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LIS Education in Bihar
LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE EDUCATION IN BIHAR

Library and Information Science Education in Bihar: an overview BY Dr. Amit Kishore

The aim of professional education is to prepare the members of that profession for its successful practice by giving a good foundation in its theory and practice. The strength of the profession lies in the quality of manpower available to practice the profession. The goal of LIS education is, therefore, to prepare personnel for the task of successful performance at different levels of competence as managers in different types of libraries and as teachers in the schools of LIS. The paper presents an overview of LIS education in Bihar. It describes the state-of-the-art of LIS education in 9 LIS Departments of universities of Bihar, analyses the course content and suggests for inattentiveness and standards to meet the present and future demands of knowledge society. Keywords: LIS education, LIS Course, LIS education in Bihar, Two years integrated courses

1. INTRODUCTION Library and information science is the combination of library science and information science. Very often, library science is considered as traditional area of study and information science is regarded as advanced field of study that deals with different aspects of information, involving application of ICT in a great deal. Library and Information Science (LIS) provides education for library and information professionals. It aims at creating appropriate human resources to run the libraries and information centers such as Librarians, Information officer and Documentation Officer. It is just a question of preference. In actual practice, there are no hard and fast rules. LIS education is a life-long process. After initial formal education, it continues in the form of continuing education and staff development. It is argued that the progress of information processing and information technology move together in present day information society. Examples are given that there is a significant professional relevance of information technology for LIS and for the quality of information delivery as well like Web 2.0; semantic web; ontology, etc. To adequately pursue the goal of transmission of information through innovative use of information technology for the 21st century, information professionals are needed who are proficient in library science and information technologies. The promotion of practical skills and professionalism is posited as fostering the development of competent information practitioners. Therefore, raising the scope and the quality of LIS education is inevitable to raise the quality and efficiency of knowledge dissemination/transmission. The updating of curricula and courses to develop the technical competencies is being done from time to time with the support of University Grants Commission (UGC) subject panels and Reports of Curriculum Development Committees. The paper analyses existing programmes of the LIS departments in Bihar to meet the growing demand for competent manpower. It further suggests how the LIS departments have to respond to produce the expected kind of professionals.

2. LIBRARY SCIENCE EDUCATION IN BIHAR: GENESIS LIS education in India began in 1911, when the Baroda School was started by W.A. Bordon at the initiation of the Sayaji Rao Gaikwad II, the Maharaja of the State of Baroda. Over the past 102 years LIS education in India has undergone significant changes with the support of UGC. The seeds of LIS education in Bihar were sown 42 years ago in T. M. Bhagalpur University, Bhagalpur. The T. M. Bhagalpur University introduced Bachelor of library science (B.Lib.) Course in 1971. T. M. Bhagalpur University introduced Master of library science (M.Lib.) and Ph.D. Course in 1987.

3. LIS EDUCATION IN BIHAR: THE PRESENT SCENARIO In Bihar, out of 12 universities, 8 are offering Library and Information Science education but they have not full- fledged departments, full- fledged Faculty, that clearly shows the real condition of Library and Information Science education in Bihar. Some universities provide Certificate Courses in Library and Information Science (CLIS) and Diploma in Library and Information Science (DLIS). The others provide BLISc and MLISc courses. Most of the universities provide MLIS course in distance mode. The majority of the universities generally conduct two separate courses for the Bachelor‘s degree followed by the Master of Library and Information Science of one year duration each. Only T. M. Bhagalpur University have offered two years integrated courses (UGC Curriculum) of two year duration, and BBA Bihar university, Muzaffarpur and Veer Kunwar Singh University, Arrah offer BLISc of 3 year duration and minimum eligibility for this course is an intermediate.

4 LIS Courses in India Presently Library and Information Science courses in India are offered at six levels namely, CLISc, DLSc, BLISc, MLISc, M.Phil, and Ph.D and D.litt.. These courses are broadly classified into semi professional and professional. The semi professional level courses are CLSc and DLSc. Presently the following LIS courses are available in India: - Certificate course in Library and Information Science (C.Lib.Sc) - Diploma in Library and Information Science(D.Lib.Sc.) - B.Lib.Sc. /BLIS (Bachelor Degree in Library and Information Science) - M.Lib.Sc. /MLIS (Master Degree in Library and Information Science) - M.Lib.Sc. /MLIS (Two year integrated Course) - M.Lib.Sc. /MLIS (Five year integrated Course) - PGDLAN (Post Graduate Diploma in Library Automation and Networking) - M.Phil (Master of Philosophy) in Library and Information Science - Ph.D (Doctor of Philosophy) in Library and Information Science - D.Litt in Library and Information Science

5 LIS Courses in Bihar In Bihar the courses are being offered in two patterns—BLIS and MLIS of one-year each generally referred to as 1+1 pattern, and two-year integrated MLIS programme. Table 1 shows that majority (7/8) of the departments offer1+1 pattern course only T.M.Bhagalpur University offered two-year integrated. Further, BLIS is being offered in distance mode in 6 and MLIS in 4 universities. Four universities offer the course through regular and distance mode while one (NOU, Patna) offers the same only through distance mode. Three universities (Lalit Narayan Mithila University, Darbhanga; BBA Bihar university, Muzaffarpur, and Veer Kunwar Singh University, Arrah) offers BLISc of 3 year duration and minimum eligibility for this course is an intermediate. Two universities (NOU, Patna and MMHAPU, Patna Muzaffarpur) offers certificate/Diploma courses and minimum eligibility for this course is an intermediate.

6 FINDINGS AND SUGGESTIONS :  Out of these 8 institutes covered under this study, only T.M. Bhagalpur University has two years MLIS and other 7 universities have one year BLIs and MLIS. UGC has given a model curriculum for an integrated two-year MLIS course, so there should be more and more universities for adapting to such programs in the future.  There is no full-fledged faculty in Bihar, there are 6 university departments that are being managed with Guest faculty faculty, 1 university departments that are being managed with part time faculty and 6 university departments that are being managed with adhoc faculty. So it strongly recommended that there should be fulltime regular faculty in all the Universities at the earliest.

 T.M. Bhagalpur University follows the Ph.D. program in part time mode and but due to some barriers, this course is about to stop. The required measures must be taken to improve the degrading status of this programme of the Dept.

 Designing the syllabus and course structure is essential for LIS field. But most of the universities follow old syllabus, so these must adopt new syllabus like UGC model as per the current demand of the society.  The departments should try to make courses more practical-oriented and as far as possible should offer in regular mode because as it is a professional course, emphasis on hands-on practice is required to develop skills and competencies among students. This must be taken care of seriously.

 Universities should give special care towards developing up-to-date infrastructural aspects, and fulltime regular faculty.

 Uniform course pattern in all the Universities are suggested. BLIS may be confined to distance education and colleges. Campus departments may offer postgraduate courses with limited enrolments and in-depth curricula slanted towards professional training may be framed.

 It is necessary to establish collaborative efforts among Departments of LIS, to develop and share the learning packages, educational materials and expertise of the faculty.

7. CONCLUSION The domain of LIS needs to be redefined to identify the core jurisdiction of the discipline and its necessary adaptability in contemporary times. Indeed the need is to design fresh information science courses keeping in view of the changing knowledge society. The efforts of the departments in Bihar Universities are not significant and sufficient. The seeds of LIS education in Bihar were sown 42 years ago in T. M. Bhagalpur University, Bhagalpur but after 42 year, not a single University of Bihar has fulltime Faculty in Library Science. It is obvious from the analysis that the curriculum of LIS programme of T.M. Bhagalpur University, Bhagalpur, is outstanding with balanced emphasis on all aspects. Hence the need of the hour is to devise uniform eligibility criteria, fulltime faculty and selection policy that can really attract those students with aptitude and attitude for the profession.

http://www.magadhuniversity.net/index.php. http://www.nou.ac.in http://www.tmbu.ac.in/view_department.php?deptid=71

http://www.pu.ac.in/lib_info_sc.html

About the author

Dr. Amit Kishore Master in Library Science and Information Science(MLIS) with First class First and Ph. D. from T.M. Bhagalpur University and Post Graduate Diploma in Library Automation and Networking(PGDLAN) and Post Graduate Diploma in Computer Application( PGDCA) from V.M. University, Salem and also cleared UGC-NET four times (June 2012, December 2012, June 2013 and December 2013). Currently working as a Librarian in the Kendriya Vidyalaya.

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Library and Information Science
Library and Information Science Education in Bihar: an overview By Dr. Amit Kishore The aim of professional education is to prepare the members of that profession for its successful practice by giving a good foundation in its theory and practice. The strength of the profession lies in the quality of manpower available to practice the profession. The goal of LIS education is, therefore, to prepare personnel for the task of successful performance at different levels of competence as managers in different types of libraries and as teachers in the schools of LIS. The paper presents an overview of LIS education in Bihar. It describes the state-of-the-art of LIS education in 9 LIS Departments of universities of Bihar, analyses the course content and suggests for innovativeness and standards to meet the present and future demands of knowledge society. Keywords: LIS education, LIS Syllabus, LIS education in Bihar, Two years integrated courses 1. INTRODUCTION It is argued that the progress of information processing and information technology move together in present day information society. Examples are given that there is a significant professional relevance of information technology for LIS and for the quality of information delivery as well like Web 2.0; semantic web; ontologies, etc. To adequately pursue the goal of transmission of information through innovative use of information technology for the 21st century, information professionals are needed who are proficient in library science and information technologies. The promotion of practical skills and professionalism is posited as fostering the development of competent information practitioners. Therefore, raising the scope and the quality of LIS education is inevitable to raise the quality and efficiency of knowledge dissemination/transmission. The updating of curricula and courses to develop the technical competencies is being done from time to time with the support of University Grants Commission (UGC) subject panels and Reports of Curriculum Development Committees. The paper analyses existing programmes of the LIS departments in Bihar to meet the growing demand for competent manpower. It further suggests how the LIS departments have to respond to produce the expected kind of professionals.

2. LIBRARY SCIENCE EDUCATION IN BIHAR—A BRIEF REVIEW LIS education in India began in 1911, when the Baroda School was started by W.A. Bordon at the initiation of the Sayaji Rao Gaikwad II, the Maharaja of the State of Baroda. Over the past 102 years LIS education in India has undergone significant changes with the support of UGC. The seeds of LIS education in Bihar were sown 42 years ago in T. M. Bhagalpur University, Bhagalpur. The T. M. Bhagalpur University introduced Bachelor of library science (B.Lib.) Course in 1971. T. M. Bhagalpur University introduced Master of library science (M.Lib.) and Ph.D. Course in 1987. 3. LIS EDUCATION IN BIHAR: THE PRESENT SCENARIO

In Bihar,12 universities, 8 are offering Library and Information Science education but they have not full flashed department, full flashed Faculty, that clearly shows real condition of Library and Information Science education in Bihar. Some university provide Certificate Courses in Library and Information Science (CLIS) and Diploma in Library and Information Science (DLIS). The others provide BLISc and MLISc courses. In most of the universities provide MLIS course in distance mode. The majority of the universities generally conduct two separate courses for the Bachelor’s degree followed by the Master of Library and Information Science of one year duration each. Only T. M. Bhagalpur University have offered two years integrated courses(UGC Curriculum) of two year duration and BBA Bihar university, Muzaffarpur and Veer Kunwar Singh University, Arrah offers BLISc of 3 year duration and minimum eligibility for this course is an intermediate. 4. THE METHODOLOGY The study includes 8 of 12 universities of Bihar that offer LIS courses at graduate, postgraduate and Ph.D. levels 5. ANALYSIS OF DATA The data gathered through interview of faculty members of LIS department. from 8 University departments of Bihar that offer LIS courses has been tabulated, analysed and discussed.

5.1 LIS Courses in Bihar In Bihar the courses are being offered in two patterns—BLIS and MLIS of one-year each generally referred to as 1+1 pattern, and two-year integrated MLIS programme. Table 1 shows that majority (7/8) of the departments offer1+1 pattern course only T.M.Bhagalpur University offered two-year integrated. Further, BLIS is being offered in distance mode in 6 and MLIS in 4 universities. Four universities offer the course through regular and distance mode while one (NOU, Patna) offers the same only through distance mode. Three universities (LNMU, Darbhanga, BBA Bihar university, Muzaffarpur and Veer Kunwar Singh University, Arrah) offers BLISc of 3 year duration and minimum eligibility for this course is an intermediate. Two universities (NOU, Patna and MMHAPU, Patna Muzaffarpur) offers certificate/Diploma courses and minimum eligibility for this course is an intermediate.

5.2. FACULTY The quality education depends on the performance of faculty as their skills to impart knowledge to the learner are the basis for on campus education system. Apparently that gives campus programmes an edge over distance education. UGC has formulated a comprehensive faculty policy for university education, with an aim to reach out to the learning needs of students. However, in practice there are several variations and hurdles. Teaching pedagogies generally focus on two aspects—teaching to transmit knowledge, and teaching to facilitate learning. Both the conceptions demand teacher’s skills to have efficient learning outcome. The curriculum indicates what the student has to ‘learn’, but it is teaching that makes the student to ‘understand’ the concept and acquire the necessary professional skill. It is obvious from Table 2 that faculty position is not rosy in all LIS departments of Bihar. There is no full-fledged faculty in Bihar, there are 6 university departments that are being managed with Guest faculty faculty, 1 university departments that are being managed with part time faculty faculty and 1 university departments that are being managed with adhoc faculty.

6. FINDING AND SUGESTION : •	Out of these 8 institutes under study, only T.M. Bhagalpur University has two years MLIS and other 7 universities have one year BLIs and MLIS. UGC has given a model curriculum for an integrated two-year MLIS course, so there should be more and more of the universities adapting to such  programs in the future.

•	There is no full-fledged faculty in Bihar, there are 6 university departments that are being managed with Guest faculty faculty, 1 university departments that are being managed with part time faculty faculty and 6 university departments that are being managed with adhoc faculty. so there should be fulltime  in the future.

•	T.M.Bhagalpur University follows the Ph.d. program in part time mode and but due to some barriers, this course is about to stop.

•	Designing the syllabus and course structure is essential for LIS field. But more university follows old syllabus, so there must be adopt new syllabus like UGC model.

•	The departments should try to make course more practice-oriented and as far as possible should offered in regular mode because as it is a professional course,  emphasis on hands-on practice is required to develop  skills and competencies among students. This must be thought of seriously.

•	University should give special care towards developing up-to-date infrastructural facilities and for fulltime Faculty.

•	There can be uniform course pattern. BLIS may be confined to distance education and colleges. Campus departments may offer postgraduate courses with limited enrolment and in-depth curricula slanted towards professional training. •	It is necessary to establish collaborative efforts among Departments of LIS, to develop and share the learning packages, educational materials and expertise of the faculty. . 7. CONCLUSION The domain of LIS needs to be redefined to identify the core jurisdiction of the discipline and its necessary adaptability in contemporary times. Indeed the need is to design fresh information science courses keeping in view the changing knowledge society. The efforts of the departments in Bihar Universities are not significant and sufficient. The seeds of LIS education in Bihar were sown 42 years ago in T. M. Bhagalpur University, Bhagalpur but after 42 year, Bihar have no fulltime Faculty. It is obvious from the analysis that the curriculum of LIS programme of T.M.Bhagalpur University, Bhagalpur, is outstanding with balanced emphasis on all aspects. Hence the need of the hour is to devise uniform eligibility criteria, fulltime faculty and selection policy that can really attract those students with aptitude and attitude for the profession.

8. BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES •	Saha, Ramkrishna. Todays LIS education. In Library science education in West Bengal, edited by Goutam  Goswami. Paper presented at the Fifty-first Bengal Library Conference, 18-20 December, 2009, Bantra Public Library, Howrah. Bengal Library Association, Kolkata, 2009. pp. 134- 40. •	Krishan Kumar & Sharma, Jaideep. Library and information science education in India. Har Anand, New Delhi, 2009; 312p. •	http://www.nou.ac.in(accessed on 21 march 2014). •	http://www.tmbu.ac.in/view_department.php?deptid=71 (accessed on  21 march 2014 •	http://www.pu.ac.in/lib_info_sc.html (accessed  21 march 2014). •	http://www. http://lnmu.inoday.co.in •