User talk:Fish0160

Some notes from my learning!!

open building
Open Building; brief introduction  Open Builiding is the term used to indicate a number of different, but related ideas about the making of environment.

For instance:


 * The idea of distinct Levels of intervention in the built environment, such as those represented by 'support' and 'infill', or by urban design and architecture.


 * The idea that users / inhabitants may make design decisions as well.


 * The idea that, more generally, designing is a process with multiple participants also including different kinds of professionals.


 * The idea that the interface between technical systems allows the replacement of one system with another performing the same function. ( As with different fit-out systems applied in a same base building.)


 * The idea that built environment is in constant transformation and change must be recognized and understood.


 * The idea that built environment is the product of an ongoing, never ending, design process in which environment transforms part by part.

Those who subscribe to the Open Building approach seek to formulate theories about the built environment seen in this dynamic way and to develop methods of design and building construction that are compatible with it.

Introduction
-In some cases it is the results of what happened earlier in the developed world that have led to the present serious situations in the developing world;situations which in turn are now set to aggravate future problems in the same areas. -For example,it is not uncommon to find the environmentally harmful automobiles once driven in the developed countries being put to a second use in the developing ones now. -Accordingly,our account will have to pay attention to these regional lags in the stages of development,and to the differences in the environmental problems found one region to another. -a restriction in the use of cars V.S. effecitve pricing -geographical features,climate,socio-economic -technology,regulation,information and public awareness and economic instruments
 * Means of transport
 * International
 * Inter-City
 * Urban(Interactions betweeen Modes)
 * Environment problems
 * Vehicles(Emissions,Noise/Vibration..)
 * Infrastructure(Spatial Separation of Community..)
 * Time span
 * Policy objectives
 * Strategies for the attainment of policy objectives
 * Policy instruments

Project Management
http://www.managementhelp.org/plan_dec/project/project.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_management

urban spraw

 * 無限制向外延伸發展
 * 低密度住宅與商業發展
 * 跳躍式發展造成農地與自然地區的耗損
 * 管理權分散於政府各部門
 * 高速公路與私人汽車遍佈
 * 缺乏都市集中計畫與土地利用管制
 * 分散的大型購物中心與賣場
 * 各地方的財政收支不均
 * 低收入戶居住於髒亂的舊市區
 * 鄰近郊區快速發展而市中心地區衰退

智慧型成長的目標
鼓勵以內在式發展來有效利用現有的土地資源和設施，避免提供重複性功能和缺乏效率的土地利用.
 * 為社區建立正面的自我形象
 * 讓市中心充滿活力並適於居住
 * 降低不合標準的居住區域
 * 解決空氣、水、毒性物質及噪音等污染
 * 增進社群間交流
 * 增加社區居民接觸藝術的機會

Oregon-Portland city

人類動機的理論
生理的需求>>安全的需求>>情感的需求>>受然尊重的需求>>自我實現的需求（Maslow,1943）

人們會尋找行為者以下三方面
一貫性、統一性、特殊性

因為無法簡化問題的複雜

 * 忽略一部份資訊，以減少認知負擔
 * 過渡使用某些資訊，以避免尋找更多的資訊
 * 接受一個不盡完美的選擇，因為既有的選擇已經夠好了（跟現況比）