’s self-esteem and how they affect their communication with others. I think it is good to understand how such a device can affect a person socially. Adriana As13sx (talk) 19:05, 6 November 2014 (UTC)

I have chosen to add a 'Communication barriers' section to this page, as it is relevant to the material that we are learning in our Communications course. I also felt that this information was important to include in the article because it allows someone who is reading the article to understand the common communication barriers experienced by deaf individuals, and how they affect major aspects of their life. After extensive research and collaboration, my group found that communication barriers most commonly affect a deaf individual’s communication with family, peers and the community, workplace, and in health care. Understanding the effect of communication barriers in these four areas is important because they are evident in the everyday interactions of an individual with hearing loss, and can therefore have a major impact on their life. Avery (talk) 05:05, 7 November 2014 (UTC)