User talk:Farid Agazada

Shah Ismail Khatai was born on June 23, 1487 in the city of Ardabil. Starting from the time of Sheikh Safiaddin Ardabili, who lived at the turn of the XIII-XIV centuries, Darul-Irshadi became one of the strongest centers of scientific and philosophical meetings in the Middle East. The Safavid movement, known as Qizilbashlik, was formed here and spread to many countries of the East. The Sufis and disciples who came here with confidence supported Ismail's grandfather, Sheikh Junayda, and his father, Sheikh Heydar, and helped them to lay the foundation of a new state. Ismayil's involvement in battles at a very young age, the creation of a powerful Azerbaijani state in the future were the result of centuries-old struggles of his grandfathers. Ismail also belonged to a well-established family. Her mother, Alemshah Bey, was the daughter of Uzun Hasan, the ruler of Aghgoyunlu. The establishment of kinship relations between the Aghkoyunlular and the Safavids was due to the growing influence of this dynasty. However, the relations of the Aghkoyunlular with the Safavids did not remain stable, and the growing power of the Safavids frightened them. Sheikh Heydar was brutally killed, and his wife, Alemshah Bey, was imprisoned in Istakhr along with her two sons, Ibrahim and little Ismayil. After the assassination of Aghgoyunlu ruler Sultan Yagub, Rustam Mirza released Sheikh Heydar's children from prison in order to use the Safavids in the struggle for power. The Aghkoyunlus, who later realized their mistakes, could not capture Ismail and his family again. Shah Ismail was brought up by Lala Huseyn bey under the auspices of Hasan khan, the ruler of Gilan, and was raised as a statesman. The name of the new state to be Safavids is taken from the name of Sheikh Safiaddin Ardabili (1252-1335), one of the ancestors of Ismail, popularly known as Sheikh Safi. In 1499, Ismail and his supporters decided to seize power. The battles for power among the Aghkoyunlular were the best conditions for this. Assessing these favorable conditions, Ismayil and his supporters marched to Ardabil with a group of 70 people. Along the way, they are joined by a large number of people from the tribes of Ustagli, Tekeli, Varsag, Qajar, Zulqadar and Afshar. They enter Ardabil, visit the mausoleum of Sheikh Safi and talk about their future plans. Envoys are sent to other countries and cities to warn the followers of the disbanded Safavid sect about what will happen. The main group led by Ismayil is moving in the direction of Ganja, Karabakh and Goycha lakes, passing through Chukursad and reaching Sarigaya plateau. The gathering of Gizilbash gangs in Erzincan caused Ismayil's supporters to flock to him. This event takes up to a year. The meeting in Erzincan decided to march on Shirvan. in 1500, Ismail met Shirvanshah Farrukh Yasar with an army of seven thousand with twenty thousand cavalry and six thousand infantry on the Jabanu plain near Shamakhi. Farrukh Yasar is defeated and wants to escape to Bugurd fortress. On the way, he was captured and killed by relatives of Lala Hussein Bey. Later, the captives of Shirvanshahs learned that the man was Farrukh Yasar. After this victory, the Red Army marched on Baku. Along with the capture of Baku, the capital of the Shirvanshahs, the Shirvan treasury was also seized. Ismayil then returned to Shamakhi with his army and prepared to capture the fortresses of Bugurd, Gulustan and Surkhab. The news of Aghgoyunlu Alvand Mirza's attack on Julfa during the siege of Gulustan fortress forces Ismayili to return with his commanders. Groups of Aghkoyunlular moving in different directions are defeated by Qizilbash. The main battle between Alvand Mirza and Ismail took place on the Sharur plain near Nakhchivan. Despite the presence of cannons and rifles in the army of Alvand Mirza with the help of Venetians, they were defeated. Alvand Mirza escaped with a small group and fled to Erzincan. After this glorious victory, in which the first goal of Aghgoyunlu was defeated, Ismail left for Tabriz. Here, declaring himself king, he founded the Safavid state and delivered a sermon in his name.After a while, Shah Ismail expanded the borders of the Safavid state. In 1503, Mazandaran, in 1504, Yazd, Kirman, Fars, Kashan, in 1506, Marash, Diyarbakir, and in 1508, Baghdad, all of Iraq joined the Safavid dynasty. A sermon is read before Shah Ismail's army enters Baghdad. During his stay in Baghdad, he took great care of the shrines and destroyed many gangs involved in robberies. As it is known, during the Timurids many Azerbaijani scientists and cultural figures and artists were exiled to Samarkand, Herat and Bukhara. The victory of the Safavids over the Sheybani allowed their children to return to their ancestral lands. At the beginning of the first quarter of the 16th century, the situation in Central Asia was not so good. Sultan Hussein Baygara was harassed by his close relatives on the one hand, and by Sheybani khan on the other. To do this, he established friendly relations with Shah Ismail through his envoys in order to get rid of his enemies. With his sudden death in 1505, Sheibani Khan's cunning victory over his successor changed the situation considerably. After the occupation of Khorasan and Herat, Sheibani khan sent biased letters to Shah Ismail, full of insults and threats. Shah Ismail, who twice tried to normalize relations by sending envoys to Sheybani khan's palace, realized that it was impossible to establish peaceful relations with the khan, who considered this generosity as cowardice. Shah Ismail wrote a letter to Sheybani khan in 1510, stating that he was preparing to visit Mashhad and was rapidly advancing towards Khorasan. Upon learning of this sudden march of the Qizilbash, Sheybani khan took refuge in the Merv fortress. Ismail persuades the Sheybani to use a military ploy to order his army to return. Leaving the fortress, Sheybani khan was suddenly defeated and killed by the attacking redheads. A large area from Khorasan and Herat to Badakhshan, Kabul and Kandahar joined the Safavid rule. Herat became the second important center of the Safavids. Ismayil's son Tahmasib was appointed governor of Central Asia, centered in Herat. Ismail remained in Herat until the winter of 1510. The rapid development of the Safavids, their rapid transformation into the most powerful state in the region, and the spread of the Qizilbash ideology among the population of neighboring states, as well as Ottoman-ruled countries, led to hostile attitudes toward the Safavids. Shah Ismail was cautious with the Ottomans from the earliest days of the Safavids until the Battle of Chaldiran. Despite the fact that the Ottoman sultan Bayazid was initially hostile to the Safavids, later good relations developed with Ismail. This is evidenced by the Ottomans' recognition of the Safavid state in 1504. Salim, nicknamed Yavuz, the ruler of Trabzon at that time, despised Sultan Beyazid's relationship with Shah Ismail. He saw the growing red-headed movement in Turkey, which was gaining strength day by day, as a dangerous force for the empire. That is why he intended to take decisive action. As soon as Sultan Selim came to power in 1512, he began to strengthen his country internally. Despite the protests of the Janissaries and many government officials, he compiled a list of redheads, executed more than forty thousand, and stamped some redheads with a hot iron to learn a lesson. After that, he gathered the clergy and issued a fatwa against the redheads. After this preparation, Sultan Selim's army, armed with two hundred thousand firearms and heavy desert cannons, began to march on the Safavids. Shah Ismail objected to the proposal to attack the Ottoman army, which was encamped near Maku, in the dark of night, by saying, "I am not a bandit." Finally, in broad daylight, two magnificent Turkish armies meet. The battle lasts for three days. Despite the bravery of Ismail and his commanders, the Ottomans won the battle. Severely wounded Ismail is removed from the battle zone. One of the main reasons for Ismail's defeat was Ismail's overconfidence, his invincibility, his disobedience to wise counsel, and his tactical mistakes. On the other hand, Ismail's poor preparation for this battle and his disbelief in the war with the Ottomans until the day of the battle were among the reasons for his defeat. The severe consequences of this first defeat of Shah Ismail are gradually manifesting themselves. Diyarbakir, then Erzincan joins the Ottoman lands. The ringing defeat shook Ismayili deeply, after which he could not recover. Because this defeat was not an ordinary defeat. It meant the destruction of all their dreams. After the Battle of Chaldiran, Shah Ismail did not make any serious military trips until the end of his life. Shortly before his death, Shah Ismail decided to go hunting because he felt tired. When Shah Ismail, who came to Sheki, was preparing to hunt for Shahdag, one of the locals said that the height would harm his health, but he did not care. Finally, during the hunt, he had health problems, and Shah Ismail, who did not feel well, immediately returned to Ardabil. As his condition did not improve here, they immediately left for Tabriz. The situation near Sarab is so bad that they have to camp in Mangutai. Despite all the interventions, it is impossible to save the life of the ruler. The prominent statesman passed away on June 23, 1524. His commanders brought his body to Ardabil and buried it in the mausoleum of Sheikh Safi next to his grandfather. Shah Ismail, who died at the age of 38, has to give up his dreams and aspirations for Azerbaijan. What he has done in a short time will always live in his heart. This struggle of Shah Ismayil stemmed from his desire to create a single Azerbaijani state. He translated the Azerbaijani-Turkish language into the state language and did an incredible job in the political, social, economic and cultural development of the country.

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