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INTRODUCTION TO SERIAL COMMUNICATION :
Computers transfer data in two ways:

--> parallel Communication --> serial Communication.

Parallel Communication :

In parallel data transfers, often 8 of More lines are used to transfer data to a device that is only few feet away.

Examples of parallel transfer are, printers and hard disks; each uses cables with many strips .To transfer to a device located many meters away, the serial method is used.

Serial Communication :

In serial communication data is sent one bit at a time. AT89S8252 has, with SPI interface, serial Communication capability built into it, thereby making possible fast data transfer using only a three wires to the PC. When a micro controller communicates with the outside world, it provides the data in byte sized chunks in ASCII code format.

In some cases, such as printers, the information is simply grabbed from the 8-bit data bus and presented to the 8-bit data bus of the printer.

For serial data communication to work the byte of data must be converted to serial bits using a parallel-in-shift-out register; then it can be transmitted over a single data line. This also means that receiving end there must be a serial-in-parallel-out shift register to receive serial data and pack them into a byte. Serial data communication uses two methods,
 * Asynchronous
 * synchronous.

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