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Economically Backward Class (EBCs) in India is a category of extremely poor people having an annual income less than Rs8 lakh(about 11,000 USD) and who do not belong to any reserved category such as SC/ST/OBC. They actually were General. If a past EBC now earns above the limit will be recognized as General category. Economically Backward Class (EBC) refer to only who was economically weaker in India.

The Union Government tabled the Constitution (One Hundred And Twenty-Fourth Amendment) Bill, 2019 which provided 10% additional quota for the economically weaker sections amongst the erstwhile unreserved category students. The definition of 'economicaly weaker sections' will be defined by the State from time to time.

The Government of India earlier did not provided any reservations to EBC There is a large percentage of the Indian population who live below the poverty line and belong to EBC. The eligibility to get EBC certificate is purely based on annual income and the limit has been set by the respective state government in which a person is domiciled. Economically Backward Class people get 10% reservation in education and government jobs of India similarly like OBC, SC , ST. Many political parties due to vote bank politics were earlier not doing enough to uplift EBC. There was a huge unrest among people, this unrest comes out in many ways including the form of anti-reservation agitations.


 * EBC certificate for different purposes:

EBC certificates can be used to avail the 10% reservation for the economically weaker sections in higher education and government jobs.

Current definition of economically weaker sections
a) People who own less than 5 acres of land.

b)His/her family income should be less than Rs 8 lakhs per annum

d)The person’s residential house should be below 1000 sq feets

d)The residential plot should be below 100 yards in a notified municipality area

e)The residential plot should be below 200 yards in a non-notified municipality area

Schemes for the Economically Backward Classes (EBCs):
Two schemes that are specifically designed for the weaker sections from the General Category are the Post-Matric Scholarship & Interest Subsidy on Educational Loans for Overseas Studies.

History
On 7 January 2019

The Union Cabinet has approved 10% reservation in jobs and educational institutions for the economically backward section in the general category, sources said on Monday. The section did not enjoy reservation as of now, the sources said. This would be over and above the existing 50% reservation. The government is likely to bring a constitutional amendment bill in Parliament on Tuesday. “The reservation will be given to those economically backward poor people who are not availing the benefit of reservation as of now,” a source said. The reservation benefit is likely to be availed by those whose annual income is below ₹8lakh and have up to five acres, the source said. Articles 15 and 16 of the Constitution will have to be amended for implementing the decision, the source added.

On 12 January 2019

The Economic Backward Reservation Bill which ensures 10 % reservations to the poor people in upper castes who were denied any kind of affirmative action previously is cleared by the President of India, Ram Nath Kovind. The EBC bill was cleared by Modi Cabinet and it was tabled in Lok Sabha,the Lower House of the Indian Parliament on 7th of January 2019 and it was passed on the same day. The EBC Bill was passed by Rajya Sabha, the Upper House of the Indian Parliament on the following day on 8th of January. President on 12th of January 2019 approved the Bill and a gazette released on this bill which turns into a Law. Gujarat is supposed to be the first state to enact this law on 14th of January 2019. An NGO 'Youth For Equality' has questioned and challenged the bill in the Apex court on grounds that it breaches the ceiling of 50% reservations set by Supreme Court of India, stating that it fully supports the reservations of the economic deprived section but wants it to be amalgated with the OBC quota which stands at 27%, thus not breaching the 50% cap set by the Apex Court. Leaders of the Backward classes have also decided to approach the Supreme Court over the issue. Several SC/ST groups have showed dissent over such economic based reservations to be provided to the poor people who don't fall under SC/ST/OBC/MOBC to get any facilities of the respective castes.