User talk:Fayetifull

FORM CLASSES AND FUNCTION WORDS

We know that words can be grouped to produce mea ningful structures which we called the basic sentence patterns.We also learned that a sentence is a particular arrangement of words or occasionally one word,to express a complete unit of thought and that even complicated structures can be seen as variations of expanded basic sentence patterns.

Now,lets look into smaller components of sentence parts.We shall begin by identifying the main form classes and function words to which grammarians long ago gave the name parts of speech.We shall retain this term though the methods we shall use to identify them will not be traditional criteria of identification and definitions.We must remember that in the kind of grammatical analysis we are here using, must make our classification on the basis of form, not of meaning.What this implies is that we must rely on the signals of structure meaning, among which are word order(the arrangement or sequence in which words appear in an utterance);prosody(the over-all musical pattern os stress,pitch,and juncture in which the words of an utterance are spoken);inflections(morphemic changes such as the addition of suffixes as s or es endings);and derivational contrast ( The contrast between words which have the same base but differ in the number and nature of their derivational affixes).

In english there are four forms of classes -- nouns,verbs,adjectives and adverbs which consist of words that can be inflected;i.e. they can change their form (spelling). These are called form of classes bec. they have special forms -- signals or characteristics of position and form, as endings and the like which mark them off one from ather.They are also called content words bec. they are used for things,actions or qualities.

FORM CLASSES OR CONTENT WORDS THE NOUN

The usual definition of a noun is "a word that names aperson,place,or thing." In addition to this however,we can say that a noun in English is a word that (1) can be infected for the plural and the possessive and (2) can be put in certain positions in the sentences.The first criterion is based on position.We will make these statements clearer in the discussion that follows. Observe the ff. examples:

Writers are concerned with the true,the good and the beautiful. (NOUNS) His writings are true,good,and beautiful. (ADJECTIVES)

TYPES OF NOUNS 1.Proper nouns are the names of specific people,places and things.They are seldom used with noun determiners** of any kind. Kawabata Yasunari is Japan's Nobel Prize winner for literature in 1968. He delivered a lecture of acceptance in Stockholm,Sweden. Snow Country is his best known novel. 2.Common nouns are names applied to any one of a class of persons,places or things. Ideally the director of the film is also the editor. The scene of the movie were laid out in the country. 3.Collective nouns indicate a group of persons or things taken as a unit.They are troublesome bec.sometimes they are treated as singulars,sometimes as plural,depending on the speaker's point of view. The audience enthussiastically applauded the pianist. The chorus sang Mendelssohn's "Elija". The orchestra played the first movement of Beethoven's "Symphony No.5." 4.Abstract noun name ideas or qualities that are known by their effects but have themselves no physically form or body. Beauty is a favorite subject of art. Judging sincerity in art is extremely difficult. Greatness in art comes not from the subject but from the artist. 5.Mass (or non-count) nouns are those that cannot be preceded by a/an or a numeral,but which can be preceded in the singular by a markers such as little,some,any,much and certain other expressions of quantity.Such nouns name substances that are by nature formless and can neiyher be counted nor maesured.Generally,non-count nouns are not pluralized. Oil is a favorite medium of painters. Tempera painting uses agg yolk,glue or milk. Wax was used by the Egyptians for portraits.

FORMAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NOUN Nouns are identified by definite criteria,the most important of which are the ff. 1. A noun is a word preceded by a function word called a noun determiner. If it is a proper noun, it is marked by a capital letter.Such expressions as the,a,an,my ,your,our,few and some are always followed by nouns. The Angkor Vat is a temple-mountain in Cambodia. A proud king undertook this project. Few monuments can equal the Angkor Vat. Much labor and expense were involved. 2.A noun has two inflections, the plural form-s or es and possessive or genitive- 's. Manila is acity of churches and bridges. His friends are painters and musicians. Let's shop at Farmer's Market and Rustan's. 3.A noun is a word use to name a person,place or thing. Proper Noun: Dante,Bach,Rome,French,Los Angeles Times,Liszt Common Noun: nation,clock,teapot,statue,epic,ballet Collective Noun: crowd,regiment,herd,congregation Abstract Noun: dignity,faith,hope,communism Mass Noun: rice,salt,tea,water,iron,steel 4. A noun fills a certain characteristics position in relation to other parts of speech in phrases and utterances. (a) It usually occurs before thge verb in the N        +           VPattern Journalist              write. Goya                    painted and etched. The band                is playing.

(b) It follows such words as at,on,in,to,by,from in the Prep. +                N pattern "Pieta" is by michelangelo. This statue is at St. Peter's in Rome. "Environment" is in the cathedral of Florence. Both statues are about 7 feet each. (c) It comes after the verb in an S + V + C pattern or in an S + V + N pattern. Mochtar Lubes is an Indonesian writer. He authored Twilight in djakarta. His other novel is Road Without End. 5. A noun may be identified by various derivational suffixes added either to stem or parts of speech as verbs, adjectives, or other nounns. Ex: (-ee) draftee,employee,examinee,payee (-er) painter,writer,engineer,photographer (-ist) violinist,pianist,artist,novelist (-ness)coldness,friendliness,kindness 6. A noun is a word used in various ways in the sentence; its position determiners its function as follows: a. Before the Verb: as Subject The Taj Mahal is in India. The Stonehenge rises on Salisbury Plan. b. After the Verb: as Direct Object Albert Camus wrote The Stranger wagner composed Tannhauser c. After a Linking Verb: as a Subjective Complement The Bible is a great art. A ballad is a narrative poem intende3d to be sung. d.Side by side with another Noun as Appositive Frank Lloyd Wright, an American architect widely used cantilevers. "Silent Night," a Christmast carol is attributed to Franz Gruber. e. Beginning or end of a sentence: as Nominative of address Class, please pay attention. Turn on the electric fan,Albert.