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The Egyptian - French Collaboration
Egyptian Antiquities Information System and Le Direction Régional des Affaires Culturelles Collaboration

(EAIS-DRAC)

Prepared by; Elshaimaa DESSOUKY EAIS Legal Researcher Report about the training in Aix en Provence (21 November – 19 December 2004)

Introduction:

In the cadre of protection and preservation for the Egyptian heritage through the Egyptian Antiquities Information System, and the Cooperation between Egypt and France through a cultural exchange between EAIS and DRAC (Direction Régional des affaires Culturelles) Provence –Alpes – Côte d'Azur, there are two trainees one from EAIS project (Elshaimaa Mohammad Fathy 'EAIS Legal Researcher') and the other from SCA (Perihane Radwan 'SCA Archaeologist') go to France "Aix en Provence" in order to train on the inventory of the patrimonial buildings in Marseille and Aix en Provence during a month (22 Nov. – 19 Dec.). The DRAC team represented in; Marceline BRUNET "Conservateur régional", Claudie GONTIER" Patrimoine rural et industriel", Genevičve NÉGREL "Patrimoine rural et urbain", Yvant POULIN, Laurent DELEROSSO, Nathalie PEGAND " Relevés et traitements graphiques", Marc HELLER " Photographie".

The objectives of this mission -	A kind of collaboration between the Egyptian Ministry of Culture and the French correspondence. -	To acquire more information about the heritage inventory in order to ameliorate the Egyptian system by making a comparison between both the Egyptian and French system and find out the methodology to be applied in Egypt. -	Observe the hi-technology in how to preserve and protect the heritage. -	To acquaint on the documentary and inventory system in France which is not concerning the antiquity buildings only but also the recent one, which are rich by an architectural value. -	Exchange experience. -	Best practices on specific reform topic. -	Present the Egyptian Geographic Information System handling through the Egyptian Antiquities Information System (EAIS) to the French team. -	Remedy the defects in the Egyptian system, by know the methodology of solving problems. -	To acquaint on the Heritage French Law. -	Work with the companion as a team to gain more technique and administration information. -	Improve the French language, by more communication with the French team. Le Service Régional de l'Inventaire Général Role through Direction Régional des Affaires Culturelles (DRAC): Le Service Régional de l'Inventaire Général is considered as a documentation department for all the patrimonial buildings including the 18th and 19th century, by using data sheets describes the buildings, then integrated in two database one for the architecture which is called "Merimée"* and the other for the mobile objects which is called "Palissy"*, with illustration cahiers for the architectural terms they are used in the database, using also sketches for the buildings they are working on (from exterior and interior), and also locate the building in Napoleon map, just to identify the parcel number. In addition there are photos taken to all the buildings they are working on and then integrated in Banque d'image by a serial number for each photo. DRAC Cooperation:

A) Agence d'Urbanisme de l'agglomération Marseillaise
DRAC cooperates with another organization "Agence d'Urbanisme de l'agglomération Marseillaise", which is using aerial images when there are any difference between the cadastre and the reality to locate the building but they do not change  anything in the cadastre, they are using also GPS points, then they add a new layer of the developments on the quarter they are working on within (1850-1870-1890-1910-1930) and also a relief map from 1851 to 1870, 1871 to 1890, 1891 to 1911, and from 1912 to 1930.


 * Merimée: It is a name of the first inspector in 19th Century
 * Palissy: It is a name of a well-known ceramist

Also they illustrate on a chart the development of using the génoise and corniche "ledge" in the constructions. They added another layer which is called the "Mode Juridique" or the juridical mode, classified in three types; a) the land location. b) Rent of the houses; which mean that someone buys a great number of houses and rent them to the others. c) The other case is that a person who own a land and build several buildings on it in order to rent them by their gardens. All these constructions are illegal until the issue of the law which prohibited that.

B) Centre d'Archéologie:
DRAC also cooperates with the archaeological center follows the Ministry of the Culture that uses the Geographic Information System for the archaeological sites and obtaining data from the DRAC.

Conclusion: -	Owing to the French team expected collaboration, the Egyptian delegates' aspects were accomplished. -	Realized an Egypt - France collaboration between DRAC and EAIS, which grant the continuously of this. -	DRAC team was cooperative, which facilitate and help us to comprehend the difficult architectural terms through practical exercises on the patrimonial buildings from 18th and 19th century. -	Browsing their database through www.culture.gouv.fr., www.culture.gouv.fr/culture/paca, and www.inventaire.culture.gouv.fr. -	They make documentation to all the type of architectural buildings, and integrated in Merimée database. -	They praised the EAIS role through the presentation done by the EAIS Legal Researcher and I provide them by the presentation CD. -	Provide DRAC team, by the EAIS legal work in order to know the Egyptian system in the archaeological sites registration. -	 Provide DRAC team, by the EAIS data sheets. -	EAIS Legal Researcher acquainted on the French laws website "www.legifrance.gouv.fr" after a meeting with the director of the Archeology Center M. Xavier DELESTRE. -	EAIS Legal Researcher explained EAIS website to DRAC team, and another organizations. -	The Archeology Center has the same Geographic Information System, and obtains their maps from every region they are working on. -	DRAC photo system can be checked through website www.photographiérlepatrimoine.culture.fr or www.marc.heller.free.fr. And also through Banque d'image "www.drac-image.gamsau.archi.fr." -	DRAC Photographers uses "Photo Stitch version 3.1" software to make a panoramic photo. -	This trip needed more organization by an official way, to demonstrate the role for each one of the Egyptian team in order to work as a team.

The mission Progress:

23rd Nov.: Meeting with Ms. Genevieve, and Ms. Claudie to present each other and they inform us the steps of work in DRAC in general. -	A demo by "Laurent" about one of the buildings type, they are working on in a town "Cap d'Ail" which is located between Nice and Monaco. The majority of these buildings are Italian style which characterized in the similarity of the windows shape, terrace which is considered an important thing in order to attract the exteriors and to view the nature from inside, so that they care about terrace construction in the façade of the building. -	The Italian style is a classic one characterized in columns and balcony in the middle of the building. -	Then the Italian style modified into a modern one, the windows shape is differ than before. Also there is one of the Italian architecture styles which is a "Belvedere"; it is as a room on the roof for two persons. In 1912, the building from interior decorated by a flourished ceiling and also the façade with an iron decorated gate. -	In 1900, the Bow Window is considered as an important thing in the Italian style. After that the Italian simplified the similarity in their architecture type of the Bow Window and in the other side of the building, there is a tower with the Bow Window shape and a Belvedere in the top of it.

24th Nov.: A demo by "Yvant" about the database, they uses Cin Doc version 4.1 software. There are two types of database, one is architectural called "Merimée" it is the name of the first inspector in 19th century, the other one is for the mobile objects called" Palissy". -	 They uses an ID Code which is IA06001386, " I" is symbolizes to inventory, "A" is symbolizes to architecture, "06" is symbolizes to the department which is a one of the city divisions, and then the number of the city for instance "Nice" -	The Location is classified into; region, commun, and department. Which are like the Egyptian divisions' governorate, district, and sub district. -	There are three publications illustrate the architectural terms, they are uses in the database, which are; 1- Architecture. 2- Description of Architecture System. 3- Thesaurus of Architecture.

25th Nov.: Make a field visit in Marseille, with Mme BRUNET, and Mme NEGRELLE to show us an example of buildings they are working on. L'Estaque* 18th century buildings style is a door and above it a rectangular window (4 doors + 4 windows above)*. -	Another module of the buildings is characterized in a door and a rectangular window beside it, and above there are two rectangular windows in the middle of the door and its beside window. -	This module decorated by a genoise, and the building of rich is decorated by a Cornish which is a classic style. The buildings from inside divided into one piece, kitchen and then another 2 pieces plus more floors by an interior stair. -	In 1886, the building constructed by two floors and commercial shops below, and in the top of the building a Cornish, not a genoise as before. -	New buildings were built as a village but by keeping the same module of the old one. -	Buildings in the two sides + a passage in the middle of them one side are houses and the other side are cabins for washing and then there's a "Gate". -	The house divided into two parts or three+ the cabins (to rent). (GOKH), it is looks like a compound of houses (7 or 8 compounds) -	In the beginning of the century, there were crafts and factories which are considered as a recent part "Bandu" in this quarter. -	The construction is changed after that, we found that the walls are lined and covered by cement, according to the cement fabrication there. -	The classic architecture is appeared after that, in the decoration of the houses gate. -	In 1930: the color of the façade was red, dark green, violet and mustard, but now the color is being rose or it's obliged to be "Clear".

-	By an interrogation from the EAIS legal Researcher about the colors of the façade and if there are any obligatory rules for that or not, Mme Brunet answered that every quarter has a palette to choose from it the color of the façade, and also there is a fixed certain palette for the supermarkets for example -	Another type of houses: closed by a gate and surrounded by a fence + a small garden. It is not a rental houses, it is a private one with a small terrace instead of a cabin, and also there is a washing basin. -	In 1817 there was another style, which is seems like a villa with a different module with a garden walled fence with holes in it to get out rain's water. -	There are houses constructed by Moresque style which is looks like the Arabian houses. One of them is called "La Palestine"*. It is protected by the Ministry of Culture -	In the 20th century, the houses are constructed on the hills. There is Spain and Italian people immigrated to France and owned houses and rent it infront of the hills. -	In the other side of the quarter there are another type of houses from 1905 in a grand street, and 1911 not as the other side in a narrow street in  between the hill which is called Pavionere type * such as villa name " l' Harmonie, Lilou,  Gayon " -	Another style of houses, its corniche "ledge" decorated by ceramic*. -	New constructions were appeared after a war between Germany and USA that the owners started in rent their houses, but Marseille houses didn’t affect by that.
 * It is a name of a region in Marseille
 * There are photos taken by the Legal Researcher, illustrate these types of buildings


 * It is a Moresque style, which is shown in the presentation by a photo taken by the EAIS Legal Researcher
 * A house with a garden + small gate decorated in the top of the villa
 * It refers that this a house for rich people

26th Nov. A discussion in DRAC office about: -	The classification of the country which is (the State – village – region – department*) -	The commune is responsible in making a classification of churches, and in France the government doesn't buy private houses. -	The Cadastre data: No. of parcel, land use, location, name of the owner, surface (by hectare), NCOMPT, Address, ACTSEC -	Then a demo about "Banque d'image" or the photos database: -	The database type classified into 1- simply research  2- Advance research Number of region departments •	Edition de cartex which means the last version of the photo or the best quality to be published •	Atelier de teinture : "photo colors" •	XA: means negative of the photos •	XE: means positive of the photos •	There is a check box to help the researchers, which called "Mot Clef" or key word. •	The ability to search by the architecture type, for instance; the military architecture. •	There is also an industrial heritage integrated in the database. •	They are mention under the photos; the copyright, name of the authority such as; ADAGP, 2004 and the communication (permissible or forbidden), reproduction (submit to a permission or forbidden) and the photo taken by whom. •	More illustration in the photos sites "http://drac-image.gamsau.archi-fr."

29th Nov.: In DRAC office -	Ms. Delphine showed us the numeric system of the photos and its db. -	I explained to DRAC team the EAIS website.

30th Nov.: In DRAC office; Preparation of l'Estaque Practical Exercise: -	They explained the sheets we will work on, which they are different than "Fiche Rose"*. These sheets are considered as a first step of their work. -	The maps which they are used to identify the location of the buildings with LAMBERT projection.

_____________________________________________________________________________
 * Subdivision for the region
 * NCOMPT, ACTSEC: Abbreviations mentioned to the location of the building
 * Which is enclosed with this report in DRAC documents folder

-	The buildings in the main street in l'Estaque are from 19th century. They are adjacent to each other; therefore for instance it is difficult to find a garage. -	APPLOT: means that sometimes shown on maps it is one house but after that, observed they are several houses because the owners sale some parcels and it had been built.

2nd Dec.: In Marseille: Urbanism Agency -	A presentation about the Urbanism Agency role with DRAC -	They are working with the DRAC team on what called GPV (Grand Protégé Ville) or a grand protected city. -	The type of work of the urbanism organization it is not historical but it is development economic, rehabilitation related to the policy of the city. -	If there is any difference between the cadastre and the reality they are refer to the aerial photo to locate the building but they didn’t change anything on the cadastre. They also use GPS points. -	They make relief maps for the district they are working on, as development urbanism in the area from 1850, 1870, 1911, and 1930. -	There is also a juridical mode, which is a map illustrating the buildings which were built in different cases illegally before the issue of the Law which is prohibited this kind of construction.

6th Dec.: Archives des plans à Marseille: plans archives " with Claudie"

-	It is an archive for all kind of land purchasing, which introduced to the Governor and sealed by his approval. -	Other time, the purchasing request introduced to a department which is called " Bureau des plans" or "Bureau Municipal à Hygiène". -	Enclosed with these requests one plan, cahier des charges *, letter of preprocessing of the cahier des charge, and a letter of arrangement program. -	There are another documents of housing on 1965, it is a certificate prove the decrees application for year 1953 to obtain the authorization of these housing.


 * It is a construction regulations and a land explanation "e.g.; school land" in 19th Century

-	All these regulations based on official decrees (of 23-10-1945) and the Urbanism and Habitation Law (article; 105 to 111, 113 to 114). -	There is also a certificate by an authorization for sale with a number and the year, which mentioned in it for instance; a person demand divide the parcel, enclosed with that the name of the owner, cadastre, and buyer name. -	There is a map illustrate the extension of the district. -	All these documents are computerized, to facilitate the searching operation. -	All these documents filing, by the name of the region and a code for the urbanism.

7th Dec

-	The architecture style in Marseille is 18th century and 19th  century is considered as an international style ( Italian one ) which are found in Marseille and Cairo -	In the 18th century the style of construction is just a big rectangular window in the façade without any decoration, just a cement frame around it. In the 19th century the balconies are appeared. -	The rich houses are decorated by a great ironed decorated gate and some of them built by a big decorated glass balcony look like a bow – window shape. -	Then a demo from the photographer "Marc Heller", to show us the steps of his work which is; there is a normal photo black and white by a squared size or a normal slides. A big size also black and white. Then a colored negative if they need a detailed photo or not -	He uses camera with different lenses types. Then the slides insert in the projector and quantify the dimensions of the photo to print them out. -	They use also a digital camera, then scan the photos and configure it on photoshop. -	Browsing DRAC photos through www.photographierle patrimoine.culture fr. -	www.marc's heller.free.fr ( it is marc's website for his photo ) -	Demo from Nathalie and Claudie about the stage of maps and sketches in their work. -	They uses "Core DRAW 8" software, in colored the maps of the districts they working on. Each color illustrate, is there an agriculture, olive, buildings…. -	There is a "no. de conte" which means "number of the document" to facilitate researching. ____________________________________________________________________________ -	Symbolize the map as a classification by periods (1845 to 1874….), this is related to the register they did and the map "which shown as follow"

Section	Parcel	Usage Maison Inclut	Zone dit Narthe	Propriétaire	Cadastre Actuelle

6'	1 2			Nom Profession Address	Section	Parcel

-	They draw another type of maps which is a map of hills, and another one illustrate if there are farms, castles…* -	Then a drawing illustrates the development of corniche "ledge" from 1857 to 1913.

8th Dec.: A meeting with Pascal Marrou "Carte d'archaeologie"from Center of      Archaeology, and its director Mr. Xavier DELESTRE : -	The center of archaeology uses the same system of EAIS which is Geographic Information System, they obtain maps from each district they are working on to localize the archeological sites and data on them, and they obtain data from DRAC. -	After an interrogation from the Legal Researcher about the procedures taken towards any intrusions on the archaeological sites, Pascal answered that he didn't know but may be his director therefore I required a copy of the archaeological French Law. -	Then, on the afternoon a meeting with the director of the center, the meeting going as a presentation for each other, and after an interrogation from the Legal Researcher about the French archaeological Law, he gave me a URL of French laws which is www.legifrance.gouv.fr.


 * N.B.: Always the date of construction is different between archives and maps

9th Dec.: With Yvant-	He browses to us their database through www.culture.gouv.fr. -	There are several databases, which are arranged alphabetically. -	Another URLs to be checked are; www.culture.gover.fr/culture/paca, then choose the Heritage Atlas "L'atlas du patrimoine", www.inventaire.culture.gover.fr ; it is for all the inventory generally and www.bnf.fr. For"Bibliothèque National de France" the national Library of France

10th Dec.: Practical exercise in district "Mazarant" with Genevieve, Claudie and Nathalie: -	Discuss to us the style of Hotel "Bonnet de la Baume" époque Louis XVI, which is occupied nowadays by Lawyers, and doctors offices. -	The hotel constructed as 2 floors with grand rectangular windows in the façade, a big garden divided into two with a fence in between, a fountain inside it, house of a guardian and an annex for horses before but now it is occupied as storage, closed with a grand black metal gate. -	Another type of buildings is a Hotel "De Caumont" from XVIII century; it is occupied nowadays by the Conservatoire of France. Its style of construction characterized in grand statues beside the stairs from interior. -	Then the rest of the training days were spent on DRAC department to check with them if there are any explanations

17th Dec.: In DRAC Office: -	EAIS Legal Researcher presented a French presentation, illustrating the role of the Egyptian Antiquities Information System. After that discussion with DRAC team about it, and provide them by a copy of Legal work, data sheets and presentation CD.

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