User talk:Bryan is a dog

=TRAINS=

C751A
Initiated in 1997 whilst MRT construction was ongoing, Contract 751A (C751A) for the procurement of rolling stock called for of 25 trainsets of six cars each. It was awarded to Alstom S.A. of France, where they were built in Valenciennes, France.

The trains were built as part of Alstom’s Metropolis family of urban EMU trains. They draw power from a 1500 V DC overhead catenary, unique to the North East Line as other Mass Rapid Transit lines in Singapore rely on the 750 V DC third rail for electrification. Running on Alstom’s Urbalis 300 CBTC system, these trains are fully automated (ATO GoA 4) and do not require an attendant on board. In emergency situations, trains can still be manually driven from each end.

Each 6-car train is actually two 3-car trainsets coupled together, each comprising of a Driving Trailer (DT) and two Motor Cars (Mp and Mi). The second and fifth cars of each train (Mp) are equipped with a pantograph.

History

These trains entered revenue service on 20 June 2003 with the opening of the 19.2-kilometre fully-underground North East Line between HarbourFront and Punggol.

To reduce the width of the platform gap, one train was trialed with an additional metal strip at the doorway. A successful trial to install additional handgrips at the centre of train cars eventually led to fleet-wide implementation.

Current Design The exterior of C751A trains was a mix of black at the top and white at the bottom, with a central orange and purple stripe running the length of the train. Small viewing windows at each end allow passengers a view of the tunnel.

All C751A trains are comprised of six cars with open gangway connections between all cars. Each car has eight doors, four on each side. The interior features longitudinal seating in uniform color scheme of purple and beige. Priority seats are located in every car, near the doors. Trains were also fitted with a Visual Passenger Information System (VPIS), with ceiling-mounted LED textual displays and LCD screens above the rows of seats. The LCD screens, formerly showing rail travel information and commercials, have since been switched off. Two Wheelchair Bays are located in the middle two cars of every C751A train, at doors 9 and 16.

Emergency Exits are located at both ends of every train, with a ramp that can be deployed in an emergency. Within the cabin, Emergency Communication Buttons (integrated with Door Unlock Handles) are located at the side of the train doors, enabling passengers to speak with staff or open the train doors in an emergency. Fire extinguishers are also placed in every car.

Mid-Life Upgrade In 2017, SBS Transit called for a tender to carry out Mid-Life Refurbishment and Upgrading for the 25 Alstom Metropolis C751A trains. These trains are the first-generation NEL trains and entered service in 2003. The 2017 SBS Transit Annual Report mentioned that works for the Contract would start in 2018 and the scope would include:

Redesign of air-conditioning and ventilation systems Renewal of critical components Installation of condition monitoring equipment to enhance train reliability and improve service recovery capabilities. With NEL transitioning to the New Rail Financing Framework (NRFF) on 1 April 2018, the Land Transport Authority (LTA) took over ownership of assets such as the Alstom Metropolis C751A Trains. On 17 December 2018, LTA awarded the Contract worth about $116.7 million to CRRC Nanjing Puzhen Co Ltd.

The contract scope awarded by LTA includes:

Installing a new condition monitoring system to monitor train performance more closely and facilitate better maintenance planning Upgrading trains’ air-conditioning, ventilation and passenger information systems for better functionality Replacing interior fittings of the trains, such as seats, panels and flooring, for more pleasant and comfortable rides Detailed inspections on all the mechanical and electrical systems for the trains, with parts repaired or replaced where necessary Works under the LTA awarded contract are scheduled to start in the 1st Quarter of 2019 and are expected to be completed by the 3rd Quarter of 2024. The trains will be renewed and upgraded one at a time at the Sengkang Train Depot. In what appears to be a delay, the first train was handed over to the tenderer only in August 2019.

Train Formation A six-car trainset is formed of two three-car sets permanently coupled together. Each set comprises one driving trailer (DT) and two motor cars (Mi and Mp). As such, the running configuration of a C751A trainset is DT–Mp–Mi–Mi–Mp–DT.

Every car is identified by a five digit number ranging from 7x001 to 7x050, where the first digit is always 7, and the second digit x is carriage identifier. The driving trailer is 1, followed by the second car using 2 and the third car using 3. The last three digits refer to the 3-car trainset of which the train is comprised of. SBS Transit’s 25 trains are actually 50 3-car trainsets coupled together in an even-odd arrangement, i.e. Set 7001/7002, Set 7003/7004 and on to Set 7049/7050.

As such, a sample Set 7049/7050 will contain the carriage numbers 71049-72049-73049-73050-72050-72050. Depending on the direction of travel, the sequence may be reversed. All sets were built by Alstom.

CURRENENT THERE IS NO ACCIDENT WITH THIS TRAIN

C751C
The Alstom Metropolis C751C is an electric multiple unit (EMU) train operating on the North East Line (NEL). Entering service in 2015, these were the North East Line’s second generation of rolling stock. These trains are an effort by LTA to increase the capacity of the North East Line by 70% during the peak hours.

Eighteen trainsets comprising six cars each were procured. They were manufactured from 2014 to 2016 by Shanghai Alstom Transport Co., Ltd. (a joint venture of Alstom and Shanghai Electric) in Shanghai, China.

The Alstom Metropolis C751C is an electric multiple unit (EMU) train operating on the North East Line (NEL). Entering service in 2015, these were the North East Line’s second generation of rolling stock. These trains are an effort by LTA to increase the capacity of the North East Line by 70% during the peak hours.

Eighteen trainsets comprising six cars each were procured. They were manufactured from 2014 to 2016 by Shanghai Alstom Transport Co., Ltd. (a joint venture of Alstom and Shanghai Electric) in Shanghai, China.

The exterior of C751C trains was a mix of black at the top and white at the bottom, with a central orange and purple stripe running the length of the train. The front of the train was sloped to create a streamlined look. Additionally, a large viewing window above the Emergency Exit Ramp gives more commuters a view of the tunnel.

All C751C trains are comprised of six cars with open gangway connections between all cars. Each car has eight doors, four on each side. The interior features longitudinal seating in uniform color scheme of purple. Priority seats (in red) are located in every car, near the doors. Trains were also fitted with a Visual Passenger Information System, with ceiling-mounted LED textual displays and Dynamic Route Map Displays above every door. LCD screens, formerly fitted to C751A trains, have no longer been supplied. Two Wheelchair Bays are located in the middle two cars of every C751C train, at doors 9 and 16.

Emergency Exits are located at both ends of every train, with a ramp that can be deployed in an emergency. Within the cabin, Emergency Communication Buttons (integrated with Door Unlock Handles) are located at the side of the train doors, enabling passengers to speak with staff or open the train doors in an emergency. Fire extinguishers are also placed in every car.

Train Formation A six-car trainset is formed of two three-car sets permanently coupled together. Each set comprises one driving trailer (DT) and two motor cars (Mi and Mp). As such, the running configuration of a C751A trainset is DT–Mp–Mi–Mi–Mp–DT.

Every car is identified by a five digit number ranging from 7x051 to 7x086, where the first digit is always 7, and the second digit x is carriage identifier. The driving trailer is 1, followed by the second car using 2 and the third car using 3. The last three digits refer to the 3-car trainset of which the train is comprised of. SBS Transit’s 18 trains are actually 108 3-car trainsets coupled together in an even-odd arrangement, i.e. Set 7051/7052, Set 7053/7054 and on to Set 7085/7086.

As such, a sample Set 7069/7070 will contain the carriage numbers 71069-72069-73069-73070-72070-72070. Depending on the direction of travel, the sequence may be reversed. All sets were built by Alstom Transport.

C851E
The Land Transport Authority (LTA)’s Contract 851E for the procurement of 17 additional electric multiple unit (EMU) trains for the North East Line and Circle Line was awarded to Alstom Transport for ~S$250 million in April 2018.

The new trains are the third-generation rolling stock for both the NEL and CCL, which will supplement previous generations of Alstom Metropolis rolling stock. They were procured ahead of the opening of the North East Line extension (1.7km, projected 2023) and the Circle Line Stage 6 (4.3km, projected 2025).

The trains are manufactured and assembled in Alstom’s manufacturing facility in Barcelona, Spain and progressively shipped to Singapore from 2020 for NEL and 2021 for CCL. Thereafter, trains would undergo testing and commissioning before they are put into service when the extensions open.

On 25 July 2019, LTA announced that they would be purchasing 12 new trains from Alstom, in addition to the 11 trains that were procured in April 2018 for Circle Line Stage 6

As the sole bidder for Contract 851E, Alstom Transport was awarded the contract. The trains were built as part of Alstom’s Metropolis family of urban EMU trains. While Contract 851E was originally offered solely for 11 Circle Line trains, the modified contract terms added 6 North East Line trains for a total of 17 trains (comprising a total of 69 trainsets).

With the new trains, the existing NEL fleet was expanded by 14% from 43 to 49 trains and the existing CCL fleet increased by 17% from 64 to 75 trains. While being awarded under the same contract, trains built for the NEL and CCL differ in technical specifications owing to different electrification used on both lines.

North East Line The 6 new trains will supplement the existing Alstom Metropolis C751A and Alstom Metropolis C751C trains on the NEL when the 1.7km long extension from Punggol to Punggol Coast opens in Year 2023.

The trains draw power from a 1500 V DC overhead catenary. They are fully automated (ATO GoA 4) and do not require an attendant on board. Each 6-car train (Formation: DT–Mp–Mi–Mi–Mp–DT) comprises two Driving Trailer (DT) cars at each end, and four Motor Cars (Mp and Mi). The second and fifth cars of each train (Mp) are equipped with a pantograph.

Circle Line The 11 new trains will supplement the existing Alstom Metropolis C830 and Alstom Metropolis C830C trains on the CCL when the 4.3km long extension from HarbourFront to Marina Bay opens in Year 2025.

The trains draw power from a 750 V DC bottom-contact third rail. They are fully automated (ATO GoA 4) and do not require an attendant on board. Each 3-car train (Formation: Mc1–Tc–Mc2) comprises two Motor Cars (Mc1 and Mc2) at each end, and an unpowered Trailer Car (Tc) in the middle.

Features To enable a more robust maintenance regime, all the new trains are equipped with condition monitoring systems to gather data from equipment on the trains. This enables continuous monitoring of the health of the equipment and allows the operator to carry out predictive maintenance for the trains. Current collector shoe sensors on the new CCL trains enables the operator to react promptly and take necessary measures if any dislodgement is detected.

In addition, two of the new CCL three-car trains are each fitted with an Automatic Track Inspection (ATI) System, which enables monitoring of the running rails, track equipment and sleepers while the trains are in operation. The ATI System supplements existing track inspection activities for timely and more effective identification of rail and trackside components which require maintenance.

The Alstom Metropolis C830 is an electric multiple unit (EMU) train operating on the Circle Line (CCL). Entering service in 2009, these were the Circle Line’s first generation of rolling stock.

Fourty trainsets comprising three cars each were procured. They were manufactured from 2006 to 2008 by Alstom S.A. in Valenciennes, France. The C830 trains were also the second train type in Singapore to utilize communication-based train control (CBTC) after the Alstom Metropolis C751A.

C830
Background Contract 830 (C830) for the procurement of rolling stock called for of 40 trainsets of three cars each. It was awarded to Alstom S.A. of France, where they were built in Valenciennes, France.

The trains were built as part of Alstom’s Metropolis family of urban EMU trains. They draw power from a 750 V DC bottom-contact third rail, similarly used on the North-South and East-West Lines. Despite being highly similar to the fully-underground North East Line, the 1500 V DC overhead catenary was not chosen. Running on Alstom’s Urbalis 300 CBTC system, these trains are fully automated (ATO GoA 4) and do not require an attendant on board.

Each 3-car train comprises of two Motor Cars (Mc1 and Mc2) at each end and an unpowered Trailer Car (Tc) in the middle.

History These trains entered revenue service on 28 May 2009 with the opening of the Circle Line (Stage 3) between Bartley and Marymount.

A successful trial to install additional three rows of handgrips at the centre of train cars eventually led to fleet-wide implementation.

Current Design The exterior of C830 trains was black, with a lower red band running the length of the train. The front of the train was sloped to create a streamlined look. Small viewing windows at each end allow passengers a view of the tunnel.

All C830 trains are comprised of three cars with open gangway connections between all cars. Each car has eight doors, four on each side. The interior features longitudinal seating in a different color scheme within each car, namely maroon, blue and green from front to rear. Priority seats are located in every car, near the doors. Trains were also fitted with a Visual Passenger Information System (VPIS), with ceiling-mounted LED textual displays. LCD screens, formerly fitted to C751A trains were no longer supplied. Two Wheelchair Bays are located in the middle two cars of every C830 train, at doors 5 and 8.

Emergency Exits are located at both ends of every train, with a ramp that can be deployed in an emergency. Within the cabin, Emergency Communication Buttons (integrated with Door Unlock Handles) are located at the side of the train doors, enabling passengers to speak with staff or open the train doors in an emergency. Fire extinguishers are also placed in every car.

Train Formation A three-car trainset is formed of two Motor Cars (Mc1 and Mc2) at each end and an unpowered Trailer Car (Tc) in the middle. As such, the running configuration of a C830 trainset is Mc1–Tc–Mc2. 40 trainsets are operated on the line, a total of 120 carriages.

Every car is identified by a four digit number ranging from 801x to 840x, where the last digit x is carriage identifier. Motor Car 1 uses 1, followed by the middle Trailer Car using 2 and the last Motor Car 2 using 3. Trainsets are identified by their first three digits, i.e. Set 801, Set 802 and on to Set 840.

As such, a sample Set 840 will contain the carriage numbers 8401-8402-8403. Depending on the direction of travel, the sequence may be reversed. All sets were built by Alstom.

C830C
The Alstom Metropolis C830C is an electric multiple unit (EMU) train operating on the Circle Line (CCL). Entering service in June 2015, these were the Circle Line’s second generation of rolling stock. These trains are an effort by LTA to increase the capacity of the Circle Line by 60% during the peak hours.

Twenty-four trainsets comprising three cars each were procured. They were manufactured from 2014 to 2015 by Shanghai Alstom Transport Co., Ltd. (a joint venture of Alstom and Shanghai Electric) in Shanghai, China.

Background Contract 830C (C830C) for the procurement of rolling stock called for of 24 trainsets of three cars each, at a value of $134 million. They were built by Shanghai Alstom Transport in Shanghai, China.

The trains were built as part of Alstom’s Metropolis family of urban EMU trains and are similar to the older C830 trains on the Circle Line. They draw power from a 750 V DC bottom-contact third rail, similarly used on the North-South and East-West Lines. Running on Alstom’s Urbalis 300 CBTC system, these trains are fully automated (ATO GoA 4) and do not require an attendant on board.

Each 3-car train comprises of two Motor Cars (Mc1 and Mc2) at each end and an unpowered Trailer Car (Tc) in the middle.

History These trains entered revenue service in June 2015.

Current Design The exterior of C830C trains is black, with a lower red band running the length of the train. The front of the train was sloped to create a streamlined look. Additionally, a large viewing window above the Emergency Exit Ramp gives more commuters a view of the tunnel.

All C830C trains are comprised of three cars with open gangway connections between all cars. Each car has eight doors, four on each side, with rubber strips at the bottom to reduce the platform-train gap. The interior features longitudinal seating in a different color scheme within each car, namely yellow, khaki and dark blue from front to rear. Priority seats are in red, located in every car near the doors. Trains were also fitted with a Visual Passenger Information System (VPIS), with ceiling-mounted LED textual displays and Dynamic Route Map Displays above every door. Two Wheelchair Bays are located in the middle two cars of every C830C train, at doors 5 and 8.

Emergency Exits are located at both ends of every train, with a ramp that can be deployed in an emergency. Within the cabin, Emergency Communication Buttons (integrated with Door Unlock Handles) are located at the side of the train doors, enabling passengers to speak with staff or open the train doors in an emergency. Fire extinguishers are also placed in every car.

Train Formation A three-car trainset is formed of two Motor Cars (Mc1 and Mc2) at each end and an unpowered Trailer Car (Tc) in the middle. As such, the running configuration of a C830 trainset is Mc1–Tc–Mc2. 24 trainsets are operated on the line, a total of 72 carriages.

Every car is identified by a four-digit number ranging from 861x to 864x, where the last digit x is carriage identifier. Motor Car 1 uses 1, followed by the middle Trailer Car using 2 and the last Motor Car 2 using 3. Trainsets are identified by their first three digits, i.e. Set 841, Set 842 and on to Set 864.

As such, a sample Set 864 will contain the carriage numbers 8641-8642-8643. Depending on the direction of travel, the sequence may be reversed. All sets were built by Alstom Transport.

Accidents & Incidents In August and November 2016, intermittent signalling issues caused by unknown signal interference resulted in widespread disruptions to the Circle Line. As trains lost communication with the CBTC network, the emergency brakes were activated as a safety feature, causing trains to stop randomly along the track, and such incidents appeared to happen at random. Eventually, the fault was identified as Trainset 846 (or Passenger Vehicle 46, PV46) whose faulty signalling hardware was emitting erroneous signals that disrupted signals to and from other trains, including those travelling in the opposite direction.

=TRAINS=

NORTH EAST LINE
The North East Line (NEL) is an underground, driverless, high-capacity MRT line and the third rail line in Singapore, running from Central Singapore to the North East regions. The line is currently 19.2km long with 16 stations, from HarbourFront (NE1) to Punggol (NE17).

When opened, the NEL was the first fully automated underground heavy rail line in the world, utilizing a radio-based CBTC signalling system. Operating in six-car formations, the rolling stock is based out of the at-grade Sengkang Depot, located just off Sengkang East Avenue.

The North-East Line extension (NELe) will add an additional station (NE18 Punggol Coast) in the Punggol Downtown area by 2023. This was brought forward by 7 years based on the initially planned 2030 timeframe.

Technical Details:

Unique to the North East Line is the use of a 1500V DC overhead catenary wires for electrification. Other MRT lines in Singapore use a bottom-contact third rail electrified at 750 V DC. Overhead conductor rails were installed on the NELe in place of overhead catenary wires.

The station code NE2 is unused, reserved for a possible future station between NE1 HarbourFront and NE3 Outram Park.

Train Stations

NE1CC29 HarbourFront

NE3EW16 Outram Park

NE4DT19 Chinatown

NE5 Clarke Quay

NE6NS24CC1 Dhoby Ghaut

NE7DT12 Little India

NE8 Farrer Park

NE9 Boon Keng

NE10 Potong Pasir

NE11 Woodleigh

NE12CC13 Serangoon

NE13 Kovan

NE14 Hougang

NE15 Buangkok

NE16STC Sengkang

NE17PTC Punggol

By Year 2023:

NE18 Punggol Coast

Timeline & History 20 Jun 2003: Opening of the full North East Line, except Woodleigh and Buangkok stations 15 Jan 2006: Buangkok station opens 20 Jun 2011: Woodleigh station opens 2023: North East Line Extension to Punggol Coast

NEL2 is still unknown but likely to be named kampong barhu along west road and keppel verdict

The North East Line was planned to link the Northeastern housing estates of Serangoon and Hougang to the City while improving rail connections in the City around the Clarke Quay, Chinatown and Outram Park areas. It would also support the rapidly developing new towns of Sengkang and Punggol.

The groundbreaking ceremony was held on 25 November 1997 and the line was fully completed on 20 January 2001. SBS Transit (formerly Singapore Bus Service) was also chosen to operate the line, to break the SMRT monopoly over rail transport in Singapore. Intended to open in December 2002, technical issues with the automation delayed the opening to 20th June 2003. Slightly higher fares were implemented to compensate for the higher construction costs.

Following the opening of the North East Line, large-scale bus rationalisation was carried out to reduce route duplication. As a result, many Upper Serangoon Road services from Serangoon / Hougang South / Hougang / Sengkang / Punggol were amended or withdrawn entirely, with the notable exception of Bus Service 147.

The line opened with Woodleigh and Buangkok stations closed, intended to be opened at a later date when the surrounding areas are more developed. Public pressure lead to Buangkok station opening on 15 January 2006 despite low passenger numbers. Subsequently, Woodleigh station opened on 20 June 2011 as more developments emerged in the area.

North East Line Extension (NELe) The North East Line Extension (NELe) was first announced on 17 January 2013 to serve the upcoming Punggol Downtown, with a projected commencement date at 2030. On 7 June 2017, it was announced that the extension will be 1.6-kilometres long with a single station, Punggol Coast, serving the Northshore District, Punggol Point District, Punggol Digital District and the Singapore Institute of Technology’s new campus.

CIRCLE LINE
The Circle Line (CCL) is an underground, driverless, medium-capacity MRT line and the fourth rail line in Singapore, running an orbital route through residential areas and linking all radial routes leading to the city. The line is currently 35.5 km long with 30 stations, running from Dhoby Ghaut (CC1) to HarbourFront (CC29) via Serangoon. A separate branch line known as the Circle Line Extension links Promenade (CC4) to Marina Bay (CE2) via Bayfront (CE1).

The line is also the first medium-capacity rail line in Singapore, with trains operating in a three-car formation, half as long as the usual six-car formation used on previous lines. The rolling stock is based out of Kim Chuan Depot, touted as the largest fully-underground train depot in the world.

Currently, Circle Line Stages 1 to 5 and the Circle Line Extension is in operation. A future line extension, the ‘Circle Line Stage 6‘ will complete the Circle Line, closing the circular route between HarbourFront and Marina Bay with 3 additional stations and scheduled for completion in 2025.

Timeline & History 28 May 2009: Opening of Circle Line Stage 3, with trains running between Bartley and Marymount stations

17 Apr 2010: Opening of Circle Line Stages 1 & 2, with trains running between Dhoby Ghaut and Marymount stations

8 Oct 2011: Opening of Circle Line Stages 4 & 5, with trains running between Dhoby Ghaut and HarbourFront stations

14 Jan 2012: Opening of Circle Line Extenision, connecting Promenade to Marina Bay via Bayfront

The Circle Line was planned as an orbital line linking all existing rail lines, allowing commuters to transfer between rail lines while avoiding the city centre, with interchanges at Paya Lebar, Serangoon, Bishan and Buona Vista. The southern reaches of the line would connect to the City centre. Construction work began in 2002-2003 and the line was constructed in 5 stages, along with Kim Chuan Depot, a fully underground train depot providing maintenance and stabling facilities for the Circle Line running stock.

Originally scheduled to open progressively from 2006 till 2010, the Nicoll Highway collapse of 2004 delayed the opening of Stages 1 and 2, resulting in the unaffected Stage 3 opening for revenue service first in 28 May 2009. A new Nicoll Highway station, two-thirds the size of the original station, was built a short distance away from the old station. Stages 1 and 2 eventually opened on 17 Apr 2010, opening up new connections to the Bras Basah and Marina Centre area.

Stages 4 & 5 opened a year later, on 8 Oct 2011, bringing the line to HarbourFront. Caldecott and Haw Par Villa stations, previously planned as shell stations, were built as normal stations and opened along with the rest of the line. That left Bukit Brown as the only remaining shell station on the Circle Line, awaiting future developments in the Bukit Brown area. Presently, its facilities are used as emergency escape shafts.

Train Stations CC1NS24NE6 Dhoby Ghaut

CC2 Bras Basah

CC3 Esplanade

CC4DT15 Promenade

CC5 Nicoll Highway

CC6 Stadium

CC7 Mountbatten

CC8 Dakota

CC9EW8 Paya Lebar

CC10DT26 MacPherson

CC11 Tai Seng

CC12 Bartley

CC13NE12 Serangoon

CC14 Lorong Chuan

CC15NS17 Bishan

CC16 Marymount

CC17 Caldecott

CC18 Bukit Brown (Unopened Shell Station)

CC19DT9 Botanic Gardens

CC20 Farrer Road

CC21 Holland Village

CC22EW21 Buona Vista

CC23 one-north

CC24 Kent Ridge

CC25 Haw Par Villa

CC26 Pasir Panjang

CC27 Labrador Park

CC28 Telok Blangah

CC29NE1 Harbourfront

CE1DT16 Bayfront

CE2NS27 Marina Bay

Circle Line Stage 6 stations (by Year 2025):

CC30 Keppel

CC31 Cantonment

CC32 Prince Edward Road

Station Code Change for Circle Line Stage 6

In the Future Network Map (March 2020 version) by the Land Transport Authority, the station codes for both Bayfront and Marina Bay are indicated as CC34DT16 and CC33NS27TE20 respectively, indicating that the new station codes will take effect after the opening of Circle Line Stage 6.

Speedy deletion nomination of User:Bryan is a dog


Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. A tag has been placed on User:Bryan is a dog requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section U5 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the page appears to consist of writings, information, discussions, and/or activities not closely related to Wikipedia's goals. Please note that Wikipedia is not a free web hosting service. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, such pages may be deleted at any time.

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