User talk:Chris02official

decentralization
Examine the differences between government and governance with specific reference to Uganda. Government: Government is a body consisting of a group of leaders or representatives who come together in a common platform for taking charge of all activities happening in the state. They are bestowed with some powers which depend on the mode of the government. For example, the constitution empowers the government with certain powers for carrying out the necessary tasks. Types of governments.AutocracyAn autocracy is a system of government in which supreme power is concentrated in the hands of one person, whose decisions are subject to neither external legal restraints nor regularized mechanisms of popular control (except perhaps for the implicit threat of a coup d'état or mass insurrection). AristocracyAristocracy is a form of government that places power in the hands of a small, privileged ruling class. DemocracyIn a democratic government, the representatives are elected by the people of the nation through election (poll). The representatives in turn select a leader who will oversee all activities occurring in the country. He governs the entire state and he becomes accountable for any good or bad activity occurring in the state. But in a monarchy, the leader and the ruler will be either the children or the descendants of the previous ruler. The accountability is determined by the ruler.The government (democratic) acts as a medium through which powers, regulation, policies, rules of the state get employed. Government is responsible for framing the various policies which are and must be aimed for the welfare of the state. In a democratic government, the representatives are selected for a fixed time period (say five or four years) which varies from state to state. People may or may not elect the representatives for the next period which depends on the efficiency of the representatives in governing and proper functioning.Republics A republic is a form of government in which the country is considered a "public matter" not the private concern or property of the rulers, and where offices of states are subsequently directly or indirectly elected or appointed rather than inherited. FederalismFederalism is a political concept in which a group of members are bound together by covenant with a governing representative head. The term "federalism" is also used to describe a system of government in which sovereignty is constitutionally divided between a central governing authority and constituent political units, variously called states, provinces or otherwise. In the case of Uganda, we have a democratic form of government where the citizens exercise power by voting for the leaders they want. The arms of government present in Uganda are Executive, Judiciary and the Legislature. Governance is the framework formed by the government for ensuring the proper functioning of the state. It can also be defined as the way which the government implement the policies for good results for the desired target. The target could be the people, or some organization or the government itself. Since the action of the government reflects directly on the governance, governance stands as a testimony for the working of the government. It gives us a clear picture of whether the government is working for the welfare of the state.According to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), governance is a concept in which a country is managed, including economic, policy, and legal aspects.Thus, in general, governance has the meaning: the decision-making process and the process of determining which policies will be implemented and not implemented.The main difference between government and governance is government denotes a group of representatives who takes care of the administration and proper functioning of the country where governance is all about the concept or the rules and regulation framed by the elected representatives to achieve the above-mentioned administration.Comparison Table between Government and GovernanceConclusionThough government and governance are related to each other, they have a difference between them. To simply put, the government rules the organization or the country and the governance is the way adopted by the government to achieve the goals set by them for proper functioning. Both are necessary for the sustainability of the organization or the country.Analyze the elements of good governance and how they have been applied in Uganda.Defining good governance: In the 1990s, the World Bank became the first international institution to adopt the concept of good governance into lending arrangements for developing countries and introduce the idea to the general public. In its 1992 report entitled “Governance and Development”, the notion of good governance was written as the way in which power is used to regulate the economic and social resources of a country for development.Now, the term good governance has often been used by national and international organizations. Good governance aims to minimize corruption, take into account the opinions of minorities, listen to the voices of the oppressed people in the decision-making process, and respond actively to the needs of the community now and in the future.Good governance is the process of measuring how public institution conduct public affairs and manage public resources and guarantee the realization of human rights in a manner essentially free of abuse and corruption and with due regard for the rule of law1. Participation: Participation in the concept of good governance here is an opportunity for everyone to voice their opinions through institutions or representations. In addition, everyone, without exception, has the right to freedom of association and expression for example Uganda has members of parliament for the elderly, youth and the elderly who need their voices represented since they are vulnerable and marginalized most times.2. Rule of law: To implement good governance, the legal framework in the country must be enforced impartially, especially concerning human rights law. This has not been fully observed with many human rights agencies calling for better to be done. Examples that throw more light on this are the re arrest of MP Ssegirinya after being granted bail on 27th September 2021, the beating of journalists to which the IGP Okoth Ochola responded ‘we shall beat you (journalists) for your own sake’ on 7th January 2020 as they tried to cover electoral campaigns. 3. Transparency: Transparency means that every policy taken and implemented by the government must be carried out under existing regulations. In addition, there must be a guarantee that any information related to the policy can be accessed by everyone, especially those who are directly affected by the policy.Well this has been observed mostly up to the decision making stage but loses the plot in the execution and implementation phase. Elucidation would be the Corvid -19 relief package by the government of Uganda to the vulnerable poor which was a welcome idea but the beans were of very poor quality and some people not meant to get the relief got making vast numbers of vulnerable people missing out. It was even heard that some officials were selling the food. How unsightly, unethical and disgusting!4. Responsiveness: Good governance needs institutions and processes to attempt to serve all stakeholders within a reasonable time. The Ugandan government scores quite highly in this element as for example a lockdown was instituted to restrict the spread of corvid 19 as it was on the rise in 2021, resettlement and giving of relief items whenever natural disasters like floods and landslides strike in areas like Bududa and Kasese. New security measures and alert levels raised when the ADF bombed Uganda on 16th November 2021.5. Consensus oriented which is related to the decision-making process. When the decision-making process cannot accommodate everyone’s wishes, then at a minimum, the decision must be a decision that can be accepted by everyone and does not harm anyone. Uganda is host to over 1.4 million refugees and the land given to refugees to settle on is after agreement with the locals who own the land. This reduces conflict between the refugees and the locals and also maintains mutual respect between the government and locals.6. Equity and inclusiveness: Good governance ensures justice for the community. Everyone has the same opportunity to maintain and improve their welfare. For instance new buildings are required to have ramps to allow access by Persons with Disability. In addition anti-discrimination laws and equal opportunities act of 2007 ensure no one is denied opportunity to work/employment regardless of their race, gender and physical abilities. Vulnerable groups like the PWDs and Elderly have representatives in Parliament.7. Effectiveness and efficiency: Every decision-making process and its institutions must be able to produce decisions that meet every community need. Community resources must also be utilized optimally by the government for instance the lockdown instituted saw the number of Corvid 19 infections drop and the health situation of the country improve though challenges arose in distribution and making of face masks as it cost twice as more than masks on the market so efficiency lacked. Another example of inefficiency is the construction of the Entebbe express highway costing a whopping U.S. $476 million, with a shocking cost of U.S.$9.2 million per kilometer over and above the average $2 million per kilometer road.8. Accountability: All institutions involved in good governance have full responsibility to the public for the sake of improving the quality of society.Unfortunately accountability in Uganda has been hampered with as in operates more in sync with rule of law and transparency that aren’t properly observed. An example the IGG was warned by the president to ‘be careful’ with her lifestyle audit of public officials even though a backlog of over 4000 cases exists. Such statements scare and inadvertently frustrate accountability which cannot one of the strengths of the current government as the country ranks highly amongst the world’s most corrupt countries.In synopsis, Uganda the Pearl of Africa does observe some elements of good governance but where it fails, the observed elements are overshadowed and seem not to be noticeable anymore because of the enormous magnitude of disregard to good governance. Chris02official (talk) 06:48, 17 March 2022 (UTC)

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