User talk:Dawnarmstrong4/sandbox

Staging[edit]

Further context on cancer stagingis available at TNM.

Melanoma staging guidelines as per AJCC Cancer Staging Manual 8thedition (in effect as of 2018)

Stage 0:  Melanoma in-situ

Stage I : thin melanoma, 98–94% 10-year survival

T1a: tumour thickness < 0.8 mm without ulceration

T1b: tumour thickness 0.8 to 1.0 mm; or tumour thickness ≤ 1.0 mm with ulceration

T2a: tumour thickness >1.0–2.0 mm, without ulceration

Stage II: thick melanoma, 88–75% 10-year survival

T2b: tumour thickness >1.0–2.0 mm, with ulceration

T3a: tumour thickness >2.0–4.0 mm, without ulceration

T3b: tumour thickness >2.0–4.0 mm, with ulceration

T4a: tumour thickness >4.0 mm, without ulceration

T4b: tumour thickness >4.0 mm, with ulceration

Stage III: Regional metastasis, 88-24% 10 year survival

N1: Single positive lymph node or in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases with no tumour-involved nodes

N2: Two to three positive lymph nodes or in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases with one tumour-involved node

N3: Four positive lymph nodes or in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases with two or more tumour-involved nodes, or any number of matted nodes without or with in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases

Stage IV: Distant metastasis, survival data not available (see note)

M1a: Distant metastasis to skin, soft tissue including muscle, and/or non-regional lymph node

M1b: Lung metastasis

M1c: non-central nervous system visceral metastasis

M1d: central nevous system metastasis

Note:

In recent years, targeted therapies and immunotherapies used in the setting of metastatic melanoma have significant improved survival of stage IV melanoma patients. New therapies are still evolving, thus survival data for the metastatic melanoma group is not available. In the 7thAJCC melanoma staging, which is before the advent of these new therapies, Stage IV 5 year survival is 7-19%.

LDH level plays a role in subdividing the M categories.

3.     1 - Gershenwald, J. E., & Scolyer, R. A. (2018). Melanoma Staging: American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) and Beyond. Annals of surgical oncology, 1-6.

4.     2 - Edge, S. B., & American Joint Committee on Cancer. (2010). AJCC cancer staging handbook: from the AJCC cancer staging manual(Vol. 2010, p. 718). New York: Springer.