User talk:Cv14bk/Hildegard Peplau

Hy13ac's initial thoughts about the article
Hello :)

I think it is a bit difficult for us to be able to pinpoint how to make this article better, having taken into consideration the fact that at this point, none of us know a lot about Hildegard Peplau. We can't just look at the article and say "There is a huge gap in her biography here, and her theories are not very well explained". I'm sure that we will come up with more ideas and insights for revisions, as we learn more about her.

If we could find some relevant images, that might improve the page, as it does not currently have any.

We could clarify what it was that led her to develop her theories??

We could change the section entitled "Peplau's Developmental Stages of the Nurse-Client Relationship", that has the bulleted explanations under each of the stages, to be more of a paragraph format, with a bit more clarity. As it is currently, I have a bit of trouble understanding what each stage is. Perhaps a good option would be to leave the bullets 'as is', but then add further explanation in paragraph/sentence format underneath the bullets?

Anyways, let me know what you think!

Hy13ac (talk) 19:51, 12 September 2014 (UTC)
 * You'll learn more about images later. There is a tutorial video on this in the student resources section (link on the course Wikipedia page). --LynnMcCleary (talk) 01:30, 24 September 2014 (UTC)
 * It would be great to check the good article criteria related to lists. --LynnMcCleary (talk) 01:30, 24 September 2014 (UTC)

And another idea ;) We could change the references to nurses so that they aren't always referenced as being female. That's probably not a really big issue though. Hy13ac (talk) 19:54, 12 September 2014 (UTC)
 * The APA manual has help on how to achieve this. --LynnMcCleary (talk) 01:30, 24 September 2014 (UTC)

Ds13nx's initial thoughts about the article
Hello.

I did not have a previous knowledge about Hildegard Peplau before I read this article. For me, the article give us a good explanation about who was Hildegard Peplau, and her importance for the nursing's knowledge. However, when the article begin to explain hers theory it is not completly clear. Maybe, if the article add some examples in the pratical area about how we can apply hers theory could increase the understanding of it.

This is my point of view. Let me know what you think. Ds13nx (talk) 14:43, 18 September 2014 (UTC)

Cv14bk's initial thoughts and ideas
Hey everyone!

Sorry it took me longer to put my input into this talk page! I have read over the article and I think in the first paragraph it does not clearly state how she led the way towards humane treatment of patients with behavior and personality disorders. I think it would be good to fix that up and perhaps elaborate on HOW she did that. I know for myself when I read that, I was wondering how she accomplished that. Everyone communicates differently, so the use of photos could help other readers understand the article more clearly. The grammar for sure needs some fixing like you all noticed. With netter grammar, it will definitely flow much nicer and will become easier to read! When it talks about how the flu epidemic affected her, we could go more in depth about how it effected her and what she did about this. The seven nursing roles I would personally like to see some more detail. Examples to follow will help readers understand it more clearly. I do however, like the way the stages of the nurse-client relationship are laid out. It seems simple, informative, and easy to read. More detail on her theoretical work and how it all started would be helpful and would enhance the article.

I believe we all have similar ideas, so with all of us working together and contributing, we can make this page awesome and more informative for others to read!

Cv14bk (talk) 22:19, 18 September 2014 (UTC)

As13qf's inicial thoughts and ideas
Hi everyone,

I think we could add some headings or subheadings that describe the main conceptual aspects of this theory. How it has been developed, influenced nursing care and contributed to mental health which apparently is the setting more influenced by this theory. I hope this comment might be useful. As13qf (talk) 02:44, 2 October 2014 (UTC)

Coming to a consensus on early goals
I agree that the basic outline of her patient care theories is good, however expanding upon those, and giving examples would be good. Do you think we should probably be primarily focusing on her theory of care? Hy13ac (talk) 00:02, 23 September 2014 (UTC)
 * My email to the group about this assignment asked you to focus on her theory and model. That would be most consistent with the course learning objectives (about nurse-patient relationships and communication). You can also edit other parts of the article (like anyone can on Wikipedia) but knowing more about her history might not help you learn more about communication and nursing relationships. You might be able to get some information about how her theory informs nurse-patient communication. You may come across other information about Peplau that fits with other sections in the course of your research, you should feel free to add it - but please keep the focus on communication/relationships. LynnMcCleary (talk) 01:30, 24 September 2014 (UTC)

Some early comments from Lynn
I added some headings and subheadings to help you organize the conversation. Feel free to change this organization. You will be adding more information, so use of headings might be helpful. I think the might have some guidance on this. LynnMcCleary (talk) 01:30, 24 September 2014 (UTC)

You're off to a good start. Keep in mind the good article criteria and how you can move this article towards achieving it.LynnMcCleary (talk) 01:30, 24 September 2014 (UTC)

As you start looking for resources, you might want to consult with me. I think you'll find information about Peplau's theory and model in mental health nursing textbooks, in nursing theory textbooks, and maybe in nursing communication books. There are quite a few review articles on topics related to Peplau. I think I might have a book about Peplau. I did a quick search on Supersearch. If you use journal articles, you'll have to look for review articles (secondary sources that aren't research). I noticed that there are quite a few Portuguese articles. Lucky for you, one of your group members reads Portuguese (though she may prefer to stick to English). You might be able to use one or two of those articles if they're accessible and are secondary sources. LynnMcCleary (talk) 01:30, 24 September 2014 (UTC)

Credible Sources to Enhance the Article
Here are 3 credible sources I will be looking at for enhancing this article:

1. Foundations of nursing theory : contributions of 12 key theorists / edited by Chris Metzger McQuiston, Adele A. Webb. Thousand Oaks, Calif. : Sage Publications, c1995. 01/01/1995 xiv, 646 p. ; 22 cm. Language: English, Database: Brock University Library Catalogue

2. Nursing theories : a framework for professional practice / Kathleen Masters. By: Masters, Kathleen. Sudbury, MA : Jones & Bartlett Learning, c2012. 01/01/2012 xxvi, 448 p. ; 23 cm. Language: English, Database: Brock University Library Catalogue

3. Nursing theorists and their work / [edited by] Ann Marriner Tomey, Martha Raile Alligood. St. Louis : Mosby, c1998. 01/01/1998 xviii, 555 p. : ill., ports. ; 24 cm. Language: English, Database: Brock University Library Catalogue

Each book has chapters that focus on each theorists work and contributions/theories. Obviously focusing on Peplau, these books seem helpful as they help with information about her theory and the nurse/client relationship!

Cv14bk (talk) 19:04, 29 September 2014 (UTC)

These are my 3 resources that may be useful for our research. They are all journal articles,and I think I got all of them through MEDLINE.

Peplau, H. (1997). Peplau's Theory Of Interpersonal Relations. Nursing Science Quarterly, 10(4), 162-167. Retrieved October 1, 2014, from MEDLINE.

Barker, P. (1998). The Future Of The Theory Of Interpersonal Relations? A Personal Reflection On Peplau's Legacy. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 5, 213-220. MEDLINE

Reynolds, W. (1997). Peplau's Theory in Practice. Nursing Science Quarterly, 10(4), 168-170. Retrieved October 1, 2014.

Hy13ac (talk) 14:28, 1 October 2014 (UTC)

Here are my 3 sources dor try to improve this article:

1. Gastmans, C. (1998). Interpersonal relations in nursing: a philosophical- ethical analysis of the work of Hildegard E. Peplau. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 28(6), 1312-1319. Brock University Library Catalogue.

2. Forchuk, C., Dorsay, J.P., (1995). Hildegard Peplau meets family systems nursing: innovation in theory- based practice. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 21, 110-115. Brock University Library Catalogue.

3. Barker, P. (1999). Hildegard E Peplau: the mother of psychiatric nursing. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 6, 175-176. Brock University Library Catalogue.

Ds13nx (talk) 00:38, 2 October 2014 (UTC)

Hi, here are my 3 sources that can be helpful to improve the article:

1. Almeida, V. D. C. F. D., Lopes, M. V. D. O., & Damasceno, M. M. C. (2005). Peplau's theory of interpersonal relations: an analysis based of barnum. Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP, 39(2), 202-210. As13qf (talk) 01:42, 2 October 2014 (UTC) 2. Gastmans, C. (1998). Interpersonal relations in nursing: a philosophical-ethical analysis of the work of Hildegard E. Peplau. Journal Of Advanced Nursing, 28(6), 1312-1319.

3. A Nursing Model – Hildegard E. Peplau from Townsend, M. Essentials of Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing: Concepts of Care in Evidence-Based Practice. Chapter 1, 25-28. 6 ed. F.A. Davis Company. Philadelphia. 2014.

I did change my last two sources for two more accurate ones As13qf (talk) 06:07, 6 November 2014 (UTC)

It looks like we all have good sources that may be helpful for enhancing this article. I think we should all get together before reading week to discuss which articles will best enhance the Hildegard article or what parts of everyone's sources will work good! Let me know what you all think! Cv14bk (talk) 01:34, 5 October 2014 (UTC)
 * This is a good idea. As13qf, your sources are relevant and credible. However, two of them are research articles, making them primary sources, not secondary sources. Maybe you could find other secondary sources with the assistance of a librarian or in the reference lists of theses sources. Also, Ds13nx, Hy13ac, and Hy13ac may have other sources in their reference lists. LynnMcCleary (talk) 01:29, 7 October 2014 (UTC)

Professor advice about summaries and collaborating
Hy13ac, Ds13nx , Cv14bk, and As13qf, you’ve got some great sources. I think you have the potential to get overwhelmed by the amount of information you have. I have some suggestions for you for your next steps – to help you keep your work manageable and within the scope of this assignment. Keep your expectations of yourselves reasonable and keep your focus. Beware of being sidetracked by irrelevant information.

See the course page for information about your tasks due October 22.

Your summaries should be between 250 and at most 400 words for each source. Try not to make them long. If there aren’t 250 words worth of information in your source, don't blather on to fill space. I am looking for summaries I can understand and that are logical and coherent. You'll need to really focus in on the heart of the relevant findings. You should be aiming to tell your group members what the key messages are in your sources and how you think the information fits or doesn't fit with the article (it's okay if you logically determine that it wouldn't add to the article). If there is repetition within your sources, you should note that. Hopefully there is. Each summary should have a citation that is acceptable for Wikipedia and that has the information needed for a reader to verify your interpretation by finding your source. Links that only work within the university aren’t user friendly for me or your group members. If there is information that you can’t paraphrase, indicate quotes with quotation marks and page numbers.

When you've got your summaries done, hopefully there will be some themes and repetition among your summaries. Your job then is to collaboratively decide on what deserves to be suggested as an edit for the article and craft summaries of what your group found that could be incorporated in the article. That might be citations for information that is already there or new information. Discuss why your new information is relevant to the article.

I can copy your article over to your sandbox so you can practice editing before you make any suggestions to the editors of the Peplau article. If you want me to do that, let me know by email or by using my user name in a response to this post. As always, I'm available to guide you.

Don't forget to sign your posts. I look up your contributions by user name for grading. If you don't sign your posts, you won't get credit for them when I'm grading.LynnMcCleary (talk) 01:03, 10 October 2014 (UTC)

Heidi's Article Summaries (hy13ac)
Peplau’s Theory of Interpersonal Relations

This article outlines ways that theories come into being, and ways that theories are formulated. It also talks about the ways in which nurses and patients form connections and relationships, and how nurses can observe these relationships, and what barriers may arise to relationships that are helpful and therapeutic to the patient. Barriers include the nurse’s prejudices and judgements about the patient and the patient’s diagnosis, and the patient’s prejudice and judgements about the nurse and their experiences. The first stage that Peplau identifies in the nurse-patient relationship is the orientation phase, in which patients and nurses form a relationship that is patient centered and collaborative. The second stage is the working stage, in which the relationship moves further towards being therapeutic to the patient, as opposed to being social. The termination phase is the last phase, in which the nurse-patient experience and relationship is summarized, plans are made for the patient’s next steps, and the relationship is terminated. Sometimes after this, there is a transition phase, in which patients transition to a different type of care setting. Challenges that are specific to the nurse in maintaining a therapeutic relationship for the patient are listed, as well as what patients expect from relationships with their nurse. 38.80.64.20 (talk) 00:48, 19 October 2014 (UTC) Hy13ac (talk) 21:57, 2 November 2014 (UTC)

Peplau’s Theory in Practice

This article explains how Peplau’s theory can be applied and used to help patients with anxiety, their self systems, and hallucinations. Peplau believes that anxiety occurs when someone’s conscious or unconscious expectations are not fulfilled. Resultantly, physical and mental discomfort follows, and causes a behaviour that tries to diminish or relieve their anxiety. Nurses need to realize what needs or expectations are being unmet, and help the patients become aware of their anxiety and feelings, and what they can do to make the situation better. Peplau identifies self system as being the system by which clients try and cope with anxiety. Nurses address the processes by which patients evaluate and deal with their stressors. This article talks about how nurses should holistically deal with hallucinations, how to appropriately intervene during patient hallucinations, and what might cause hallucinations. This article may be especially useful, in that it has lots of nursing situation examples, in which her theory is applied. 38.80.64.20 (talk) 16:10, 19 October 2014 (UTC) Hy13ac (talk) 21:57, 2 November 2014 (UTC)

The third article was very much a 'personal reflection' made by the author, and was not applicable. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Hy13ac (talk • contribs) 21:59, 2 November 2014 (UTC)

Davna's Article Summaries
Interpersonal relations in nursing: a philosophical-ethical analysis of the work of Hildegard E. Peplau

This article brings an analysis of the work of the Hildegard E. Peplau by the view philosophical-ethical. It is achieve by the analysis of three components: nursing professionalization, the philosophical understandings of Peplau’s view on nursing science, and the nurse-patient relationship as the most important event in the nursing science. The emphasis is that Peplau gives importance to development and use of theoretical concepts. She worked in convince that nursing is a discipline that needs to be recognize for its independence and scientific. Although a lot of people thinks that nursing is dependent of medicine, she remembered that they work together for the well-being of the patients but they are independent. The article says that Hildegard E. Peplau was innovative in introduce the interpersonal relation, addressing the idea that both the patient and nurse have collaboration in the process of relational. The relation between the patient and the nurse have some characteristics that are important for the communication and relationship to them. After one hundred years that Florence Nightingale, Peplau comes with a lot of important knowledge for development and recognition of nursing as a powerful and important profession for health.

Hildegard Peplau: the mother of psychiatric nursing

According with this chapter the Hildegard Peplau is considered the nurse of the century. Since Florence Nightingale, Peplau’s work and life produced the most important changes in the nursing practice. Through experiences in her life, she aroused the interest for interpersonal relation creating the theory that creating the theory that carries these purposes, especially for nursing practice. She was watcher of peoples’ behaviours since when she was child. At this time she experienced to see some people how jumped from the windows in delirium because de flu epidemic. After some years in hers career, she became interested in psychiatry. This interest was maintained through the working relationship with some professionals familiar with the area. The text emphasizes that Hildegard was the first in use the term “nurse- patient relationship”. Addressing the importance of the numerous facets and peculiarities of the power in this relationship. According with this, hers theory influenced almost all the areas of nursing practice, being so much important for the nursing over the years. Perhaps today a lot of professional of nursing do not realize that Peplau was being the pioneer in that work, and that importance of development of her theories for the nursing knowledge. Ds13nx (talk) 03:14, 23 October 2014 (UTC)

Chantal's Article Summaries
Nursing Theorists and Their Work 1998

This book gives specific background information on Hildegard Peplau such as schooling, birthday, and credentials. Just like everyone else, she started out small and built her way up to where she stands today. She was enrolled in the Hospital School of Nursing in Pennsylvania and later received a B.A in Phycology from Bennington College. After Paplau obtained her master’s degree, Peplau was offered to develop and teach in the graduate program in psychiatric nursing which she stayed there for 5 years. In 1954, Peplau chaired and developed the graduate psychiatric nursing program until she decided to retire in 1974. Throughout her career, Peplau became executive director and became president of the American Nurses Association. In order to help others while teaching and help herself, Peplau conducted workshops which shared her knowledge and skills and she always encouraged the nurses to use their competence in an educative process. Over her years, Peplau has contributed a great amount to the profession of nursing; especially psychiatric nursing. In order to develop her theory of interpersonal relations, Peplau used knowledge which was borrowed from the psychological model. This gave nurses the opportunity to teach patients how to experience their feelings and deal with them appropriately. Peplau’s theory, The nurse-patient relationship describes four phases of the relationship; orientation, identification, exploitation, and resolution. Peplau also describes the six nursing roles that emerge in the different stages of the nurse-client relationship. Peplau’s theory/model is still being used today and is still very helpful and useful. Continued research is needed to further refine the theory and to build on nursing’s knowledge base. Cv14bk — Preceding undated comment added 16:59, 29 October 2014 (UTC)

Nursing Theories: A framework for professional practice

Hildegard Peplau is considered the mother of psychiatric nursing and is best known for her the development of the interpersonal relations theory. She has made many contributions to the nursing professions emphasizing the importance of professional self-regulation. Peplau’s work was influenced by Freud, Maslow, and Sullivan’s interpersonal relationship theories. During her early life experiences with the great influenza epidemic, Peplau had the understanding of the effects of illness on individuals and families. Peplau was an active leader and was involved in many nursing organizations. The theory of interpersonal relations is a middle range theory that focuses on the relationship between the nurse and patient. Peplau focuses on primarily on how people relate to one another. According to Paplau, the nurse-client relationship is the center of nursing. She describes the four phases in the nurse-client relationship which overlap and occur over the time of the relationship. Peplau later combined these phases which then became three phases. She notes that the role of the nurse in strongly impacted by the behavior of the patient as each patient has a different level of development. In 1952, Peplau describes the six nursing roles that emerged during the phases of the nurse-patient relationship. She develops patterns and behaviors through psychobiological experience and uses the patterns she developed to make goals for nursing interventions. The four metaparadigm concepts of nursing were identified in Peplau’s theory. Cv14bk (talk) 17:34, 29 October 2014 (UTC)

Ana's Article Summaries
A Nursing Model – Hildegard E. Peplau from Townsend, M. Essentials of Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing: Concepts of Care in Evidence-Based Practice. Chapter 1, 25-28. 6 ed. F.A. Davis Company. Philadelphia. 2014.

The referenced literature presents the Nursing Model of Peplau is based on an interpersonal theory structured on the nurse-client relationship development. Peplau created the Psychological tasks as a learning process which nurses could help their patients achieve personal maturity, since their illnesses have been caused by breaks or failed development during this process. The four Psychological tasks are learning to control others, learning to delay satisfaction, identifying oneself, and developing skills in participation. These stages are classified by age, childhood, following concepts developed by Freud and Sullivan. There are some important understandings about Peplau’s nursing model: Nursing is a human relationship, Psychodynamic nursing is a tool to oneself and other-selves development, and Rules are social establishments important to keep functional the social structure. As an example of nursing rules Peplau define social actors as a stranger, resource person, counselor, teacher, leader, technical expert and surrogate. These actors have an important function to improve the relationship between nurse and patient. The nursing-client relationship is oriented by four phases, Orientation, Identification, Exploitation and Resolution. The Peplau’s model provides the nurse as a facilitator of the process of the client development, where the professional - armed with the rules and techniques – interacts through relationship with the client to achieve a missed learning and maturing process. As13qf (talk) 20:26, 5 November 2014 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 198.72.62.164 (talk) 20:22, 5 November 2014 (UTC)

Gastmans, C. (1998). Interpersonal relations in nursing: a philosophical-ethical analysis of the work of Hildegard E. Peplau. Journal Of Advanced Nursing, 28(6), 1312-1319.

In her interpersonal relationship theory described on her book Interpersonal Relations in Nursing, 1948, Dr. Peplau construes her framework ideology and presents to the world a revolutionary nursing perspective. Working under a context of nursing subjugation to social and politics values and behaviors where the nurse was considered as a doctor handmaker, and the focus of nursing were on doctors instructions instead the well-being of the patient, Peplau presented a modern theory that provoked a deeply process of changing into the nursing bases. First, the focus of nursing most be the clients, their needs and the process of getting health. To achieve it the nursing should be an independent field distinct from medicine. For her the activities of nursing might cover more than following medical directions, it should cover the client well-being through well prepared professional assistance. Peplau points out the importance of theoretical and scientific method to improvement and development of nursing. Second, as consequence of establishment of a practice-based method - provided by the nursing-client interaction - which the nursing practice provide a source of researches and propositions, that are confronted to social and biological theories to provoke the improvement of the nursing as a scientific subject, not an empirical practice. Third, the incorporation of the phenomenology to the scientific nursing. Aspects as ethic, culture, social and personal perceptions are considered as essential factors to the client’s state of health or sickness. Finally, the characteristic between nursing and client relationship. This interaction is an essential part of the care process, where thoughts, feelings and activities are exchanged. However, it is not a familiar relationship. The nursing position most be professional, technical able to meet the patient needs and help to improve him or her health development. The client assume position as a person who as health needs and has to be considered as a human being. These philosophical analysis provided a method that could connect theory, research and practice. It has established directives for nursing development and nursing science. As13qf (talk) 05:56, 6 November 2014 (UTC)

Plans for Editing the Actual Article
Game plan for editing our article as discussed today:

Chantal: elaborating the six nursing roles Heidi: 4 phases Davna: biography, copyright picture of Hildegrad Papleu

We will plan to meet after the weekend to proof read and see if there is anything else we can add to enhance our article. Best of luck everyone! Cv14bk (talk) 23:48, 29 October 2014 (UTC)

Editing plan for Ana: Improve the Theoretical WorkAs13qf (talk) 05:56, 6 November 2014 (UTC)

My version of improvement to the Theoretical Work is the same to the second summary, but I am with some questions: Can I replace the actual text for mine? how can I do reference the author? I am also woried about Grammar mistakes because of this, I decided do not edit the main page. What can I do now? As13qf (talk) 06:07, 6 November 2014 (UTC)