User talk:Estheryoon91/sandbox

This is an annotated bibliography.

Acharya, R. D. (2006). Political censorship and its impact in Nepal.

This article examines the media and political censorship in Nepal. The government Nepal mishandles the democratic constitution on the freedom of expression because of inexperienced leader and improper reformation of government system. It describes that the political censorship in Nepal not only threatens the news production, but also makes journalists self-censored. And this article argues that the political censorship has become major obstacles to the freedom of expression and the process of the right to know guaranteed in the constitution.

Acharya, U., & Sigdel, S. Press Freedom in Constitution of Nepal 2015.

This article describes that press freedom in the constitution of Nepal. It examines how the constitution has been changed and inconsistencies that the constitution has. This also examines the uncleanness of the meaning of the constitution and how it makes contradictions between law and actual acts.

DeNardis, L. (2012). Hidden levers of Internet control: An infrastructure-based theory of Internet governance. Information, Communication & Society, 15(5), 720-738.

This article examines the censorship on the Media and Internet by the government. It gives an evidence of that Nepalese government cut off international internet connections during the marital law declared in 2005.

Grieve, G. P. (2006). Religion/Culture/Critique : Retheorizing Religion in Nepal. New York, US: Palgrave Macmillan. Retrieved from http://www.ebrary.com.offcampus.lib.washington.edu

This book does not describe specifically about censorship. But it discusses about the religion, traditions of religious behavior, and the culture related to religion in Nepal. This book shows how the religion has influenced the society and the culture of Nepal. This article can be related to the religious censorship with other articles.

Gyawali, S. (2014, June 9). Censorship in Nepal: Forms and Evolution - Fair Observer. Retrieved October 27, 2016, from http://www.fairobserver.com/region/central_south_asia/censorship-in-nepal-forms-evolution-73208/ This journal describes how the forms of censorship in Nepal have been evolved over time. He talks about religious censorship in Nepal as well as film censorship. He argues that the forms of censorship keep changing as Nepal become democratized and those have been used as a tool for political issues and foreign policy. Also, it describes that even if the constitution guarantees the freedom of opinion and expression in Nepal, the constitution still require self-censorship or reasonable restriction existed in the society.

Hutt, M. (2006). Things That Should Not Be Said: Censorship and Self-Censorship in the Nepali Press Media, 2001–02. The Journal of Asian Studies, 65(02), 361-392. This article examines that the workings of censorship and self-censorship with the developments of press media in the recent history and different forms and aspects of press censorship. He talks about the growth of local-language print media adoption by the national government can be also seen as the the rising levels of literacy in South Asian languages.

Kaur, R., & Mazzarella, W. (2009). Censorship in South Asia: cultural regulation from sedition to seduction. Indiana University Press.

This book discusses about different censorship of countries in South Asia. In Nepal, this examines the censor board. It argues that as a mess media emerges, the disbelief has got even serious with the rumors widespread and circulated about the King.

Maharjan, H. M. (2010). Machinery of state control: History of cinema censor board in Nepal. Bodhi: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 4(1), 168-190. This article describes about the film censorship in Nepal. The censor board established by the state works as the machinery of state control in film industry. It examines how the state control has to be changed for the people’s right to know. The censor board has been scissoring the scenes harmful to the society and the nation.

Nepal: Mission finds worsening law reform, impunity and self-censorship. (2012, February 28). Retrieved October 26, 2016, from https://www.article19.org/resources.php/resource/2974/en/nepal:-mission-finds-worsening-law-reform,-impunity-and-self-censorship This article argues that the strengthened proposed constitution for the freedom of expression, the media, and information actually weaken those found in the previous constitution. With the legal and policy reform, and attacks on journalists and the culture of impunity lead and promote self-censorship of journalists in Nepal.

Pande, S. (2014, September 11). Censorship and Freedom of Expression. Retrieved October 27, 2016, from http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/news/2014-11-09/censorship-and-freedom-of-expression.html This article examines the censorship in Nepal. Censorship is often seen in film, books, and art works. Even though the constitution says the freedom of expression and new Nepal, the board still remove sexual scenes, expletives, and jokes. She criticizes the board which scare writers and artists for having the freedom of expression.

Self Censorship in Nepal: Journalists talk about censoring themselves [Video file]. (2014, August 21). In Self Censorship in Nepal: Journalists Talk about Censoring Themselves. Retrieved October 26, 2016, from http://asd.org.np/voices/self-censorship-nepal-journalists-talk-censoring/

This video shows that journalists in Nepal try to criticize, find weaknesses, and bring out bad deeds of the society and the government, however, those are not accepted in the society. The municipality, police, administration office all terrorize and scare journalists in Nepal. However, they still encourage themselves to speak little loudly and write the true information the society wants to hide every day, even if police burn them and ignore what journalists argue when they write something true in the newspaper. They are censored by their extracurricular activities which are not based on facts related to the event. This video shows how much journalists in Nepal now care about their security while they write the truth in the newspaper.