User talk:Darlunga

Maring
Darlunga (talk) 07:31, 19 November 2013 (UTC) The urbanization thought emerge very late in Maring land. The Maring lived in vast valley (phai) called Chak-ka phai presently known as Kabow valley and across the Yomma range² till Imphal valley. But after the India got independent and demarcation of the boundary majority of the Maring land was within the India. There have continuously three times of boundary demarcation which led to the lost of big chunk of Maring land. First demarcation was called Pemberton line which was again resurvey by Johnstone in 1881, the second demarcation happen as a result of Yandaboo treaty in 1926 and the third and final demarcation was called Indo-Burma boundary March 10, 1967. It is also mention that the final boundary demarcation was according to the traditional boundary. The question is whose traditional boundary was followed? Why the existence of Indigenous People was ignored? Why the Maring people living in the border are left out during the demarcation? Did the Government realised Maring lived in present Kabo Valley and Yomma range since time immemorial? On what basis the whole valley was given to Burma and demarcated the boundary line on the foot hills of Yomma range( west of Kabo valley)

The Lishek and khopbung villages are the Maring villages in Burma. But Khopbung village has been deserted and the Lishek village is now recognised as the village of Shans. Till the last of 1980s if the Maring people say they are from Khopbung village then the Burmese considered them as the citizen of Burma because the name of the village has been recognised by Burma Government. Some of this villagers said the village is old village of Maring and some are believed to be the descendent of Maring. The other evidence is the sacred place of U-Karung where the Maring used to worship for centuries. But today it is inside the Burma country and the Burmese worship as the sacred place. The boundary demarcation between Burma and India was done without the knowledge of Maring the indigenous tribe in between the two countries in 1967. To a surprise during the demarcation all the valley portions were given to the Burma and the hill range towards Western side falls under the Indian jurisdiction. The Burmese Government started to check Burmese id card holders in the area. India has included Maring is one the Scheduled Tribe of India. The repercussion is that some of the ID card holders allowed but due to unaware of such condition the Marings whether they have cards or not they started to escape towards the Yomma range. This was because checking chasing was carried out jointly by Burmese Army and Indian Army (BSF) in 1966-67. These Maring settled their village in near the Burma border of Indian side which is called Yomma range.

Today even though they are chased out from present Burma they still have the close relationship with the Burmese people. They share their livelihoods, business, cultures and friendship. The Burmese used to come in Eastern Maring during any festivals and the Eastern Maring too visit the Burmese villages frequently to joint their festivals and to buy foodstuffs and cloths.

Despite the closeness of the borderland people they have been locked from each other. There are no roads between them. They used to travel along the forest on foot. Thus the closed door policy of India has seriously affected the education and economic life of Eastern Maring people who have been locked for the past 60 years. The Marings never realised that we are locked from both side. They are not locked only from Burma but they are also locked in Indian side. Let us think deeply about the opening of Army camps in Eastern Maring which is the process of Indian militarization. They are not free to go to their nearest town and District Headquarter. Army check posts at any time detain them for no reason. Poor villagers don’t know Hindi and English. They faced lots of difficulties while crossing the Army check post. Non-state actors are invisibly operating and collecting money from the poor farmers when they come with some paddy, vegetables and firewoods mean for their children who are studying at valley.

It was during period of 1990s when Mr Morung Makunga was the MLA initiated the development perspective in Eastern Maring which was unfortunately unsuccessful. The young energetic legislature dreamed of setting up urban type village in the Burma border. He brilliantly selected the site where the big river called Tuy-yang Kung is in the middle and the land in the eastern side belongs to Saibol village and the western side belongs to Lamlong Khunou village. The site was so advantageous that business set up and transportation could be easily established comparing to present Moreh. He had also named that the village shall be called Dunringphai. He started construction of road from Kharou Khunou to Dunringphai. However the Saibol and Lamlong khunou villages were not in ready to support and objected the initiative. The reasons could be lack of awareness from both the two villages and the legislature. Thus the urbanization vision in Eastern Maring eroded in 1990s.

Eastern Maring villages: Sl.no. Name of village	Remarks 1	Kampang Khullel	Burnt down in 1993 2	Kambang Khunou	Burnt down in 1994 3	Leibi	Burnt down in 1993 4	Langkhongching 5	Satang 6	Choktong 7	Waksu 8	Lamlong Khunou 9	Phaison 10	Kharou Khullel 11	Kharou Khunou 12	Rilram centre 13	Moltimkhu 14	Narum 15	Saibol 16	Khulimol 17	Sairel Saisim 18	Moirengthel 19	Khudei Khullel	1994 20	Khudei Laiphom 21	Khudei Loikong

The Kuki-Naga conflict in 1990s was the challenging era for the Eastern Maring people. Almost all the villages were burnt down completely in 1993-94. The villagers fled to Western Maring area and Ukhrul district. The Eastern area was abandoned about 5 years. While looking for alternative means of live some settled at small valley as refugees near the Pallel. They have been in search of asylum for 5 years. Many children dropped out from the school. The life of the people began to be lived as landless labour. They travel from one village to another village in search of livelihood and asylum. Gradually the conflict between two nations¹ calm down in 1995-96. The repatriation of Eastern Maring began from 1995. But many did not return to their native villages. They permanently settled at Ukhrul, Dimapur, Chandel and Imphal.

Today with Look East policy of India focuses in the North East there is the process of unlocking the boundaries. The GoI has identified three places for road connection with Burma such as Moreh & Molcham village in Chandel District and Konkan thana village in Ukhrul District of Manipur. Asian Highway (AH 1) is passing just in the western side of Maring land which passes through the nearest towns i.e. Pallel and Moreh. The Moreh is rapidly growing in terms of economy, infrastructures, transport and communications. Though it is very near to the Eastern Maring the benefit from the opening of Moreh as business hub is not going to be helpful or benefit for Eastern Maring in particular and Maring as whole.

Though there is the process of unlocking the boundaries as a force of globalisation the Indian Government is planned to fence the borders between the Burma and India which will ultimately again the Maring will be locked up inside the India. The earlier practices of sharing between the Burmese and Maring will be totally lost once the border fencing is completed. Traditionally hunting is another main occupation of Maring. Once the border fencing is completed it will directly affect the hunting culture of the Indigenous people.

Now the Eastern Maring realised that they should also have the same opportunity of road and communication with the Burma for any development purpose. They felt the need to settle in the border and have the gate open so that they will have good opportunity reach other parts of the world specially the South East Asian countries. There are three important places in eastern Maring where urban type border village can be set up. They are Moirengthel, Dunringphai/Phaisan and N. Satang. These are the 20-60 years old villages which have only few houses. But they have no proper transportation and communication facilities. There is no master plan for developing the said villages. Every Maring people talk about the need of having such border villages for development perspectives through which the Marings can also join with the growth of world economy through connecting South East Asian countries. But the sole problem among the Maring is that different people mobilised for three different places. No unanimous decision has been developed due to different choice of different places. In addition to that there are no proper routes to reach these three places. The places are also high humid, malarial zone and far from education facilities. Another critical issue is declaration of Yangoupokpi Wild Life Sanctuary which includes all the said three places and the Eastern Maring Villages except the Kampang village. Opinion of the writer. Therefore now, who are responsible for developing these areas? How can we access the education facilities if to be settled there? How can we boost our economy? Who& how can we fight for not to implement the wild life sanctuary in the area? How can we protect the border fencing at such places? Do we have ever thought on developing ourselves? How can we utilise our natural resources without compromising the needs of our future generation? These are some of the initial queries that I have and the queries and answers to be come from us not from others. This is right time for us Maring people to wake up, think, do, plan, and not the time to criticise he did this and that. This is not the time to seat and criticise what others have done. No one will come to lead us. We ourselves have to make our own way and travel.

The Churches, Civil societies, teachers, doctors, engineers, civil officers and bureaucrats of Maring have crucial role in lifting the Maring. If we are failed this time then it will be suffered by our generations and generations. Especially the borderland people of Maring will locked from reaching the most resourceful places like the Moses watch the Canaan from Zion with full of hope and ambitions but could not reach.

Kh. Modar Email:	1parbom@gmail.com, modarlung2011@yahoo.com.

1.	Stateless nation. 2.	The present Eastern Maring area. Darlunga (talk) 06:37, 6 July 2013 (UTC)

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Your submission at AfC Maring Festival (August 22)
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Your submission at Articles for creation: Hnungkaap (November 22)
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Kambang Khullen (Kampang)
Kambang Khullen (Kampang) a Maring village, which is situated along the proposed alternative Asian Highway 102 near Myanmar border of the Indian state of Manipur in the Tengnoupal block of the Chandel district,India. In Maring its poetic name is Ningnakhu. It's a small hill village at an altitude of about 1400m above the sea level.

As per the Maring legend the village flourished in the New stone Age and was formally settled as Kampang in 1424 A.D.The village was frequently raided by Meitei King during 17 century and 1925–1928. It was also totally deserted during Second World War (1940–1943). The village was burnt down thrice in 1993 due to Naga-Kuki conflict. All the villagers fled to other places and again resettled in 1996. The real name of the village is 'Kampang' but after the meitei King invaded in 15th century, its name has been given in meitei version called Kambang (Khullen/Khunou).

Most of the Maring historical places are found here. the historical places are Lhouyang pal (Warriors gate), Cholomthil bung, Wapur manchem, Shangthilbung, Phomi Chin etc. The land of Kampang is evergreen forest and Different varieties of wild animals and plants are growing in the forest of the village.

During British period a police station was set up and named as Kampang thannah.In 1475 AD Meidingngu Kiyamba reigned in the kingdom and it was he who annexed the Kabow valley in Burma to his territory and opened 18 Police Outposts — at Bishenpur, Chakpi, Chattaik, Heituppokpi, Ingourok, Jiri, Keithel­manbi, Kampang, Kambiron, Kangbong, Karong, Kongal, Nashingha, Yaingangpokpi, Meithapham on the Burma side, Mayangkhang, Moreh and prowy in the bordering areas to regulate the import and export and particularly to check infiltration of foreignersDarlunga (talk) 14:51, 21 April 2018 (UTC)Darlunga (talk) 14:20, 21 April 2018 (UTC)

Ref:- The North-East Frontier of India, Cheitharol Kumpaba.

Proposed deletion of Kampang Khullel


The article Kampang Khullel has been proposed for deletion&#32;because of the following concern: '''I don't think this place meets WP:GEOLAND. It's not anywhere on the 2011 Census of India (mirrored and easily searchable here) even when you just search "Kampang". The American Geonet database labels it a "populated place" which is their word for "idk maybe people live here, but it's not even a village, so who knows". Based on these, I don't think it's a legally-recognized place, so it doesn't get the GEOLAND auto-pass.

Per GEOLAND, places that aren't legally-recognized must meet GNG to be notable. I made several different attempts to search for this name in Manipur and found no reliable coverage of any kind. I also searched the "poetic name" given in the article, Ningnakhu, and again found nothing. The best I found was this book from the 1800s which briefly refers to Kampang as a "thannah" (alt form of wikt:thana), which is a Hindi word for a military or police outpost - ie, not a village. IMO there is not enough coverage to support a GNG pass either. The article should be deleted as failing GEOLAND.'''

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

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Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. &spades;PMC&spades; (talk) 03:01, 28 February 2024 (UTC)