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}} Prof. K.T.S. Sarao (born 14 October 1957) is an Indian Indologist, Professor of Indian Buddhism at Delhi University. He is known for his studies on the early history of Indian Buddhism and Etymological Study of the Dhammapada.
 * name         = Karam Tej Singh Sarao
 * birth_date   = October 14, 1957
 * birth_place  = Sangrur, Punjab, India
 * occupation   = Professor, Buddhist scholar, Indologist, Historian
 * known_for    = Studies on the early history of Indian Buddhism and Etymological Study of the Dhammapada
 * alma_mater   = PhD Delhi University, PhD Cambridge University, NCC Certificate C+ Ministry of Defence (India)
 * website      = www.ktssarao.com
 * awards       = President of India’s Certificate of Honour (Independence Day Honour: 2018), Prime Minister of India’s Cane of Honour for being the Best All India NCC (National Cadet Corps) Cadet (Republic Day Honour: 1977), Doctor of Letters (honoris causa) from the Preah Sihanouk Raja Buddhist University, Phnom Penh, Cambodia (2011), Gold Medal and Lala Ram Mohan Award for being the best MA History Student of the University of Delhi (1979), Lifetime Award for Outstanding Academic Performance and Educational Excellence by the Vietnam Buddhist University (2019).

Early Life
Sarao was born in Sangrur (Punjab) from where he did Matriculation. After having passed pre-university from D.A.V. College, Chandigarh, he did his BA (Hons) History with Economics, MA (History), M.Phil. (Chinese and Japanese Studies), and PhD (Buddhism) from Delhi University. In 1985, he was awarded the Commonwealth Scholarship to study at Cambridge University (U.K.) from where he received his second PhD in Pāli and archaeology.

Career
He began his teaching career as a lecturer (assistant professor) in the Department of History at K.M. College of Delhi University (1979-1993). He joined Delhi University’s Department of Buddhist Studies as a reader (associate professor) in 1993. He was appointed Professor of Buddhist Studies in the same department in 1996 from where he retired in March 2020. He also held a tenured appointment at Chung-Hwa Institute of Buddhist Studies, Fagu Shan, Jinshan, Taiwan (2002-2005). He has also held visiting fellowships and teaching appointments at Toronto University (1997), Maison des Sciences de L’Homme, Paris (2001 and 2009), Visvabharati University, Santiniketan (2008), Dongguk University, S. Korea (2005), and Preah Sihanouk Raja Buddhist University, Phnom Penh, Cambodia (2010-2011).

Publications
He has written more than 12 books based on research he conducted on ancient Indian texts and rare manuscripts. His Books deal with primarily with Buddhism & Pali literature, Indian Philosophy and History. His some Books are "The Origin and Nature of Ancient Indian Buddhism", "Urban Centres and Urbanisation as Reflected in the Pāli Vinaya and Sutta Piṭakas" , "The Decline of Indian Buddhism: A Fresh Perspective" , "Buddhism and Jainism: Encyclopedia of Indian Religions" , "The Dhammapada: A Translator’s Guide" , "A Text Book of the History of Theravāda Buddhism", "The Chinese Revolution of 1911: Its Causes & Origins" , "Pilgrimage to Kailash: The Indian Route", "प्राचीन भारतीय बौद्ध धर्म : उत्पत्ति, स्वरूप और पतन", "आधुनिक जापान का इतिहास", "आधुनिक चीन का इतिहास (1840-1949)" and many more.