User talk:FrancessO/sandbox

Practice Experience Research Brainstorm: Selecting Possible Articles

Area: Sub-Saharan Africa

Topics of Interest: Historical context of relationships between ethnic groups History of foreign aid/interventions: Successes Failures Sustainability Cultural context of health initiatives: Public health Policies Interventions Healthcare systems Health practices Alternative medicine Traditional vs. Western approaches

Potential Articles: “Sub-Saharan Africa” (with subheading: “Health care” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa#Health_care) Notes: Gives a brief summary of most influential healthcare reforms, policies, and health system interventions and points to specific examples within countries (i.e.: Mali, Ghana, etc.); also mentions some of the most critical health challenges faced in the region (i.e.: maternal mortality, HIV/AIDS, malaria, female genital mutilation, etc.). Could be extrapolated as a separate article rather than as sub-content so as to include more detailed information about healthcare in this region; information provided is too concise to cover a region comprising 46 countries. “Western Influence on Africa (with subheading: “Health and Wellness” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_influence_on_Africa#Health_and_Wellness) Notes: Article has potential-- the topic is very relevant and would be useful for exploration of my research, especially as it pertains to how Western thought may (or may not) have influenced health practices, reform, and interventions in the Sub-Saharan region of Africa. However, the submission is written as an opinion essay/personal reflection and is not linked to other reference articles, which begs the question of its credibility.

Sector: Healthcare & Medicine

Topics of Interest: Existing socio-cultural taboos/stigmatized areas of health (i.e.: mental health, sexual & reproductive health) Health systems Coexistence Differences Barriers to healthcare access Unmet need Prevalence of existing health conditions/ Concentrations of highest rates

Potential Articles: “Health Equity” (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_equity) Notes: This article is extremely applicable to my research as it details the significance of multiple factors that impact health equity in society (i.e.: socioeconomic status, education, sex & gender, race & ethnicity, sexual orientation, culture, etc.). This article will provide a solid foundation for understanding the importance of equitable access to healthcare as it relates to my practice experience.

“Global Health Initiatives” (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Health_Initiatives) Notes: This article is also very relevant to my research as it includes information about how global health initiatives (GHIs) function to fundraise for disease management and control as well as improve health systems in developing countries. Though detailed in content, this article could benefit from including subheadings per continent/ region to reference specific examples of how GHIs have historically and currently impacted health systems around the world.

Peer Review
It appears that most of the edits for the Sector article are focused on improving grammar and tone, so I will focus my review on the Area article

History of Healthcare Development

 * I think this is a great start and I see your indication that you are planning to continue to expand on this topic. Some points that I think could be interesting to include could be what prompted the imitative in the first place, what were its goals, and what were the impacts

National Healthcare Systems and Expenditures

 * it would be interesting to have more details about the different levels of healthcare providers: what are the differences between all of them, what services do they provide and where

Major Health Challenges and Infectious Diseases

 * this section seems quite strong to me. I am not sure if you plan to continue expanding it by including more health issues, but it feels like a reasonable length to me

Overall
I think this is an excellent start to your article. You are providing the right amount of details without it feeling too overbearing, and are keeping a uniform encyclopedic tone Sneha.s.mehta (talk) 23:56, 19 March 2018 (UTC)

Peer Review by Liz Go
History of Healthcare Development When salary and personnel expenditures take up between 60 and 70% of hospital resources, there is little left for other hospital expenditures.[2] To make matters worse, sub-Saharan governments have had to implement the structural adjustment policies recommended by the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF). Its as if the entire system globally functioned on the line that, the poorer the country, the more its inhabitants and people are required to pay for health care out of their individual pockets; the most in need are consequently ignored. The social and economic tasks confronting African countries are gigantic on several fronts, e.g., infrastructure, health, education, security, etc., and the resources to fund them miserably small. a large number of African countries have begun to work at setting up various types of universal medical insurance coverage, such as Senegal, Ghana, Gabon, Cote d’Ivoire, Kenya, and Benin, in an effort to reduce social inequalities. Here mention must be made of the 300 or so medical doctors trained at the School of Medicine in Dakar (Senegal) by French professionals between 1918 and 1950,[7] who made a major contribution to the almost complete eradication of the epidemic and endemic diseases that took a heavy toll on West African peoples, such as trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness), plague, yellow fever, smallpox. Today, health care services have the opportunity of benefiting from technological (e-Health) and managerial innovations.[2,3,6]
 * These sentences don't fully convey the encyclopedic tone. I would suggest avoiding phrases like, "To make matters worse", "It's as if", etc)
 * This sentence does not sound neutral, since it is based on an opinion
 * A large number of African countries, such as Senegal, Ghana, Gabon, Cote d’Ivoire, Kenya, and Benin, have begun to work at setting up various types of universal medical insurance coverage in an effort to reduce social inequalities.
 * I would remove the phrase, "Here, mention must be made"
 * Also, the last sentence does not convey the encyclopedic tone

Article 2 These represent a major change in direction from the past decade’s focused investment on disease-specific programs such as the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) and the President’s Malaria Initiative in an ambitious approach to tackle broader structural challenges in service delivery. The focus on primary health care for women and children, health system strengthening, and country ownership is a necessary step in building a future where local health systems are capable of providing sustainable health care services. Numerous studies have failed to link foreign assistance with comprehensive economic development; in fact, in some accounts, countries that received the most aid have seen the least growth.5 This history highlights the need to evaluate aid programs more rigorously, especially in a political climate that stresses accountability for an effect with taxpayers’ dollars. There is little doubt that aid can work, but there is considerable uncertainty about how to make it work. The challenge is how to transform dollars into effective programs. This challenge for the GHI is also an unusual opportunity to generate new knowledge on the effectiveness of foreign aid generally and for health improvement in particular. New approaches to delivering aid, such as results-based financing hold promise as potentially effective tools that circumvent perennial pitfalls such as misunderstanding local incentives and failure to encourage local innovation in service delivery. New methods for evaluating aid programs using randomized experiments are gaining momentum. Overall, it sounds like you may need more sources to create a more impartial article. Your drafts look to be a great start, but they include a lot of opinion, which needs to be separated from fact. It would also be helpful to see which sources this information came from. Liz.go (talk) 06:42, 20 March 2018 (UTC)
 * It wasn't listed/mentioned, so I'm not sure what the article is
 * Using the word "ambitious" makes the sentence sound non-neutral
 * This sentence is not neutral.
 * It would be helpful to talk about those studies more and cite them, and also add some other sources to make your point less biased
 * This is opinion, rather than fact
 * Encyclopedic tone