User talk:Franm17

THE GALLIPOLI CAMPAIGN

The Gallipoli Campaign, also known as The Battle Of Gallipoli was an incredibly unsuccessful attempt by the Allied powers to control the sea rout from Europe to Russia, however,  the allies main intention was to force Germany’s ally Turkey out of the war, and get supplies through the Dardanelles to Russia. The Gallipoli Campaign began on the 19TH of February 1915 as a naval campaign with British and French battleships sent to attack Constantinople, (now Istanbul). A third of the battleships were sunk in one single day, 18TH March 1915. The Gallipoli Campaign then continued with a massive land invasion of British, French and ANZAC soldiers in the early hours of April 25TH 1915 in ANZAC cove. The Gallipoli Campaign was also Australia’s first land campaign of World War One. The Gallipoli Campaign was organised by the Priminister of England, Winston Churchill, and the leader of The Gallipoli Campaign was Sir Ian Hamilton, who’s army would occupy the Gallipoli peninsula, in order for the elimination of Turkish land and shore defences, which would open up the Dardanelles for the navy to sail though. In the meantime, the ANZACS would be able to land on the western coast, north of Gaba Tepe. On 25TH April 1915 early in the morning, about 16,000 ANZAC soldiers landed on the beaches of Gallipoli. The British and French soldiers landed around Cap Helles, and the ANZACS landed around Gaba Tepe. Today, known as ANZAC Cove. On the 25TH of April, there was nothing but barbaric fighting, and most of it was hand – to – hand. After hours of battling, the Turks won back their control of the high ridges that had been reached by the ANZACS, and by the end of the day, the ANACS only held a few square kilometres of The Gallipoli Peninsula, and gullies, where they were forced to dig their trenches. Then later on in the night, the Turks attacked the ANZACS, with both guns and hand grenades. Both the Turks and the ANZACS lost about 2,300 – 2,500 people that day. This all continued for about eight months, which during that time the fighting hardly subsided. The conditions for the ANZACS during the time were absolutely horrific, due to the fact that the Turks occupied most of the higher ground above the ANZACS, they were always in danger. The soldiers were forced to stand in the trenches filled with water for most of the time, and that was how the majority of them developed trench foot, which was an infection in the feet, where the only cure for a case that bad would be amputation. There were also severe out breaks of diseases such as: Typhoid and Dysentery. Despite the unbearable danger and pain the ANZACS were subject to, they were forced to adapt to the terrible conditions in the trenches, and defend there selves. Some soldiers were shooting at the enemies, while others if not keeping watch, were throwing back the grenades that the Turks threw at them, this was done without even knowing when they were going to explode. After eight long, horrific months in Gallipoli, The Allies finally accepted that their victory would be impossible, and that was when they made the decision to evacuate the soldiers and weaponry from Gallipoli secretly at night. While this was done, they acted as if nothing was happening, and even tricked the Turks into thinking that they were still there by attaching tins of water to the guns left in the trenches, that way when water would fill up the tins, they would weigh a fair bit to pull the trigger automatically. The last of the ANZACS were evacuated on 20TH December, and then that night, the Turks (who were charging down the hills to attack the ANZACS) found that they had all gone. It is said that the evacuation was the most successful part of The Gallipoli Campaign. When The Allies abandoned Gallipoli, the ANZACS left behind 7,591 Australian and 2,431 New Zealander soldiers dead. Overall, it is estimated that out of the 480,000 Allied forces that enlisted in The Gallipoli Campaign, 46,000 were left on the Gallipoli Peninsula, dead. And on the Turk’s side, about 65,000 were killed. Today, this area is best known as ‘ANZAC Cove’, which was the area where the ANZACS first landed, and battled for eight months. The Gallipoli Campaign was definitely made out to be the Turk’s greatest victory of World War One, and despite the fact that The Gallipoli Campaign was a military failure for the Allies, the ANZACS displayed throughout the campaign — bravery, ingenuity, endurance, mateship, courage and faith — which to this day, has made them out to be Australia’s hero’s. The Battle Of Lone Pine was a massive attack between the ANZACS and the Turks, and it was there that the ANZACS achieved their greatest victory throughout the whole course of The Gallipoli Campaign. The ANZACS attacked the Turks at Lone Pine on 6TH August 1915, and the battle lasted continuously for 3 whole days and nights. It is estimated that the ANZACS suffered about 2,000 casualties, and the Turks suffered 7,000. After The Battle Of Lone Pine, 7 ANZACS were awarded The Victoria Cross for displaying outstanding gallantry. Today, Lone Pine is the largest ANZAC memorial on the Gallipoli coastline, and it is there that the 2,000 soldiers are buried. Tody, historians have come to the conclusion that, due to all of the facts and evidence of the horrific battle and many casualties that occurred, The Battle Of Lone Pine was one of the most savage battles throughout The Gallipoli Campaign. Roles that people served in at Gallipoli were: Medics – Who would treat wounded men, however despite the fact that there were thousands of people at Gallipoli, there were still not enough medics to treat so many wounded soldiers. Even more so, there was hardly any medicine, this resulted in thousands of soldiers that were never treated and eventually died were left to rot in the trenches which only helped to spread illness. Soldiers – Who would attempt to fight for their nation would fight in the trenches, and some of them even made bombs out of jam tins, and used them in self defence against the Turks. However, many were either shot in the trenches, or in ‘no mans land’. Commanders – Would plan and be in charge of the campaign, most were burdened with the responsibility of making the big decisions, such as: planning the attacks, and weather or not to evacuate. Many commanders also suffered tragic deaths as well as the soldiers. Each of these individuals served in many different ways, each attempting to sail towards victory. However, it is said that The Gallipoli Campaign was a ‘military fail’, due to the fact that in the end, nothing was gained, if anything, the only thing that changed was the fact that thousands of people such as: ANZACS, British and French were killed and never seen again.