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Jaipur, City of Gem & Jewelry INDUSTRY'S

In this era of fast change in jewelry designs, a number of varieties of gemstones are required. Gems & Jewelry industry's in Jaipur City, India specialize in cutting and polishing a wide range of Gemstone ex. Agate, Beryl, Diopside, Feldspar, Garnet, Lapis lazuli, Opal, Peridot, Quartz, Spinel, Tanzanite, Topaz, Tourmaline, Zircon. Jaipur has the reputation and ability to deliver best quality and personalize services leading to an intimate relationship with global buyers. It has become preferred destinations for very best, stylish, affordable and responsibly made gemstones & jewelry. Companies are manufacturing under the experienced teams who has in-depth knowledge of market trends. Gemstones are available in variety of shapes and size, i.e. round, oval, trillion, octagon, heart, pear, as well as other calibrated and fancy shapes. Experts in special cut like bubble cut; concave cut, rose cut, buff top checker board etc are also making their designs. Shopping in city is easy, fast and convenient. Whether you are sitting in the comfort of your home or on the go, Jaipur industries are always within easy reach. Some of the gemstones available here are listed below:

Amethyst
Amethyst is the most precious quartz mineral and comes in a few distinct colors including violet, purple, rose, lavender and mauve. When it comes to value, the most valuable color is that of a deep purple with tinges of violet. Amethyst can be found in many parts of the world; Brazil, Uruguay, Madagascar Germany, Russia. Mohs scale hardness 7.

Tanzanite
Tanzanite was discovered in Northern Tanzania in 1967. Tanzanite is trichroic i.e. when light enters it appear alternately sapphire blue, violet and burgundy. Tanzanite is usually a reddish brown in its rough state. Heating occurring underground naturally or in a furnace removes the brown or burgundy color. Tanzanite becomes dichroic when heated; its color changes blue-purple to purple-blue. Some of the tanzanite is applied with a layer containing cobalt, to improve the color. Hardness 6.5

Chalcedony
The actual name of chalcedony originated from the Latin word 'Chalcedonius', thought to be derived from 'Chalcedon', an ancient seaport of Asia Minor, now Kadikoy, Turkey. Chalcedony is composed of intergrowths of the minerals quartz and moganite that occurs in a great variety of colors including blue, lavender, white, buff, light tan, gray, yellow, pink, red or brown. If chalcedony is conspicuously color-banded, it may be called agate and with other minerals it has various other names including carnelian, mocha stone, onyx, bloodstone to name a few. It is considered a sacred stone by the Native American Indians. Chalcedony is common quartz found in United States, Austria, Czech Republic, Iceland, Mexico, Britain, New Zealand, Turkey, Russia, Brazil. Mohs hardness 6 -7.

Lapis lazuli
Lapis lazuli is treasured for its beautiful deep blue color. The English word azure, French azur, the Italian azzurro, the Polish lazur, Romanian azur and azuriu, and the Portuguese and Spanish azul, Hungarian azúr all come from the name and color of lapis lazuli. Lapis lazuli has been mined in Afghanistan and exported to the Mediterranean world and South Asia since the Neolithic age. In addition to the Afghan deposits, lapis is mined in Russia, Chile, Italy, Mongolia, United States, Canada, Angola, Argentina, Burma, Pakistan, Canada, India. Mohs hardness 5 - 5.5

Labradorite
Labradorite displays a beautiful iridescent play of colors, caused by internal fractures, dispersing it into different colors, this effect, known as labradorescence. Labradorite is Translucent to transparent. It is found in Gray, Gray white, White, Light green, light blue, light green, pale orange-red, black, usually with a strong multicolored display of purple, blue, and green schillers. A variety from Finland known as Spectrolite, shows the Schiller effect with dark reds, orange, yellow, blues and green color flashes. Some of the most important deposits are in Canada, Norway, former USSR, Finland, Madagascar, Ukraine, South Wales, Australia, U.S. Mohs scale hardness 6 – 6.5.

Iolite
The name "iolite" comes from the Greek word for violet. Trichroic Iolite shows three colors when viewed from different angles. Because of Pleochroism, uncut iolite is cut in a certain direction to take advantage of the best color. It is found in Blue, smoky blue, bluish violet; greenish, yellowish brown, gray; colorless to very pale blue color. Iolite is mined in Australia, Brazil, Burma, Canada, India, Madagascar, Namibia, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, United States. Mohs scale hardness 7 – 7.5.

Blue Topaz
Blue Topaz does occur in nature, but is rare and almost always light color. Colorless or lightly colored topaz goes through processes that create the blue color. Among the colors thus created, lighter blue are known as Sky Blue topaz. Mined in Brazil, Pakistan, Afghanistan, India, China, Burma, Sri Lanka, Japan, Russia, Ukraine, Australia, Madagascar, Namibia, Nigeria, Zimbabwe, Mexico, U.S. Hardness of 8.

Aquamarine
Aquamarine is blue to slightly greenish-blue variety of the mineral beryl. The name aquamarine is derived from the Latin word aqua, meaning water, and marina, meaning the sea. The light blue color of aquamarine leaves the designers free to work with and bring out the brilliance of the gem with fine grooves, notches, curves and edges. Aquamarine can be found in Brazil, Colombia, Zambia, Madagascar, Malawi, Tanzania and Kenya. Hardness 7.5 – 8.

Larimar
Larimar is found only in the Dominican Republic in the Caribbean. It occurs in cavities within basaltic lava. The name Larimar was given to the stone by a Dominican, Miguel Méndez, who combined his daughter's name Larissa, with Mar, the Spanish word for sea. Larimar contains the blue hues of the Caribbean Sea, with white and gray 'clouds' that makes it a stunning stone. Its color varies from white, light-blue, green-blue to deep blue, it also has red spots, brown strikes etc. It should be protected from too much light and heat. Mohs hardness 4.5 – 5.

Kyanite
Kyanite name derives from the Greek word kyanos, meaning blue. It is mined in a number of places around the globe; major producers are Brazil, Afghanistan, United States, France, and India. Orange Kyanite is found in Tanzania. Colors of Kyanite Blue, white, light gray, green, rarely yellow, orange, pink. Hardness of 5.5 parallel to 001 and 7 parallel to 100.

Apatite
Apatite is most often seen in blue, but also can be found in brown, pink, yellow, green, violet. Moon rocks collected by astronauts during the Apollo program contain traces of apatite. Apatite is mined in Brazil, Burma, India, Madagascar, Mexico, Canada, Czech Republic, Mozambique, Norway, Germany, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, and the United States. Mohs hardness 5.

Ametrine
Ametrine is a variety of bicolor quartz that has zones of amethyst (purple) and citrine (golden yellow) in contact with one another in a single crystal. According to legend, the Ayoreo Indian tribe of eastern Bolivia knew about the bicolor quartz crystals over 500 years ago. Mined in Bolivia, Brazil and India. Mohs Hardness – 7.

Rutile quartz
Rutile quartz is clear or smokey with golden brown, black, reddish, greenish, silvery or gray needle-like rutile embedded in it. It has highest refractive indices. Mined in Switzerland, West Africa, Madagascar, Brazil, South Africa, India, Sri Lanka, Germany, Kazakhstan, Australia, Norway, USA. 6 – 6.5 on the Mohs hardness scale.

Citrine
Citrine is a transparent, yellow variety of Quartz, ranging in color from pale to golden yellow, honey or almost brown. The name is derived from Latin citrina which means yellow. Natural citrines are rare; most commercial citrines are heat-treated amethysts or smoky quartzes. Sources of citrine include Brazil, Bolivia, several African countries and parts of the Soviet Union. Mohs hardness 7.

Opal
Opal consist 3% - 21 % water, it comes in the category of mineraloid. In the early 1990s a new type of opal surfaced in Ethiopia, which was brown material in nodule. During year 2008 opal from Wollo was discovered. Ethiopian fire opals have striking pattern formations which make each opal unique. Some opals have diverse play of colors from Neon reds, oranges, green, blue, white, yellow, brown and a fire color. Some Ethiopian opal has points displaying spectral colors. There are also some "rainbow" opals, where each patches of play-of-color display the entire rainbow of spectral colors. Some Ethiopian opal has digit patterns, others has fossilized plants in them. Mohs hardness 5.5 - 6.5.

Amber/Copal
Amber is one of the most beautiful natural forming compounds in the world. There are many different types of Amber that are found and used today. Most of the Amber that is sold is called Succinite. This type of Amber is mainly found in Northern Europe and is golden brown in color and hard in substance. The hues tend to be from yellowish honey to a gentle brown with gold in it to a dark brown. Amber is not a stone, actually it is fossilized resin. Amber is created by once living entities such as trees and other types of flora. Amber gradually forms and hardens over many millions of years. In fact, most of today’s Amber is from 30 to 90 million old. Amber can usually be found in all parts of the world where there was once flora living millions of years ago. Amber in general has its biggest depositories in the Baltic region. Baltic Amber is found all along the Baltic and North seas from the north of Germany to Sambia, which is now part of Russia. Copal- There is several types of copal from different geographic regions. Various tropical trees, such as Hymenaea courbaril or Hymenae protea, produce Colombian and Brazilian copal. Carbon14 tests undertaken on Colombian copal have shown it is about 250 years old. Columbia, South America has extensive deposits of copal. Madagascar and Kenya also have highly fossiliferous copal mines. Copal from East Africa was possibly produced by the Trachylobium verrucasum, while Kauri copal from New Zealand was produced by the Kauri pine. Sierra Leone and Congo copal are both from a leguminous tree. Manila copal, produced by trees in the genus Agathis, is found in Indonesia and the Philippines. Dammar resin produced by dipterocarpaceous trees in southern Asia, i.e., Malaya and Sumatra. Major deposits of copal are produced from tropical legume and araucarian trees and are found in tropical or wet temperate regions where these resin producing trees still exist. Mohs scale hardness 1.5 - 2.5.

Smoky Quartz
Smoky Quartz is a macrocrystalline variety of the mineral Quartz. Smoky quartz name is obviously derived from its brown to gray color. Very dark smoky quartz is called Morion. It is mined in Brazil, Switzerland, the Himalayas, Mexico, U.S.

Lemon quartz
Lemon quartz is created by heating amethyst, yellow quartz and iron together at high temperatures. This heating process is what gives lemon quartz its brilliant, yellow color. The color of Lemon Quartz can sometimes occur naturally. The amethyst and yellow quartz mined to create lemon quartz primarily come from Brazil, Arizona, Africa, Canada, United States and Europe. Mohs hardness 7.

Beer/Whiskey quartz
Beer/Whiskey quartz is natural quartz which has been heat treated to produce a yellow/brown color; ones tending more toward brown are often referred to as beer quartz or whiskey quartz, depending on whether the individual gem tends more toward yellow or orangy brown. Mohs scale hardness 7.

Black Spinel
Black Spinel is extremely rare and in most cases rarer than Rubies. Black spinel is not well-known among the gem world, yet its outstanding features make it the ideal choice for an opaque black gem. Black is the essence of style and sophistication with a timeless quality that means it will never go out of fashion. Once set in jewelry it is difficult to distinguish black spinel and a black diamond. Black Spinel can be found in Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Kenya, Madagascar and part of the former Soviet Union Tajikistan. Mohs hardness 7.5 – 8.

Black onyx
Black onyx is perhaps the most famous variety of onyx, chalcedony. Onyx is formed in the gas cavities of lava. Black Onyx often comes purely black but can also have stripes of gray, red or cream. Onyx is a gemstone found in various regions of the world, particularly Brazil, Uruguay, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, India, Hawaii and Madagascar. Hardness 7.

Garnets
Garnets are used since the Bronze Age. Garnets were used in Ancient Rome, Anglo-Saxon England, Sutton Hoo. Found in many colors including red, orange, yellow, green, purple, brown, blue, black, pink and colorless. Because of light transmission properties some garnet species has color-changing quality. It is mined in parts of Africa, India, Soviet Union, Brazil, United States, Madagascar, Kenya, Tanzania, and Turkey. Mohs hardness 6.5 - 7.5.

Doublet
Doublet is a stone composed of valuable gemstone material in combination with other, less expensive, material glued together. Doublets should be kept away from chemicals, heat as this can cause damage or permanent changes to its appearance.

Rhodolite
Rhodolite is a species in the garnet group. Color of Rhodolite is light to dark purplish red through reddish purple. Brilliance of Rhodolite garnet is a result of its high refractive index. Deposits are found in Brazil, India, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Thailand and the USA. Hardness of 7 to 7.5 on the Mohs scale.

Strawberry quartz
Originally known as scarlet quartz and used in the late nineteenth century to describe lepidocrocite and red hematite included quartz from the iron mines of Cumbria. Strawberry quartz gets its color from inclusions of various forms of iron oxide. Strawberry quartz is most often found in Russia and in neighboring regions such as Kazakhstan, as well as in Brazil. Hardness: 7.

Rose quartz
Rose quartz is a pink variety of quartz that occurs in large translucent masses. It varies in clarity from opaque to translucent to foggy. Some rose quartz contains microscopic rutile needles which produces an asterism in transmitted light. Star rose quartz shows asterism when illuminated by a point-like light source: light reflections appear as a six-rayed star. Mined in Brazil, India, Madagascar, South Africa, Namibia, U.S.A. Hardness: 7.

Druzy
Druzy is a coating of fine crystals on the host stone. Quartz druse is most common, garnet, calcite, dolomite and a variety of minerals may occur as druse coatings.

Tourmaline
Tourmaline name comes from the Sinhalese word Thoramalli. Some of the opaque black, white, yellow tourmaline species are magnetic whereas green, brown are diamagnetic. Tourmaline, occurring in more colors and combinations of colors than any other gemstone bluish-black, black, brown, brown-yellow, blue, green, red, yellow, pink, etc. bi-colored and multicolored crystals are also common. Some forms of tourmaline are dichroic i.e they change color when viewed from different directions. Tourmaline is mined in Brazil, Sri Lanka, Afghanistan, Pakistan, United States, Tanzania, Nigeria, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Namibia. Tourmaline 7 - 7.5.

Peridot
Peridot is one of the few gemstones that occur in only one color, an olive green. Radiant green shine of Peridot does not change in artificial light. Found in lava, deep in the earth, meteorites. Peridot is mined in Australia, Brazil, China, Egypt, Kenya, Myanmar, Mexico, Norway, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, US and Tanzania. Mohs scale hardness 6.5 – 7.

Chrome Diopside
Chrome Diopside is a highly refractive, sparkling, forest green color, gemstone. Chrome diopside grains are found near kimberlite pipes. Occurrences are reported in Canada, South Africa, Russia, Brazil, US and a wide variety of other locations. Mohs scale hardness 5.5 - 6.5.

Green Amethyst
Green Amethyst is produced by heating amethyst or yellowish quartz either by volcanic activity, natural heating of the earth’s core or manually. Amethyst can be found in Southern Brazil, Uruguay, Madagascar, Germany, Russia, United States. Mohs hardness 7

Malachite
Malachite was given this name because of its resemblance to the leaves of the Mallow plant. It is found in banded light and dark green colors. It is mined in Congo, France, Gabon, Israel, Zambia, Namibia, Mexico, Australia and United States. Mohs scale hardness 3.5 – 4.0.

Green onyx
Onyx died in rich green color is green onyx. Green Onyx has all the properties of Onyx, chalcedony. Onyx is formed in the gas cavities of lava. It is found in various regions of the world, Brazil, Uruguay, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, India, Hawaii and Madagascar. Mohs scale Hardness 7.

Emerald
Emerald is most valued variety of beryl; occur in hues ranging from yellow-green to blue-green. Best quality Emerald is transparent and verdant green. Most emeralds are oiled to improve their clarity. Emeralds is mined in countries such as Afghanistan, Australia, Austria, Brazil, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Canada, China, Egypt, Ethiopia, France, Germany, India, Italy, Kazakhstan, Madagascar, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Russia, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Switzerland, Tanzania, United States, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Colombia and Zambia are the leading producers. Six-pointed radial pattern trapiche emeralds are found in Colombia. Hardness of 7.5 – 8.

Agate
Agate is a unique stone that is a variety of Chalcedony. Agate is extremely beautiful and most noted for its banded and multicolored schemes. Agate is very strong, resists acid. Evidences are that Stone Age men used Agate more than 15,000 years ago. Agate is mined around the world including the United States. Mexico, Germany, Italy, Brazil, China, India, Africa, etc. Mohs scale hardness 6.5 – 7.

Sillimanite
Sillimanite is usually fibrous in wavy bundles, it is sometimes also known as fibrolite. Rarely in well defined rectangular to square cross-sectioned prisms. Sillimanite is found in Colorless or white to gray, yellow-green, gray-green, blue-green, Sapphire blue, yellowish, brownish, greenish, violet-blue colours. Mined in India, Burma, Sri Lanka, Kenya, USA, Canada, Ireland, Scotland, France, Germany, Czechoslovakia, Brazil, Madagascar, Korea, South Africa, Tanzania. Mohs scale hardness 6 – 7.5.

Cat's eye
The technical term for the cat's eye effect is chatoyancy, derived from the French for ‘eye of the cat’. It is from the family of chrysobery. Cat’s Eye is one of the most unique looking gemstones available; Jewelry made with Cat’s Eye looks Mystical. Although other minerals such as tourmaline, scapolite, corundum, spinel and quartz can form "cat's eye" stones similar in appearance to cymophane, the jewelry industry designates these stones as "quartz cat's eyes", or "ruby cat's eyes" and only chrysoberyl can be referred to as "cat's eye". Mohs hardness 8.5.

Cubic zirconia
Cubic zirconia is hard, optically flawless and usually colorless, but may be made in a variety of different colors. It has close visual likeness to diamond. Unlike diamonds, cubic zirconia is simulated to be flawless. CZ can be perfectly structured, free of inclusions, totally transparent. Mohs scale hardness 8 – 8.5.

Moonstone
The shimmer of light of the moonstone is something very special. The moonstone is characterized by an enchanting play of light. Indeed it owes its name to that mysterious shimmer which always looks different when the stone is moved. Billowy blue adularesce in moonstone is caused by light scattering from an intergrowth of microscopic, alternating layers. Colors of moonstone: almost transparent and with their bluish shimmer, green, brown, orange, smoky, champagne, black, red. It is mined in Australia, Brazil, India, USA, Myanmar, Madagascar, Norway, Poland, Sri Lank, Mexico. 6 on the Mohs scale.

Rainbow Moonstone
Rainbow Moonstone is actually not a true moonstone, but rather, it is a variety of labradorite plagioclase feldspar. White with a prismatic variety is commonly known as Rainbow Moonstone. India is the major producer of Rainbow moonstone. Hardness of 6-6.5.

Crystal
The word crystal comes from the Greek word "krystallos", meaning ice. Crystal (sometimes called clear quartz), is colorless and transparent or translucent. Quartz crystals have been used by healers, spiritual teachers, and scientists of the sacred throughout history to receive, transmit, store, focus, amplify, transform and balance the various forms of energy found in our Universe. Quartz crystal is often considered one of the seven precious substances of Buddhism. Large producers are USA, Brazil. Mohs scale hardness 7.

White Topaz
White Topaz also known as clear topaz or silver topaz is colorless, transparent, hard and durable gemstone. Mined in Brazil, Pakistan, Afghanistan, India, China, Burma, Sri Lanka, Japan, Russia, Ukraine, Australia, Madagascar, Namibia, Nigeria, Zimbabwe, Mexico, U.S. Hardness 8.

Zircon
Zircon is believed to come from the Persian word zargun. Latest dating and analytical techniques has shown that some of the Zircon are 4.404 billion years old, making it the oldest mineral. Zircon has the distinction of being the mineral that comes closest to resembling a diamond, usually due to its high refraction and fire. Bright and lustrous Zircon comes in brilliant blue hues; also comes in warm autumnal yellows and reddish browns, as well as red and green hues, it can also seem to have more than one color. This effect is called pleochroism. The color of zircons can sometimes be changed by heat treatment. Zircon is mined in Australia, Southern Africa, Asia, America. Mohs hardness - 7.5.

Ice quartz
Ice quartz resembles pieces of ice. It was discovered in 2006 when at 18,000 feet above Sea level Himalayan glaciers began to recede due to global warming. The color range is nearly translucent white to soft shades of rosy pink. Mohs scale hardness 7.

Welcome to JAIPUR, INDIA

Fateh Singh Pokharna Dashrath INT.