User talk:Cameronpage25/sandbox

Potential sources
-1) http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?sid=1d958144-4f2f-45a9-befd-8823f45480f8%40sessionmgr112&vid=5&hid=105&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=cja&AN=59995187                Race and Civil Asset Forfeiture: A Disparate Impact Hypothesis. Authors: Murphy, Mary Source: Texas Journal on Civil Liberties & Civil Rights. Fall2010, Vol. 16 Issue 1, p77-100. 24p. Document Type: Article Subject Terms: CIVIL rights ASSET forfeiture PHARMACEUTICAL industry -- United States Geographic Terms: UNITED States Company/Entity: INSTITUTE for Justice (Organization) UNITED States. Dept. of Justice      This source is from the Weber State Library. Abstract: The article discusses the institutional reform law of civil asset forfeiture which enforces social and racial minorities in the U.S. The author emphasized that the theory behind the forfeiture provisions of law enforcement agencies targeted the withdrawal capital and funds of producers and dealers in drug trade. It states that the Institute for Justice has adjusted with the Department of Justice's Asset Forfeiture Program for acquiring justices in criminal conviction. Cameronpage25 (talk) 17:11, 3 October 2014 (UTC)

-2)http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?sid=1d958144-4f2f-45a9-befd-8823f45480f8%40sessionmgr112&vid=9&hid=105&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=cja&AN=26436 Theorising Asset Forfeiture in Ireland. Authors: Campbell, Liz1 liz.campbell@abdn.ac.uk Source: Journal of Criminal Law. Oct2007, Vol. 71 Issue 5, p441-460. 20p. Document Type: Article Subject Terms: ASSET forfeiture JUSTICE administration FORFEITURE ORGANIZED crime prevention IRELAND. Criminal Assets Bureau Geographic Terms: IRELAND

This source touches mainly on Asset Forfeiture in Ireland and gives a deeper understanding of the topic at an international level. Cameronpage25 (talk) 17:22, 3 October 2014 (UTC)

http://search.proquest.com/criminaljusticeperiodicals/docview/204128766/6206BC0AE61E4CE0PQ/1?accountid=14940 More things on Asset Forfeiture by the FBI on how to organize it. Cameronpage25 (talk) 17:10, 24 October 2014 (UTC)

Introduction Addition about the History
Congress has incrementally expanded the government's authority to disrupt and dismantle criminal enterprises and their money laundering activities since the early 1970's. They have done this by enacting various anti-money laundering and forfeiture laws such as the RICO act, of 1970, and the US Patriot Act, of 2001.

http://search.proquest.com/criminaljusticeperiodicals/docview/206260496/D8AE88F796EF470FPQ/6?accountid=14940 International Asset Forfeiture and the Constitution: The Limits of Forfeiture Jurisdiction Over Foreign Assets Under 28 U.S.C. § 1355(b)(2) Linn, Courtney J. American Journal of Criminal Law31.2 (Spring 2004): 251-303. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Cameronpage25 (talk • contribs) 17:26, 24 October 2014 (UTC)

old intro
Asset forfeiture or asset seizure is a form of confiscation of assets by the state, pursuant to law. It typically applies to the alleged proceeds or instrumentalities[Note 1] of crime. Some jurisdictions specifically use the term "confiscation" instead of forfeiture. Civil and administrative asset forfeiture, or forfeiture without a conviction and sometimes in the absence of evidence, both draw major criticism. Congress has incrementally expanded the government's authority to disrupt and dismantle criminal enterprises and their money laundering activities since the early 1970's. They have done this by enacting various anti-money laundering and forfeiture laws such as the RICO act, of 1970, and the US Patriot Act, of 2001.

revised intro
Asset forfeiture is

Civil Asset Forfeiture Reform Act of 2000
http://search.proquest.com/docview/449666460/9F7AFDE665D9459APQ/4?accountid=14940 (1) The bill "requires that if a property owner challenges a seizure, the federal government must prove by clear and convincing evidence that property is "guilty" (subject to forfeiture). (2) The bill allows judges to order property released pending final disposition of forfeiture cases if continued possession by the government would cause the property owners substantial hardship. (3) The bill allows judges to appoint counsel for indigents in civil forfeiture proceedings. (4) The bill eliminates the requirement that a property owner file a 10% cost bond to challenge the seizure of property. (5) The bill provides a uniform innocent owner defense. (6) The bill allows a property owner to sue the government for the destruction of seized property while in the government's possession. (7) The bill increases the time period a property owner has to challenge a civil forfeiture. (8) The bill awards interest to a property owner who is successful in winning money back."

(Make Sure To Paraphrase) Source #1 http://search.proquest.com/docview/451001708/9F7AFDE665D9459APQ/2?accountid=14940

Fraternal Order of Police National President Gilbert A. Gallegos said, "This legislation reaffirms the importance of law enforcement's use of forfeiture to help win the war against crime and drugs."

Gallegos also cited, "the effectiveness of asset forfeiture in helping to rid America's communities from the scourge of crime and drugs and as a deterrent to young people considering a life of crime."

"Not only can we put criminals and drug dealers behind bars, but we can ensure that neither they, nor their families, will be allowed to live a life luxury off of a criminal's ill-gotten gains," Gallegos said. "It's hard to be an example of criminal prosperity when your expensive car and fancy jewelry are the property of the U.S. Government."

Can you get your assets back?
http://search.proquest.com/docview/449666460/9F7AFDE665D9459APQ/4?accountid=14940 forfeit your property. Property can be forfeited even if you are acquitted. Even better, the government doesn't even have to charge you with a crime. All the government need do to seize and confiscate your property is establish that probable cause existed to believe that the property was involved in some crime -- for instance, that it facilitated a crime or represents its proceeds. Probable cause, the same minimal standard needed by a policeman to justify a mere search. Once the government does this, you can only get your property back by going to court and either proving a negative, that your property was not involved in a crime, or establishing some allowed affirmative defense." Cameronpage25 (talk) 19:19, 14 November 2014 (UTC)
 * "The government does not have to convict you of a crime to civilly