User talk:Babygirlxoxocutie

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International Standard Book Number
Not to be confused with ICCU SBN. International Standard Book Number

A 13-digit ISBN, 978-3-16-148410-0, as represented by an EAN-13 bar code Acronym	ISBN Organisation	International ISBN Agency Introduced	1970; 51 years ago No. of digits	13 (formerly 10) Check digit	Weighted sum Example	978-3-16-148410-0 Website	isbn-international.org The International Standard Book Number (ISBN) is a numeric commercial book identifier which is intended to be unique.[a][b] Publishers purchase ISBNs from an affiliate of the International ISBN Agency.[1]

An ISBN is assigned to each separate edition and variation (except reprintings) of a publication. For example, an e-book, a paperback and a hardcover edition of the same book will each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is ten digits long if assigned before 2007, and thirteen digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007.[c] The method of assigning an ISBN is nation-specific and varies between countries, often depending on how large the publishing industry is within a country.

The initial ISBN identification format was devised in 1967, based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering (SBN) created in 1966. The 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO 2108 (the 9-digit SBN code can be converted to a 10-digit ISBN by prefixing it with a zero digit '0').

Privately published books sometimes appear without an ISBN. The International ISBN Agency sometimes assigns such books ISBNs on its own initiative.[3]

Another identifier, the International Standard Serial Number (ISSN), identifies periodical publications such as magazines and newspapers. The International Standard Music Number (ISMN) covers musical scores.

Contents 1	History 2	Overview 2.1	How ISBNs are issued 2.2	Registration group element 2.3	Registrant element 2.3.1	Pattern for English language ISBNs 3	Check digits 3.1	ISBN-10 check digits 3.2	ISBN-10 check digit calculation 3.3	ISBN-13 check digit calculation 3.4	ISBN-10 to ISBN-13 conversion 3.5	Errors in usage 3.6	eISBN 4	EAN format used in barcodes, and upgrading 5	See also 6	Notes 7	References 8	External links