User talk:Gaurav4291/Test

Ex-Situ conservation method

 * Means offsite conservation
 * In this component of biological diversity is restricted from its natural habitat and managed in a controlled environment
 * Ex- gene banks, zoos, biological parks, tissue culture

In-Situ Conservation

 * means onsite conservation
 * conservation of plants and animals in their natural habitat
 * biosphere reserves, National Parks, Sanctuaries

Naupada

 * Famous for Salt fields
 * In Andhra Pradesh

Sanctuaries in Rann of Kutch

 * Indian wild ass sanctuary –largest wildlife sanctuary in India
 * Narayan Sarovar Chinkara wildlife sanctuary – last remaining habitats of Cheetah in India
 * Kutch great Indian bustard sanctuary – heaviest flying bird – smallest sanctuary in India – the bird is in Critically endangered Red list of IUCN
 * Banni Grasslands reserve
 * Chari-Dhand wetland conservation reserve - located on the edge of banni grasslands

Double coconut palm

 * Largest seed known
 * And can survive for long time (1000 years)
 * Very rare tree – only 1 in India and is found in only two of the Seychelles islands
 * Listed as endangered under IUCN

Sikkim

 * Orchid is the state flower
 * Kanchenzenga national park and biosphere reserve – kanchenzenga third highest peak in the world

Assam

 * Manas National Park
 * Kaziranga national park
 * Dibru-saikhowa NP
 * Nameri NP
 * Orang NP — Preceding unsigned comment added by Gaurav4291 (talk • contribs) 15:27, 6 June 2016 (UTC)

AQI

 * The AQI has six categories of air quality, viz Good, Satisfactory, Moderately Polluted, Poor, Very Poor and Severe with distinct colour scheme.
 * AQI considers eight pollutants (PM10, PM 2.5, NO2, SO2, CO, O3, NH3 and Pb)

Point calimere and wildlife sanctuary

 * In Tamil nadu
 * For blackbucks
 * Famous for greater flamingos
 * It is a tropical dry evergreen forests
 * It is a Ramsar site

Ropar wetland

 * Fresh water riverine
 * It is a Ramsar site

Bhoj wetland

 * Fresh water system
 * It is a Ramsar site

SICOM

 * Society of integrated coastal management
 * Estb. Under MoEFCC
 * To support in the implementation of ICZM (supported by world bank)

Global Environment facility

 * Partnership of various public and private organisations and civil organisations
 * Focus is on environment

Forest Fires

 * Mizoram sees highest number of forest fires
 * MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer sensor of NASA is used to monitor forest fires in real time in India

Kadamba tree

 * Is an evergreen tropical tree native to south and south east Asia

Article 8 (j) of the Convention on Biological Diversity

 * On Traditional Knowledge, Innovations and Practices

Biological diversity act, 2002

 * Under this NBA (National biodiversity authority) is established – statutory and autonomous body
 * It advises central govt. on preserving biodiversity
 * State biodiversity boards advises state govt.
 * Biological management commissions – are bodies at local level

USAID Forest-Plus

 * Program to accelerate India’s path to low-carbon economy
 * Develop capacity to measure carbon monitoring and storage
 * Reducing deforestation and land-use planning

Wildlife protection Act,1972

 * Under this Nilgai and wildpig (boar) has been declared as vermins
 * Under the act any animal declared as vermin, state authorities can carry out extermination on large scale without attracting penal provisions

Binturong (bearcat)

 * Vulnerable under IUCN
 * Can be found in Manas national park

Basel Convention

 * On transboundary movement of hazardous waste and their disposal

Minamata convention

 * Is on mercury – to protect human health

Rotterdam Convention

 * Is on prior consent and responsibilities in relation to importation of hazardous chemicals

Stockholm convention

 * Is on protection of human health from persistent organic pollutants

Cooum River

 * Shortest river to drain into bay of Bengal
 * Earlier known as triplicane river
 * One of the highly polluted river in Tamil nadu

Wetlands

 * 2 Feb – wetlands day
 * On every continent (except Antarctica)

Trophic level

 * Autotrophs or producers – first level
 * More number of organisms – at lower levels

Bio-magnification

 * Is the increasing concentration of a substance such as a toxic substance in the tissue of organisms at successive higher trophic levels in a food chain

Bio-Accumulation

 * Occurs at the same trophic level – it is the increase in concentration of a substance

Bio-Concentration

 * It happens when uptake from water if higher then excretion

Bio-diversity hotspot

 * A region which has high biodiversity and is under threat from human activities

Global Warming

 * Sun is not at all responsible for global warming
 * Warming is only due to warming of surface temperature - not stratosphere

Ozone depletion

 * CFC's break and release Chlorine free radical that breaks O3


 * Green climate fund is the largest fund


 * Clean development mechanism


 * National clean energy fund is funded by cess on coal

NAFCC

 * National adaptation fund on climate change
 * it is funded only by govt.
 * Objective - is to assist states and UTs that are particularly vulnerable to climate change
 * NABARD - is the national implementing agency under NAFCC

GHGs

 * HFCs, CO2, CH4, Nitrous oxide, PFCs (Perflourocarbons), Sulphur hexaflouride, Nitrogen triflouride

Test5

 * Bhimbetka caves (vindhyan and satpura range) - one of the richest cave paintings - upper paleolithic, mesolithic and chalcolithic
 * In India - cave paintings are found from upper paleolithic era
 * Lakhudiyar (Amora) - have hand linked images of human
 * Upper paleolithic cave paintings - images are linear, use of green, red, black, white color - animal figures, geometric patterns and humans in stick style
 * Harappa and Mohenjodaro sites - Lothal, Dholavira, Balathal, Kalibangan, Daimabad, Ropar, Rakhigari, etc.

Important Buddha Sites

 * Sarnath – First sermon
 * Kushinagar – Cremation of Buddha (and last sermon)
 * Bodhgaya – attained enlightenment
 * Other stupas at Buddha's relics - Rajagraha, Vaishali, Kapilavastu, Allakappa, Ramagrama, Vethadipa, Pava, Kushinagar and Pippalvina.
 * Shatrunjay hills - Jain temples

Landslides

 * Caused by – earthquakes, floods, volcanoes, leaking pipes and sewer reticulation, removal of vegetation and vibrations from heavy traffic and blasting

Soil conservation

 * Methods – Mixed farming, mulching and intercropping

Isotonic and hypotonic

 * Isotonic solution – osmotic pressure on the both sides of semi-permeable membrane is equal – thus water can travel both ways – without affecting concentration of solutes on both sides
 * Hypotonic solution – has less osmotic pressure (lower concentration of solute) – thus water flows towards it. A fresh water solution is hypotonic – thus a cell kept in this solution will swell.
 * Hypertonic solution – has high osmotic pressure

Diclofenac

 * Damages kidney of vultures

Cites

 * Washington convention

Non-metallic minerals

 * Coal, porphyry, mica are non-metallic minerals

Appalachians

 * East North America

Zirconium

 * Oldest material of terrestrial origin
 * Found in western Australia
 * Is a metallic mineral

Kalgoorlie

 * Gold mine city – western Australia

Crude oil

 * Kerogen is an important part in the formation of petroleum beneath the earth
 * Brent crude is a mixture of 15 oil fields between Nigeria and Dubai
 * Brent crude has low sulphur and has less density
 * India’s oil basket comprises – Oman-Dubai sour grade and Brent crude in the ratio of 67.6 : 32.4

LPG and CNG

 * LPG is a mixture of Propane and Butane
 * CNG only contains Methane
 * CNG releases less GHGs than LPG
 * CNG is lighter than air – thus disperses quickly
 * LPG is highly inflammable – heavier than air – thus settles on ground level

Thorium

 * India has 25% of the world’s total thorium reserves
 * India’s 3 stage nuclear programme plans to use this reserve
 * India currently has no thorium plants
 * Andhra Pradesh has largest reserve in India

Shifting cultivation

 * It adversely affects the recovery of soil fertility
 * It results in weed invasion and
 * Can be used to combat climate change

Wheat

 * Grows in well drained loam or clay-loam soils
 * Needs lot of sunshine
 * Is grown as rainfed crop

MIC

 * Methyl isocyanate is an intermediate product in the production of Carbamate pesticides
 * Union carbide India ltd. Used MIC as an intermediate product to manufacture plastics, industrial chemical and pesticides

EEZ

 * Exclusive economic zone – no sovereignty over this only sovereign right
 * Surface waters in this region is international waters
 * If the continental shelf of the country extends beyond 200 nautical miles, that country can claim EEZ beyond 200 nautical miles – India applied for extending its EEZ to UNCLOS
 * Territorial waters – 12 nautical miles – full sovereignty over this

1992 Summit

 * Earth summit –Rio
 * Signed documents – Agenda 21, forest principles, CBD and UN convention to combat desertification

Club of rome

 * Group of global think tanks
 * In the field of humanity, global warming, well being
 * Famous for its book – Limits to growth – on limited availability of natural resources and its impact on economic growth

Land degradation

 * Causes:
 * Deforestation, Shifting cultivation without adequate fallow period, overgrazing, unbalanced fertiliser use, overpumping of ground water

Strip cropping

 * Involves growing strips of grass between crops or strips of different crops
 * Used to prevent soil degradation

Chir pine

 * Is native to India
 * Oak tree was replaced by chir trees for resin and timber

Bhakra dam

 * Concrete gravity dam

Kul irrigation system

 * It is a traditional rainwater harvesting technique
 * In this, heads of glaciers are used to draw water in a sustainable manner
 * Practiced in trans-himalayan region – mainly in spiti valley

High value crops

 * Vegetables, fruits and flowers, ornamentals, condiments, spices,
 * Not pusles and cotton

Rat hole coal mining

 * It was rampant in Meghalaya
 * Now banned by NGT and Meghalaya govt.
 * Rat hole mining has resulted in increased acidity in near by water sources

Types of Indian silk

 * Kinkkhwab
 * Pot-thans
 * Himru
 * Mashru

NH44

 * Previously NH 7
 * From Srinagar to Kanyakumari
 * Passes through H.P, Punjab, Delhi, Haryana, U.P, M.P, Maharastra, Tellangana, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil nadu,