User talk:GRainey/IndenturedServitude

A. and B.

The term Indentured Servitude was considered an 'Institution' and famously known to have been introduced and installed in the 13 British Colonies(2.wikilink).0, more specifically applied to a person to borrow from his future labor to pay for transportation to the colonies.1 This notion typically triggers our teachings of its use (from elementary school history classes) in the Virginia Colony during its first 12 years, 1607 to 1619 AD

aspoints to the first British Colonial Colony--the Virginia Colonywhy it was created and its two defined categories for social and economic classes of people:


 * Voluntary Servitude - offering a person a contract to perform labor "Voluntarily," whether it associated itself for eventual compensation or the repayment of debt;" and
 * Involuntary Servitude - represented a judicial punishment imposed for those incarcerated.

We now know that, in principle, the original intended English Institution of Indentured Servitude was conceived of as an idea [1] to experiment within the New World through the hands of the VCL [2] with defining its subcategories as: 1) voluntary servitude (for free people) and 2) involuntary servitude (for those convicted of a crime).

[1] Ballagh, p. 33. [2] In 1606 AD King James granted a letters patent (to create a corporation) to form The Virginia Company of London (VCL) which was a joint stock company (an entity relatively new) to establish profits for its investors. It had two classes of membership: Adventurers who took on investing money towards owning stock like today's stockholders, and the Planters/Colonists who made the trip to the New World to practice their trades and be part of the promised communal system of sharing natural resources and new markets these Planters were also promised land, housing, vegetable gardens and more through VCL pamphlets: Ballagh, p. 15. For the record, the VCL was dissolved in 1624: Ballagh, pp. 25, 30. — Preceding unsigned comment added by GRainey (talk • contribs) 16:19, 2 November 2023 (UTC)

1.Bennett, p...

2. website

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A.2

Before the first landing at First Landing State Park in Virginia, April 1607, the Virginia Company (the administrator to colonize the Virginia Colony) was granted the legal status of a London trading company by James VI and I via his three Royal Charters. However, besides its role as colonizing the Virginia Colony, it created investment options for its investors, i.e., the sale of common stocks that equated to Land Grant Headrights in the Virginia Colony. Further, it created membership groups called Adventurers.2:


 * One who would physically venture to the colony,.3 and


 * One who invested monies in England.

2. find source

3. describe the certificate of Adventurer

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C.

Starvation for the settlers ensued the first 3 years of this period, 1607 to mid-1610 AD, and yet the remainder comprised the directive to install martial law for the Ancient Planters/Settlers/Farmers/ to build forts/towns.1.a

C.1

The other action put in place by the Virginia Company--for those wanting to participate in either being an investor from afar, or an Adventurer upon the colony--was an undercurrent of deception1.b that pointed to pretenses of false documented narratives (propaganda articles/broadsides)(17.wikipedia).1.e propagated by the Virginia Company about 'The Institution', which proved not to be in place during this first period in the colony.

1.a Charter #.., Article #

1.b place pamphlet cover and page with propaganda

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D.

What followed was the impact of The House of Burgesses in August 1619 AD; it was introduced to the colony for its 1st. formal General Assembly.0 that convened annually with 2 representatives from each plantation for voting. It was the understanding that the colony would be governed by free laws (such as those used in England), i.e., the settlers having a hand in governing themselves.0.a

E.

The year 1619 was the year before the beginning of the 1st legal period for the practical activation of the 'Institution' in the Virginia Colony, 1620 AD, whose period was noted as: 1620 to 1624 AD.1 There were 5-consecutive time-periods associated with the legal system of the 'Institution'; they evolved for almost 300 years in America, 1620 until 1917 AD,.2 and to this end, as stated, this 'Institution' was launched from the actions of the "House of Burgesses" in 1619.

0. University of Pittsburgh, p. 81

0.b Ibid, or website for Virginia Commonwealth

1. Ballagh, p...

2. Galenson, p...

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0. Historians (and most dictionaries of today).2 typically define it to be: a contract (indenture) between a ... (Institution of Indentured Servitude in America (present day dictionary meaning): The practice of transporting a European to the Americas during the British Colonial Period that began in 1607 AD with consideration to a 4 to 7-year term of labor/debt contract with the intent of paying for ones’ cost of transportation, and taking their skill set or receiving an apprenticeship with the possibility of receiving land.)

0.a Elizabethan article: https://www.bl.uk/shakespeare/articles/the-social-structure-in-elizabethan-england

1.a Ballagh 1.c Ballagh 1.d Doyle 1.e use Item #1 as the reference in book #3 8. show chart I created 8.a Galenson

The Origin and continued use of the 'Institution'
The term Indentured Servitude is considered an Institution and famously known to have been introduced and installed in the Thirteen Colonies. It is also known to have its roots from England as far back as the Elizabethan Period (last half of 1500s) that evolved also from the famous term and institution called Apprenticeship (aka: Internship) that continues to have its characteristics today throughout the world in the workplace.

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A.2

In 1606 AD King James granted a letters patent to form the Virginia Company of London, a joint stock company to establish profits for its investors, allowing it the opportunity to create two membership classes for its inventors, both called 'Adventurers'.0 which defined them as:

B.
 * 1) The Adventurer as an Investor in England, and
 * 2) The Adventurer (Ancient Planters/Settlers/Farmers) who traveled to the Virginia Colony; and further, as a result for this 1st wave of people the officers of the Virginia Colony also defined two categories for economic and social class groups:

Please Note: but what preceded the formal use of this 'Institution' in the Virginia Colony was the well known term "Apprenticeship" in England during the Elizabethan Period.2 which has its continuance of flight in the workplace today, over 425 years later, better known today as an "Internship.
 * Voluntary Servitude - “A free contract with the Virginia Company or with private persons for a specified term of service with consideration for transportation and maintenance during one’s servitude.”.16 This was a person who performed labor for a certain number of years, considered free people from England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland who were called Farmers, but later called Ancient Farmers; they initially believed in this idea of voluntary servitude, as it was presented and promised to them, and thought it would best serve them because it was free transportation to what was considered the "New World"-— who were bondsmen borrowing against their future labor to repay their transportation costs; some would borrow from a friend or relative to pay the ships' captains for his transportation.32 and be part of the promised communal system of sharing natural resources and new markets these Planters were also promised land, housing, vegetable gardens and more through VCL pamphlets: Ballagh, p. 15.;
 * Involuntary Servitude - “A legal authority that condemned a person to a term of servitude judged necessary for his reformation of prevention from an idle course of life, or as a reprieve from other punishment for the misdemeanors already committed” which was a person convicted of a crime--incarcerated within the prisons/correctional facilities in London, e.g. Newgate Prison or Clerkenwell, or an impoverished and unemployed.1 citizens of England, kidnapped men, woman, children (and convicts to serve out their prison terms);.2 This definition continues to hold the very same character definitions to date; but probably more important, for these categories merit, was their scrutiny with the enactment of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution that reinforced its legal application for their use in the United States, in that, Slavery was legally abolished (which holds that if a person is held against their will that is slavery (Involuntary Servitude), but continue to be legal if a person is (imprisonment), while voluntary servitude is legal.

Please Note: Since the officers of the Virginia Colony were involved in the pre-planning of this experiment, i.e., the 'Institution', it was understood to be a "little better than a 'Penal Colony'".3

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0. Ballagh, p. 11.

1. Bennett, p. 33

2. Ibid, p 34

3. Doyle, p. 170

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"The "The Virginia Company deliberately laid its account to managing what was little better than a penal settlement. Many of the emigrants were sure to be men who could be made to work by nothing short of a slave-gang system."

Doyle, 170

The Roanoke Colony, 1585 AD
A.1

According to documented history, the intended use of this 'Institution' in the Virginia Colony was not the first instance for its use in the British colonization of the Americas. That documented history made its mark in 1585 AD in the lost Roanoke Colony; but in the Virginia Colony, it was not installed until 1620.1 when it was finally used on a practical basis upon the 1st wave of Ancient Planters/Settlers/Farmers during the 1st period of the Virginia Colony, 1607 to 1619 AD--over four-hundred years ago.

1. Galenson, p...

Starvation in the Virginia Colony
C.

Starvation ensued and False Narrative promoted about 'The Institution' The onslaught of starvation occupied the better part of the first 3 years in the colony because(..wikilink)...

The use of 'Martial Law' to build forts and towns
C.

For the remainder of this first 12-year period, forts and towns were built with the use of martial law.1 & .2 by the VCL's commissioned governors(..wikilink) in London, who traveled to the colony.

1. Charter II, Article XXVI?

2. Doyle, p. 211

Pretense of False Narrative about the 'Institution'
C.

Colonial Records of the VCL show that during the latter part of the proven starvation period, 1609 AD, advertisements.1 (post propaganda articles/broadsides) promoting the benevolence of the Institution proved to be the ideal place to be as noted...but some how truth of the colony's condition reached the mainland of the of London, and as a deflection by the hands of the Virginia Colony, false documented narratives by the Virginia Company were promoted to deceive prospective artificers as noted(post meeting place). This documented proof justified the absolute/abject absence of the 'The Institution' in the colony.

The state of play was not only propagating deception by the VCL, but also it conducted lotteries.1.a to promote.1 what did not exist. These were coupled with the concurrent issuance of King James's 2nd Charter [in 1609]].1.b to the VCL for use martial law to discipline unruly settlers/planters/farmers in the colony to build forts/towns for the next generation of settlers.

Look up Captain John Smith's memoirs that later talked about what really happened in the colony.

1. use the 1609/10 cover and detailed page 1.a land and gardens 1.b Britannica Encyclopidia, Charter II, Article XXIX

The first 'General Assembly' in the Virginia Colony, 1619 AD
D.

In August 1619 AD, the House of Burgesses was introduced in the colony that enacted the 1st General Assembly that convened annually with 2 representatives (Burgesses) for voting within each plantation. From this strategic meeting, it was the understanding that the colony would be governed by free laws (such as those used in England), i.e., the settlers having a hand in governing themselves.76 Also attributed from this strategic meeting launched the first legal period for 'The Institution' that commenced in 1620 AD.1 and what followed were the continual of four periods.

The five consecutive time-periods attributed to the 'Institution'
E. The five consecutive time-periods for the legal system for 'The Institution' comprise almost 300 years (1620 until 1917 AD),.1 and are as follows:


 * 1st Period: 1620 to 1642 AD - The beginning of the 1st period of the English legal Institution/System of Indentured Servitude. “This period learned from the 1st Period, not to repeat such acts and therefore used reasonable labor acts that worked for the planters/laborers for the growth of the colony that later became fixed in customary law.”[2]


 * 2nd Period: 1642 to 1726 AD - “This period used customary laws that evolved into statutory law.”[3]


 * 3rd Period: 1726 to 1788 AD - “The institution experienced a decrease in use because of an increase of African Slavery that became predominately supportive throughout the USA.”[4]


 * 4th Period: 1788 to 1865 AD - This period embodied the division between the North and South, the US Civil War, the Emancipation Proclamation (1863) and then the 1865 13th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution that legally abolished Slavery and Involuntary Servitude; and


 * 5th Period: 1865 to 1917 AD - “this period was reenacted but in large part for Asians who migrated to the West Indies and Hawaii due to the need for labor in the sugar industries,”[5] but these workers were contracted Indentured Servants who would serve their agreed upon terms and have the freedom to go back home or try another employer--a far cry from the previous servitude periods for the Indentured Servant.

[1] Galenson, p...

[2] Ballagh, p.42.

[3] Ibid.

[4] Smith, A., p.4, (Kindle format); or - Ballagh, p. 43.

[5] Galenson, p. 26.