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AN INVENTION OF NATURAL FIBER REINFORCED POLYMER COMPOSITE MATERIAL FOR BONE IMPLANT

D.Chandramohan* Anna University of Technology Coimbatore, Coimbatore, India Mobile: +91-9994116596 Fax: +91-434-261573
 * Ph.D., Research scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering,
 * Email: mail_2_cm@yahoo.com

K. Marimuthu# Coimbatore Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, India Mobile: +91-9486587225 Fax: +91-422-2575020
 * 1) Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering,
 * 1) Email: kmcit@yahoo.co.uk

Abstract The present invention  relates to an artificial bone implant its application in bone grafting and the method of manufacturing. In particularly, the present invention relates to an artificial bone implant plate comprising a natural fiber reinforced polymer composite material in a homogenous matrix. The bone implant has improved tensile, flexural and impact strength, is lightweight, allow stiffness, is biocompatible and is adaptable to be fabricated and designed precisely. This implies a perfect on the desired location in case of a bone fracture. This invention concentrates on the biomaterials progress in the field of orthopaedics.Emphasising on the effort to utilize the advantages offered by renewable resources for the development of biocomposite materials based on biopolymers and natural fibers, this research work focuses on fabrication of natural fiber powdered material (Sisal (Agave sisalana), Banana (Musa sepientum) and Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) reinforced polymer composite plate material with bio epoxy resin as a replacement for orthopaedics alloys such as Titanium, Cobalt chrome, Stainless steel and Zirconium and this plate material can be used for both internal fixation and external fixation  on fractured bone. Keywords: Agave sisalana; Musa sepientum; Hibiscus sabdariffa; Bone; Bio Epoxy Resin.

World Wide Patent Search Prior art of Patent Application No US2010191346 titled “BONE IMPLANT”, [1] A bone implant derived from natural bone tissue material, wherein the bone implant is substantially free of non-fibrous tissue proteins, cells and cellular elements and lipids or lipid residues and comprises collagen displaying original collagen fiber architecture and molecular ultra structure of the natural bone tissue material from which it is derived Another prior art of Patent Application No US5336465 titled “METHOD OF MAKING BONE-IMPLANTS”, [2] refers to a slurry compound prepared by a sintering powdery material and a binder is press-molded to obtain a contour for the final product applicable to a bone-implant such as hip prosthesis. The molded body is given a programmed movement of rotation and/or swinging to impart a centrifugal force to the sintering particles which direct toward the inner wall of the mold cavity. The final product obtained after sintering has a hollow interior having no communication to the external environment. Imparting conditions of rotating/swinging movement may be changed or programmed in order to achieve a desired structure or constitution of the final product. For instance, larger particles concentrate near the inner wall of the mold to provide a rough, porous surface of the body, whereas it has a dense core consisting mainly of sintered fine particles. A hip prosthesis having a ceramic-rich femoral head and a metal-rich stem may also be produced by so programming the movement imparting conditions in the prescribed manner Another prior art of Patent Application No EP0442256 titled “BONE IMPLANT”, [3] describes bone implant design is proposed in which the implant consists of a main body, in particular of a core and unidirectional fibers which is surrounded by a fiber latticework .The fiber latticework consists of a raised fiber portion in order to maintain the structuring of the latticework on the surface of the fiber netting. The adhesion of the bone material to the implant is promoted by the structured surface. Another prior art of Patent Application No WO8600533 titled “BONE IMPLANT”, [4] An implant article for treatment in reconstructive surgery of damage caused to bony material, said article comprising a composite of fiber material which may or may not be bio-degradable and is incorporated in a porous matrix of a bio-degradable organic polymer material.

OBJECTIVE OF THE INVENTION The principal objective of the present invention is to provide an artificial bone implant from natural fiber reinforced composite material such that the bone implant is adapted to be fabricated and designed precisely, for perfect fitting on the desired location in a bone fracture. Another objective of the present invention is to provide an artificial bone implant from renewable resources such that the bone implant is lightweight, allow stiffness is biocompatible. Further the present invention aims to providing an artificial bone implant from natural fiber reinforced composite material, which has substantial tensile, flexural and impact strength. It is a further object of the present invention to provide an artificial bone implant which is less complicated to design without compromising on its quality standards and efficiency. It is a further object of the present invention to provide an artificial bone implant which is cost effective and easy to manufacture. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method of manufacturing an artificial bone implant from natural fiber reinforced composite material such that, the bone implant is adapted to be fabricated and designed precisely, for perfect fitting on the desired location in a bone fracture. The process of foregoing objects are achieved will be clear from the following non-limiting exemplary description.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides an artificial bone implant for its application in bone grafting, comprising a combination of natural fibers and hybrid fibers reinforced to form a biocompatible composite material in a homogenous matrix, and adapted to be fabricated to form the desired shape and size, said natural fibers having optimum proportions of banana fiber, sisal fiber and roselle fiber and hybrids of the said natural fibers, such as described here. In accordance with the preferred embodiments of the bone implant of the present invention: •	Hybrids comprises optimum proportions of sisal fiber and roselle fiber, banana fiber and sisal fiber and banana fiber and roselle fiber; •	 Sisal fiber is derived from Agave sisalana, said banana fiber is derived from Musa sapientum and said roselle fiber is derived from Hibiscus sabdariffa; •	 Matrix comprises calculated quantity of bio epoxy resin and hardener resin; •	 Bone implant is a natural fiber reinforced polymer composite plate material in bio     epoxy resin and hardener resin; •	 Implant has a coating of calcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite(hybrid) composite for internal and external fixation on fractured bone; •	Implant is adapted to have the desired substantial tensile, flexural and impact strength and is adapted to be fabricated and designed precisely, for perfect fitting on the desired location in a bone fracture. The present invention also provides a method for manufacturing an artificial bone implant for its application in bone grafting, implant comprising a combination of natural fibers and hybrid fibers reinforced homogenously in a matrix to form a biocompatible composite material, and fabricated to form the desired shape and size, natural fibers having optimum proportions of banana fiber, sisal fiber and roselle fiber and hybrids of natural fibers, such as herein described method involving: a) Creating the desired mold; b) Applying a releasing agent over a suitable sheet and fitting the same with the inner side of the mold and drying the same; c) Adding calculated quantity of matrix material and hardener such as herein described in a suitably cleaned container and stirring the same for a suitable duration so as to create a homogenous mixture; d) Adding calculated quantity of said fibers with simultaneous stirring for a suitable duration; e) Pouring the mixture so obtained into the mold and ramming mildly for uniform settlement; f) Solidifying the mold. In accordance with preferred embodiments of the method of the present invention: Fibers are cleaned in running water, dried in normal shading for 2-3 hours, followed by soaking in a solution comprising 6% NaOH and 80% distilled water. Method of soaking the fibers are carried out at different intervals depending upon the desired strength to be achieved, followed by washing the fibers in running water and drying the same thereafter after each step of soaking. Bone implant is a natural fibre reinforced polymer composite material in bio epoxy resin and hardener resin and step (e). Method further includes, calculating the predicted thrust force and torque values of said natural fiber reinforced polymer composite material depending upon requirement and comparing values with the regression model and the scheme delamination factor/zone applying machine vision system.

Non-Limiting advantages of the invention 1.	The invention of natural fiber reinforced composite material is of light weight, allows    stiffness and is biocompatible with humans. 2.	The invention of natural fiber reinforced composite material is used for internal and external fixation on human body for fractured bone. 3.	The chemical treatment of the composite material also enhances the rigidity of the fibers. 4.	These natural fibers are used as a suitable reinforcing material to satisfy the environmental and they are now fastly emerging as a potential alternative for orthopaedics alloys.

Conclusion This invention focuses on the mechanical properties of natural fibers that are used for bone grafting substitutes   which are now becoming a great challenge for biomedical engineers. This paper emphasis the enhanced property of natural fiber as bone implants. It is a challenge to the creation of better materials for the improvement of life quality. This paper proposed suggestions of using Natural fiber reinforced composite as a plate material which uses pure natural fibers that are rich in medicinal properties like Sisal, Banana & Roselle (hybrid) fiber. The most important thing that the researchers have to take into account is that these step taken now, will help the mankind to develop and to have a more pleasant life.

References [1]	Bloor Stephen, Proffitt Joanne Louise, Armitage paul, Dawson Christine Elizabeth; Bone implant .US2010191346. [2]	Janome sewing machine co ltd, Terumo corp. , Matsunaga noboru , Azeyanagi kazuyoshi , Sogaishi ichirou , Katakura takeo , Ueda yoshihisa , Ohsawa takaaki ;Method of making bone-implants. US5336465. [3]	Man technologie gmbh, Wenner ulrich dipl-ing, Dierl Rudolf; Bone implant. EP0442256. [4]	Univ groningen, Leenslag jan willem , Pennings albert johan , Beth rene pieter hendrick , Jansen henricus wilhelm bernha ;Bone implant.WO8600533.

PAPERS PUBLISHED IN JOURNALS/CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS

1.	Chandramohan.D and Dr.K.Marimuthu, “Natural Fiber Bone Plates as Substitutes for Orthopaedic Alloy Plates” accepted in Proceedings of the Acta Biologica Indica,2012

2.	Chandramohan.D and Dr.K.Marimuthu, “Drilling of natural fiber particle reinforced polymer composite material” published in Proceedings of the International Journal of advanced Engineering Research and studied, October-December 2011, Vol. 1, Issue 1, pp.134-145

3.	Chandramohan.D and K.Marimuthu,” A research review on natural fibers” published in Proceedings of the International Journal of current Research, November 2011, Vol. 3, Issue 11, pp.331-337. [IF:0.525]

4.	Chandramohan.D and Dr.K.Marimuthu, “Humerus bone development throughCT/CAD/RPT” published in Proceedings of the International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, November 2011, Vol. 1, Issue 4, pp.1256-1261

5.	Chandramohan.D and Dr.K.Marimuthu, “Rapid prototyping/rapid tooling – A over view and its applications in orthopaedics” published in Proceedings of the International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology, October-December, 2011, Volume 2 issue 4, pp 435-448

6.	Chandramohan.D and Dr.K.Marimuthu “A Review on Natural Fibers”, published in Proceedings of the International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences, Auguest 2011, Volume 8 issue 2, pp-194-206.

7.	Chandramohan.D and Dr.K.Marimuthu, “Application of LabVIEW on Material Testing” published in Proceedings of the International Journal of Engineering Studies, Volume 3, Number 2 (2011), pp. 87-94.

8.	Chandramohan.D and Dr.K.Marimuthu, “Bio Composite Materials Based on Bio Polymers And Natural Fibers -Contribution As Bone Implant” published in Proceedings of the International Journal Of Advanced Medical Sciences And Applied Research, June 2011, Volume 1 issue 1 pp-009-012

9.	Chandramohan.D and Dr.K.Marimuthu "Natural fiber particle reinforced composite material for bone implant" published in Proceedings of the European Journal of Scientific Research, June2011, Volume54, issue3, pp-384-406. [IFSNIP Value: 0.047 IFSJR Value: 0.034]

10.	Chandramohan.D and Dr.K.Marimuthu “Natural Fiber Bone Plates-A Worldwide Patent Search Report, published in Proceedings of the International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, May 2011,Volume 3 No 5,pp 3663- 3669. [IC™ Value: 3.14]

11.	Chandramohan.D and Dr.K.Marimuthu “Tensile and Hardness Tests on Natural Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite Material” published in Proceedings of the International Journal of Advanced Engineering Sciences and Technologies, May 2011, Volume 6, issue 1, pp-97-104. [IC™ Value: 4.79]

12.	Chandramohan.D and Dr.K.Marimuthu, “Characterization of natural fibers and its application in bone grafting substitutes” published in Proceedings of the Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics, Vol. 13, No. 1, 2011,pp-77-84 [IC™ Value: 3.00] IFSNIP Value: 0.128 IFSJR Value: 0.040]

13.	Chandramohan.D and Dr.K.Marimuthu, “Thrust Force, Torque In Drilling The Natural Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite Materials And Evaluate Delamination Factor For Bone Graft Substitutes -A Work of Fiction Approach” published in Proceedings of the International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, Dec’2010 Vol. 2(10), pp - 6437-6451.[ IC™ Value: 3.14]

14.	Chandramohan.D et.al, “Applications of CT/CAD/RPT in the Futurestic Development of Orthopaedics and Fabrication of Plate and Screw Material from Natural Fiber Particle Reinforced Composites for Humerus Bone Fixation – A Future Drift” published in proceedings of Malaysian Journal of Educational Technology, Dec’2010 Volume 10, No 2, pp 73-81.

15.	Chandramohan.D and Dr.K.Marimuthu, “Contribution of Biomaterials to Orthopaedics as Bone Implants – A Review” published in Proceedings of the International Journal of Materials Science, June 2010, Vol.5, No. 3, pp 445-463.

16.	Chandramohan.D et.al, “Application of Advanced Design and Development Techniques in Orthopaedics” published in Proceedings of the International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, May 2010, Vol.5, No. 9, pp 1653-1666. [IC™ Value: 4.07]

17.	Chandramohan.D and Dr.K.Marimuthu “Comparison of Mathematical Model for the Prediction of Deflection and Flexural Rigidity on NFRP Composite Material - Application In Bone Grafting Substitutes” accepted in Proceedings of the Journal of Advances in Developmental Research.

18.	Chandramohan.D and Dr.K.Marimuthu, “Applications of Natural Fiber Composites for Replacement of Orthopaedic Alloys” published in Proceedings of International Conference on Nano Science, Engineering and Technology, pp.164-172,November 2011.

19.	Chandramohan.D and Dr.K.Marimuthu, “Applications of Natural Fiber Composites for Replacement of Orthopaedic Alloys” published in IEEE International Conference on Nano Science, Engineering and Technology, pp.137-145,November 2011.

20.	Chandramohan.D and Dr.K.Marimuthu, “Natural Fiber Bone Plates as Substitutes  for Ti6al4v Plates: A Comparative Study”in International Symposium for Research Scholars on Metallurgy, Materials Science and Engineering (ISRS-2010), page 129 Organized by IIT Madras, on December 20 – 22, 2010.

21.	Chandramohan.D and Dr.K.Marimuthu, “Application of engineering in futuristic development of orthopaedics using FEA/CT/CAD/RPT” in Proceedings of Sixth International Conference on Precision,Meso,Micro,and Nano Engineering (COPEN6), Organized by PSG Tech., Coimbatore on December 11-12, 2009.

22.	Chandramohan.D et.al, “Study on stress aspects of humerus Bone on fixation of plate using Finite Element Analysis” in Proceedings of International Conference on Total Engineering, Analysis and Manufacturing Technologies (Team Tech 2008), page 24 Organized by IISc Bangalore, on September 22 – 24 ,2008.

23.	Chandramohan.D et.al. “Stress analysis of humeral shaft Fracture and fixation plate and its effect on vertebrae” in Proceedings of International Conference on Digital Factory (ICDF 2008),page 532, Organized by Coimbatore Institute of Technology, Coimbatore on August 11-13,2008.

24.	Chandramohan.D and K.Marimuthu “Application Of Engineering In The Futurestic Development Of Orthopaedics Using FEA/CT/CAD/CAM/RPT/Lab VIEW” in Felicitation function in honour of Er.G.PRABHAKAR,President, IEI [INDIA] and presentation of R&D Grant 2010-2011 on 18.01.2011 organized by NATIONAL DESIGN AND RESEARCH FORUM at sir M V ADITORIUM,IEI-KSC,Bangalore.

25.	Chandramohan.D and K.Marimuthu, “Natural Fiber Bone Plates as Substitutes for Orthopaedic Alloy Plates” in proceedings of National Conference on Biotechnology, Bioinformatics And Bioengineering, page 49 Organized by Society for Applied Biotechnology (India) on 17-18 December, 2010.RECEIVED BEST PAPER AWARD.

26.	Chandramohan.D et.al, “Stress analysis of humeral shaft fracture and fixation of plate using the realistic mechanical  parameters, loading and boundary conditions” Proceedings of National conference for research scholars  on “Application of Emerging Technologies” page 8, Organized by Indian Society For Technical Education, Adhiyamaan College Of Engineering,Hosur on March 24-25,2008.RECEIVED BEST PAPER AWARD.

PATENT

1.	Natural Fiber Reinforced Composite Material for Bone Implant, Indian Patent 2349/CHE/2010

2.	Design and Fabrication of Natural fibre Reinforced Composite Material For Plastic Replacement, 385/CHE/2010 (2012)

AN INVENTION OF NATURAL FIBER REINFORCED POLYMER COMPOSITE MATERIAL FOR BONE IMPLANT
AN INVENTION OF NATURAL FIBER REINFORCED POLYMER COMPOSITE MATERIAL FOR BONE IMPLANT

D.Chandramohan* Anna University of Technology Coimbatore, Coimbatore, India Mobile: +91-9994116596 Fax: +91-434-261573
 * Ph.D., Research scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering,
 * Email: mail_2_cm@yahoo.com

K. Marimuthu# Coimbatore Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, India Mobile: +91-9486587225 Fax: +91-422-2575020
 * 1) Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering,
 * 1) Email: kmcit@yahoo.co.uk

Abstract The present invention  relates to an artificial bone implant its application in bone grafting and the method of manufacturing. In particularly, the present invention relates to an artificial bone implant plate comprising a natural fiber reinforced polymer composite material in a homogenous matrix. The bone implant has improved tensile, flexural and impact strength, is lightweight, allow stiffness, is biocompatible and is adaptable to be fabricated and designed precisely. This implies a perfect on the desired location in case of a bone fracture. This invention concentrates on the biomaterials progress in the field of orthopaedics.Emphasising on the effort to utilize the advantages offered by renewable resources for the development of biocomposite materials based on biopolymers and natural fibers, this research work focuses on fabrication of natural fiber powdered material (Sisal (Agave sisalana), Banana (Musa sepientum) and Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) reinforced polymer composite plate material with bio epoxy resin as a replacement for orthopaedics alloys such as Titanium, Cobalt chrome, Stainless steel and Zirconium and this plate material can be used for both internal fixation and external fixation  on fractured bone. Keywords: Agave sisalana; Musa sepientum; Hibiscus sabdariffa; Bone; Bio Epoxy Resin.

World Wide Patent Search Prior art of Patent Application No US2010191346 titled “BONE IMPLANT”, [1] A bone implant derived from natural bone tissue material, wherein the bone implant is substantially free of non-fibrous tissue proteins, cells and cellular elements and lipids or lipid residues and comprises collagen displaying original collagen fiber architecture and molecular ultra structure of the natural bone tissue material from which it is derived Another prior art of Patent Application No US5336465 titled “METHOD OF MAKING BONE-IMPLANTS”, [2] refers to a slurry compound prepared by a sintering powdery material and a binder is press-molded to obtain a contour for the final product applicable to a bone-implant such as hip prosthesis. The molded body is given a programmed movement of rotation and/or swinging to impart a centrifugal force to the sintering particles which direct toward the inner wall of the mold cavity. The final product obtained after sintering has a hollow interior having no communication to the external environment. Imparting conditions of rotating/swinging movement may be changed or programmed in order to achieve a desired structure or constitution of the final product. For instance, larger particles concentrate near the inner wall of the mold to provide a rough, porous surface of the body, whereas it has a dense core consisting mainly of sintered fine particles. A hip prosthesis having a ceramic-rich femoral head and a metal-rich stem may also be produced by so programming the movement imparting conditions in the prescribed manner Another prior art of Patent Application No EP0442256 titled “BONE IMPLANT”, [3] describes bone implant design is proposed in which the implant consists of a main body, in particular of a core and unidirectional fibers which is surrounded by a fiber latticework .The fiber latticework consists of a raised fiber portion in order to maintain the structuring of the latticework on the surface of the fiber netting. The adhesion of the bone material to the implant is promoted by the structured surface. Another prior art of Patent Application No WO8600533 titled “BONE IMPLANT”, [4] An implant article for treatment in reconstructive surgery of damage caused to bony material, said article comprising a composite of fiber material which may or may not be bio-degradable and is incorporated in a porous matrix of a bio-degradable organic polymer material.

OBJECTIVE OF THE INVENTION The principal objective of the present invention is to provide an artificial bone implant from natural fiber reinforced composite material such that the bone implant is adapted to be fabricated and designed precisely, for perfect fitting on the desired location in a bone fracture. Another objective of the present invention is to provide an artificial bone implant from renewable resources such that the bone implant is lightweight, allow stiffness is biocompatible. Further the present invention aims to providing an artificial bone implant from natural fiber reinforced composite material, which has substantial tensile, flexural and impact strength. It is a further object of the present invention to provide an artificial bone implant which is less complicated to design without compromising on its quality standards and efficiency. It is a further object of the present invention to provide an artificial bone implant which is cost effective and easy to manufacture. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method of manufacturing an artificial bone implant from natural fiber reinforced composite material such that, the bone implant is adapted to be fabricated and designed precisely, for perfect fitting on the desired location in a bone fracture. The process of foregoing objects are achieved will be clear from the following non-limiting exemplary description.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides an artificial bone implant for its application in bone grafting, comprising a combination of natural fibers and hybrid fibers reinforced to form a biocompatible composite material in a homogenous matrix, and adapted to be fabricated to form the desired shape and size, said natural fibers having optimum proportions of banana fiber, sisal fiber and roselle fiber and hybrids of the said natural fibers, such as described here. In accordance with the preferred embodiments of the bone implant of the present invention: •	Hybrids comprises optimum proportions of sisal fiber and roselle fiber, banana fiber and sisal fiber and banana fiber and roselle fiber; •	 Sisal fiber is derived from Agave sisalana, said banana fiber is derived from Musa sapientum and said roselle fiber is derived from Hibiscus sabdariffa; •	 Matrix comprises calculated quantity of bio epoxy resin and hardener resin; •	 Bone implant is a natural fiber reinforced polymer composite plate material in bio     epoxy resin and hardener resin; •	 Implant has a coating of calcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite(hybrid) composite for internal and external fixation on fractured bone; •	Implant is adapted to have the desired substantial tensile, flexural and impact strength and is adapted to be fabricated and designed precisely, for perfect fitting on the desired location in a bone fracture. The present invention also provides a method for manufacturing an artificial bone implant for its application in bone grafting, implant comprising a combination of natural fibers and hybrid fibers reinforced homogenously in a matrix to form a biocompatible composite material, and fabricated to form the desired shape and size, natural fibers having optimum proportions of banana fiber, sisal fiber and roselle fiber and hybrids of natural fibers, such as herein described method involving: a) Creating the desired mold; b) Applying a releasing agent over a suitable sheet and fitting the same with the inner side of the mold and drying the same; c) Adding calculated quantity of matrix material and hardener such as herein described in a suitably cleaned container and stirring the same for a suitable duration so as to create a homogenous mixture; d) Adding calculated quantity of said fibers with simultaneous stirring for a suitable duration; e) Pouring the mixture so obtained into the mold and ramming mildly for uniform settlement; f) Solidifying the mold. In accordance with preferred embodiments of the method of the present invention: Fibers are cleaned in running water, dried in normal shading for 2-3 hours, followed by soaking in a solution comprising 6% NaOH and 80% distilled water. Method of soaking the fibers are carried out at different intervals depending upon the desired strength to be achieved, followed by washing the fibers in running water and drying the same thereafter after each step of soaking. Bone implant is a natural fibre reinforced polymer composite material in bio epoxy resin and hardener resin and step (e). Method further includes, calculating the predicted thrust force and torque values of said natural fiber reinforced polymer composite material depending upon requirement and comparing values with the regression model and the scheme delamination factor/zone applying machine vision system.

Non-Limiting advantages of the invention 1.	The invention of natural fiber reinforced composite material is of light weight, allows    stiffness and is biocompatible with humans. 2.	The invention of natural fiber reinforced composite material is used for internal and external fixation on human body for fractured bone. 3.	The chemical treatment of the composite material also enhances the rigidity of the fibers. 4.	These natural fibers are used as a suitable reinforcing material to satisfy the environmental and they are now fastly emerging as a potential alternative for orthopaedics alloys. Conclusion This invention focuses on the mechanical properties of natural fibers that are used for bone grafting substitutes   which are now becoming a great challenge for biomedical engineers. This paper emphasis the enhanced property of natural fiber as bone implants. It is a challenge to the creation of better materials for the improvement of life quality. This paper proposed suggestions of using Natural fiber reinforced composite as a plate material which uses pure natural fibers that are rich in medicinal properties like Sisal, Banana & Roselle (hybrid) fiber. The most important thing that the researchers have to take into account is that these step taken now, will help the mankind to develop and to have a more pleasant life.

References [1]	Bloor Stephen, Proffitt Joanne Louise, Armitage paul, Dawson Christine Elizabeth; Bone implant .US2010191346. [2]	Janome sewing machine co ltd, Terumo corp. , Matsunaga noboru , Azeyanagi kazuyoshi , Sogaishi ichirou , Katakura takeo , Ueda yoshihisa , Ohsawa takaaki ;Method of making bone-implants. US5336465. [3]	Man technologie gmbh, Wenner ulrich dipl-ing, Dierl Rudolf; Bone implant. EP0442256. [4]	Univ groningen, Leenslag jan willem , Pennings albert johan , Beth rene pieter hendrick , Jansen henricus wilhelm bernha ;Bone implant.WO8600533.

PAPERS PUBLISHED IN JOURNALS/CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS

1.	Chandramohan.D and Dr.K.Marimuthu, “Natural Fiber Bone Plates as Substitutes for Orthopaedic Alloy Plates” accepted in Proceedings of the Acta Biologica Indica,2012

2.	Chandramohan.D and Dr.K.Marimuthu, “Drilling of natural fiber particle reinforced polymer composite material” published in Proceedings of the International Journal of advanced Engineering Research and studied, October-December 2011, Vol. 1, Issue 1, pp.134-145

3.	Chandramohan.D and K.Marimuthu,” A research review on natural fibers” published in Proceedings of the International Journal of current Research, November 2011, Vol. 3, Issue 11, pp.331-337. [IF:0.525]

4.	Chandramohan.D and Dr.K.Marimuthu, “Humerus bone development throughCT/CAD/RPT” published in Proceedings of the International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, November 2011, Vol. 1, Issue 4, pp.1256-1261

5.	Chandramohan.D and Dr.K.Marimuthu, “Rapid prototyping/rapid tooling – A over view and its applications in orthopaedics” published in Proceedings of the International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology, October-December, 2011, Volume 2 issue 4, pp 435-448

6.	Chandramohan.D and Dr.K.Marimuthu “A Review on Natural Fibers”, published in Proceedings of the International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences, Auguest 2011, Volume 8 issue 2, pp-194-206.

7.	Chandramohan.D and Dr.K.Marimuthu, “Application of LabVIEW on Material Testing” published in Proceedings of the International Journal of Engineering Studies, Volume 3, Number 2 (2011), pp. 87-94.

8.	Chandramohan.D and Dr.K.Marimuthu, “Bio Composite Materials Based on Bio Polymers And Natural Fibers -Contribution As Bone Implant” published in Proceedings of the International Journal Of Advanced Medical Sciences And Applied Research, June 2011, Volume 1 issue 1 pp-009-012

9.	Chandramohan.D and Dr.K.Marimuthu "Natural fiber particle reinforced composite material for bone implant" published in Proceedings of the European Journal of Scientific Research, June2011, Volume54, issue3, pp-384-406. [IFSNIP Value: 0.047 IFSJR Value: 0.034]

10.	Chandramohan.D and Dr.K.Marimuthu “Natural Fiber Bone Plates-A Worldwide Patent Search Report, published in Proceedings of the International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, May 2011,Volume 3 No 5,pp 3663- 3669. [IC™ Value: 3.14]

11.	Chandramohan.D and Dr.K.Marimuthu “Tensile and Hardness Tests on Natural Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite Material” published in Proceedings of the International Journal of Advanced Engineering Sciences and Technologies, May 2011, Volume 6, issue 1, pp-97-104. [IC™ Value: 4.79]

12.	Chandramohan.D and Dr.K.Marimuthu, “Characterization of natural fibers and its application in bone grafting substitutes” published in Proceedings of the Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics, Vol. 13, No. 1, 2011,pp-77-84 [IC™ Value: 3.00] IFSNIP Value: 0.128 IFSJR Value: 0.040]

13.	Chandramohan.D and Dr.K.Marimuthu, “Thrust Force, Torque In Drilling The Natural Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite Materials And Evaluate Delamination Factor For Bone Graft Substitutes -A Work of Fiction Approach” published in Proceedings of the International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, Dec’2010 Vol. 2(10), pp - 6437-6451.[ IC™ Value: 3.14]

14.	Chandramohan.D et.al, “Applications of CT/CAD/RPT in the Futurestic Development of Orthopaedics and Fabrication of Plate and Screw Material from Natural Fiber Particle Reinforced Composites for Humerus Bone Fixation – A Future Drift” published in proceedings of Malaysian Journal of Educational Technology, Dec’2010 Volume 10, No 2, pp 73-81.

15.	Chandramohan.D and Dr.K.Marimuthu, “Contribution of Biomaterials to Orthopaedics as Bone Implants – A Review” published in Proceedings of the International Journal of Materials Science, June 2010, Vol.5, No. 3, pp 445-463.

16.	Chandramohan.D et.al, “Application of Advanced Design and Development Techniques in Orthopaedics” published in Proceedings of the International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, May 2010, Vol.5, No. 9, pp 1653-1666. [IC™ Value: 4.07]

17.	Chandramohan.D and Dr.K.Marimuthu “Comparison of Mathematical Model for the Prediction of Deflection and Flexural Rigidity on NFRP Composite Material - Application In Bone Grafting Substitutes” accepted in Proceedings of the Journal of Advances in Developmental Research.

18.	Chandramohan.D and Dr.K.Marimuthu, “Applications of Natural Fiber Composites for Replacement of Orthopaedic Alloys” published in Proceedings of International Conference on Nano Science, Engineering and Technology, pp.164-172,November 2011.

19.	Chandramohan.D and Dr.K.Marimuthu, “Applications of Natural Fiber Composites for Replacement of Orthopaedic Alloys” published in IEEE International Conference on Nano Science, Engineering and Technology, pp.137-145,November 2011.

20.	Chandramohan.D and Dr.K.Marimuthu, “Natural Fiber Bone Plates as Substitutes  for Ti6al4v Plates: A Comparative Study”in International Symposium for Research Scholars on Metallurgy, Materials Science and Engineering (ISRS-2010), page 129 Organized by IIT Madras, on December 20 – 22, 2010.

21.	Chandramohan.D and Dr.K.Marimuthu, “Application of engineering in futuristic development of orthopaedics using FEA/CT/CAD/RPT” in Proceedings of Sixth International Conference on Precision,Meso,Micro,and Nano Engineering (COPEN6), Organized by PSG Tech., Coimbatore on December 11-12, 2009.

22.	Chandramohan.D et.al, “Study on stress aspects of humerus Bone on fixation of plate using Finite Element Analysis” in Proceedings of International Conference on Total Engineering, Analysis and Manufacturing Technologies (Team Tech 2008), page 24 Organized by IISc Bangalore, on September 22 – 24 ,2008.

23.	Chandramohan.D et.al. “Stress analysis of humeral shaft Fracture and fixation plate and its effect on vertebrae” in Proceedings of International Conference on Digital Factory (ICDF 2008),page 532, Organized by Coimbatore Institute of Technology, Coimbatore on August 11-13,2008.

24.	Chandramohan.D and K.Marimuthu “Application Of Engineering In The Futurestic Development Of Orthopaedics Using FEA/CT/CAD/CAM/RPT/Lab VIEW” in Felicitation function in honour of Er.G.PRABHAKAR,President, IEI [INDIA] and presentation of R&D Grant 2010-2011 on 18.01.2011 organized by NATIONAL DESIGN AND RESEARCH FORUM at sir M V ADITORIUM,IEI-KSC,Bangalore.

25.	Chandramohan.D and K.Marimuthu, “Natural Fiber Bone Plates as Substitutes for Orthopaedic Alloy Plates” in proceedings of National Conference on Biotechnology, Bioinformatics And Bioengineering, page 49 Organized by Society for Applied Biotechnology (India) on 17-18 December, 2010.RECEIVED BEST PAPER AWARD.

26.	Chandramohan.D et.al, “Stress analysis of humeral shaft fracture and fixation of plate using the realistic mechanical  parameters, loading and boundary conditions” Proceedings of National conference for research scholars  on “Application of Emerging Technologies” page 8, Organized by Indian Society For Technical Education, Adhiyamaan College Of Engineering,Hosur on March 24-25,2008.RECEIVED BEST PAPER AWARD.

PATENT

1.	Natural Fiber Reinforced Composite Material for Bone Implant, Indian Patent 2349/CHE/2010

2.	Design and Fabrication of Natural fibre Reinforced Composite Material For Plastic Replacement, 385/CHE/2010 (2012)