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Social exchange theory is a sociological and psychological theory that study the social behavior in the interaction of two parties that implement a cost-benefit analysis to determine risks and benefits. Also, the theory involves economic relationships, it occurs when each parties have goods that the other parties value. Although the theory presupposes that most of this analysis is conducted unconsciously, it is also implicitly acknowledged in pop culture

History During the beginning of this theory, The most comprehensive social exchange theories are those of the American social psychologists John W. Thibaut (1917-1986) and Harold H. Kelley (1921-2003) and the American sociologists George C. Homans (1910-1989) and Peter M. Blau (1918-2002).

Homans summarizes the system in three propositions: success, stimulus, and deprivation–satiation proposition.

Success proposition: When one finds they are rewarded for their actions, they tend to repeat the action. Stimulus proposition: The more often a particular stimulus has resulted in a reward in the past, the more likely it is that a person will respond to it. Deprivation–satiation proposition: The more often in the recent past a person has received a particular reward, the less valuable any further unit of that reward becomes.